Breast cancer（BC），as the most common malignant tumor among women globally，has become a significant public health issue worldwide. Although improvements in early diagnosis and treatment technologies，the therapeutic outcomes remain less than satisfactory. BC，characterized by its high heterogeneity and multiple molecular subtypes，poses a considerable challenge to treatment due to its complex biological properties. Traditional chemotherapy and immunotherapy suffer from issues such as insufficient precision， severe side effects，and the tendency to develop drug resistance，thus highlighting the urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies. Oncolytic viruses（OV）have emerged as an innovative cancer treatment method. Their uniqueness lies in the ability to precisely identify and attack cancer cells while simultaneously activating the body’s immune system to combat cancer. Currently， various OVs have been applied in cancer therapy，including herpes simplex virus（HSV），newcastle disease virus（NDV），vesicular stomatitis virus（VSV），measles virus（MV），adenovirus（AdV），and vaccinia virus（VV）. Moreover，significant progress has been made in the construction of novel OV and the combination with traditional therapies. This article reviews the research progress of common OV in the field of BC treatment over the past five years，thus affirming the great potential of OV.