Abstract：Objective To investigate the changes of serum liver and kidney function and blood lipid indexes in obese patients within one year after Metabolic Surgery (MS). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 119 patients who received MS in Jiangsu province hospital. Venous blood samples were collected for serum biochemical tests before and immediately, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the surgery，respectively. Results The preoperative levels of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, TG, GLU and UA were positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.289, 0.309, 0.285, 0.245, 0.125, 0.203 and 0.360, P < 0.05), while HDL level was negatively correlated with BMI (r = - 0.284, P < 0.05). ALT, GLU, UA, GGT and TG levels decreased significantly after surgery at different time (ALT: 3 months; GGT, TG, GLU, UA: 1 month). One year after operation, each index was significantly lower than that before operation (P < 0.05). The postoperative level of HDL gradually increased with time, and significantly increased 6 months after operation (P < 0.05). Conclusion MS can change most biochemical indicators in a short term and effectively improve liver function and reduce blood lipid levels of obese patients.