Objective To establish an animal model of immediate implantation for maxillary anterior teeth of New Zealand rabbits and observe its osseointegration at different time points. Methods A total of 16 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups according to 2w, 4w, 8w and 12w, with 4 rabbits in each group. After surgery, maxillary specimens containing implants were collected at 2w, 4w, 8w and 12w respectively. The characteristics of implant osseointegration at different time points after immediate implantation were studied by observation, Micro-CT scanning and tissue section staining. The maxillary anterior teeth of rabbits were extracted and pure titanium experimental implants were immediately implanted in the fresh extraction sockets. Maxillary specimens containing implants were collected at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively, and the characteristics of implant osseointegration at different time points after immediate implantation were studied by general observation, Micro-CT scanning, and staining of tissue sections. Results (1) General observation: The rabbits in each group had normal postoperative state, no obvious abnormality of appetite, good wound healing, and no loosening or falling off implants. (2) Micro-CT analysis: The bone density and thickness at the thread of implant increased continuously with the extension of healing time after implantation. (3) Histological examination: According to the time after implantation, the bone-implant contact ratio (BIC) measured by staining of hard tissue sections increased steadily, and the bone structure around the implant, as shown in the staining of decalcified jaw sections, exhibited the evolution of scattered-island-cord-lamellar bone, indicating the formation of osseointegration. Many osteoclasts and inflammatory cells were observed in 2w and 4w groups, whereas almost no such cells in 8w and 12w groups, which had more red blood cells and yellow bone marrow. Conclusions Performing implantation immediately after extraction of maxillary anterior teeth in rabbits can establish an animal model of immediate implantation, which provides a new way for observation of the osseointegration process after immediate implantation and in vivo study of titanium implants.