Objective: To analyze the characteristics of cervical thickness detected by ultrasound in patients with abnormal cervical cancer screening tests, and to explore the clinical value of cervical thickness combined with colposcopy in patients with abnormal tests in cervical cancer screening. Methods: Taking pathological diagnosis as the gold standard, the colposcopy results and cervical thickness measured by transvaginal ultrasound in the median sagittal plane of 322 patients with abnormal cervical cancer screening tests were analyzed retrospectively. The cervical thickness measurements of different levels of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were compared, and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves of single cervical thickness, colposcopy and cervical thickness combined colposcopy for predicting CINⅢ and above (CINⅢ+,including CINⅢ and canceration) were plotted. Results: The cervical thickness was 21.88±2.46mm in 146 patients with cervicitis, 23.76±3.05mm in 77 patients with CINⅠ, 24.44±2.77mm in 53 patients with CINⅡ, 26.28 ± 3.22mm in 41 patients with CINⅢ and 26.80±2.49mm in 5 patients with cervical cancer (carcinoma in situ and stage Ia). There was a significant positive correlation between cervical thickness and CIN level (r=0.492, P＜0.001) and there was significant difference in cervical thickness between different CIN levels (P＜0.05). Cervical thickness combined with colposcopic high-grade squamous epithelial lesions (HSIL) predicted the area under the curve (AUC) of CINⅢ+ was the highest, which was 0.915. The AUCs predicted by cervical thickness, colposcopic low-grade squamous epithelial lesions (LSIL), HSIL alone and cervical thickness combined with LSIL were 0.793, 0.703, 0.824 and 0.854 respectively. Conclusion: Cervical thickness has a certain reference value for patients with abnormal tests in cervical cancer screening, cervical thickness detection combined with colposcopy has a high predictive value for CINⅢ+ in patients with abnormal cervical cancer screening tests.