With the gradual acceleration of China's aging society, the incidence rate of various cardiovascular diseases is increasing, including chronic heart failure, myocardial infarction, and hypertension, etc. There is still a lack of effective prevention measures. More and more studies have found that the central nervous system has an inseparable interaction with the regulation of cardiovascular physiological functions. Among them, neurons and various cytokines in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus participate in the regulation of cardiovascular activities, which is a key regulatory center for regulating cardiovascular activities. This article aims to summarize and conclude the recent research progress on the role and mechanism of PVN in regulating cardiovascular activity.