Objective: This study aims to investigate the role and mechanism of Class A1 scavenger receptor (SR-A1) in Adipose Browning induced by cold exposure. Methods: The expression of SR-A1, UCP1, Cidea and Cox8b in white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue of wild type (WT) mice and SR-A1-/- (KO) mice fed common diet (CD) were detected by qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry after 1, 14, and 30 days of cold exposure. The weight changes were monitored in WT and KO mice on normal and high fat diets for 16 weeks. The metabolic cage method was used to monitor the changes of O2 Consumption and heat production. The expression of UCP1, Cidea and Cox8b in white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue of WT and KO mice fed high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks was detected by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry after 7 days of cold exposure. The number of macrophages and polarization of M1-type and M2-type macrophages in white adipose tissue of WT and KO mice after 30 days of cold exposure were detected by qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. Mouse preadipocytes were treated with macrophage conditioned medium in vitro, and the degree of Browning of mature adipocytes was detected by qRT-PCR. Results: Compared with WT CD mice, the browning of adipose induced by chronic cold exposure was significantly reduced in KO CD mice. When we exposed mice to HFD for 16 weeks, the weight of mice increased significantly. Compared with WT HFD mice, KO HFD mice had significantly higher weight, lower O2 Consumption and heat production. The Adipose Browning in KO HFD mice was significantly reduced compared with WT HFD mice after cold exposure, and the number of macrophages in subcutaneous white adipose tissue of KO CD mice increased significantly, the proportion of M1 macrophages increased significantly, the proportion of M2 macrophages decreased significantly. Compared with the mature adipocytes induced by peritoneal macrophage conditioned medium in WT mice, the Browning degree of mature adipocytes induced by peritoneal macrophage conditioned medium in KO mice was significantly reduced. Conclusion: Under cold exposure, SR-A1 promoted the Browning of white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue subcutaneously in mice, and this effect was realized through the polarization of M2-type macrophages.