MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression transcriptionally, playing crucial roles in various cellular processes. An increasing body of research indicates that mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection alters the expression of numerous microRNAs in host cells, thereby influencing downstream pathways involved in immune responses against tuberculosis. This review examines how changes in microRNA levels post Mtb infection regulate autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. It highlights that microRNAs could serve as potential therapeutic targets for Tuberculosis (TB), providing insights for further research and clinical applications.