Objective: To analyze the risk factors of postoperative pulmonary complication (PPC) in patients undergoing the surgery of thoracoscopic pulmonary nodules in the Rapid Rehabilitation Care Unit. Methods: The clinical data of 624 patients who underwent the surgery of thoracoscopic pulmonary nodules for the first time in the Rapid Rehabilitation Care Unit were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether PPC occurred within 1 month after discharge, the patients were divided into two groups: PPC group and non-PPC group. Through multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent risk factors were screened to construct a nomogram prediction model and internal verification was performed. Results: PPCs occurred in 209 patients (33.5%). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that long days of thoracic drainage tube placement (OR=1.478, 95%CI:1.043-2.094), large drainage volume on the first day after surgery (OR=1.008, 95%CI:1.006-1.011), malignant pathological results (OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.037-2.359) were independent risk factors for PPCs. The area under the ROC curve of the prediction model was 0.716 (95%CI:0.673-0.760), and the P value of the calibration curve based on the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was 0.105, suggesting that the discrimination and calibration of the prediction model were good. Conclusion: The days of postoperative chest drainage tube placement, the drainage volume on the first day after surgery and the pathological results are independent risk factors for PPC in patients undergoing the surgery of thoracoscopic pulmonary nodules in the Rapid Rehabilitation Care Unit. The prediction model constructed according to it has good discrimination and calibration, which can provide individualized basis for the prevention and treatment of PPC after VATS.