基于超声构建的列线图模型在鉴别非平行位乳腺小肿块良恶性中的应用价值
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南京医科大学第一附属医院超声诊断科

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国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目,重点项目,重大项目)(NSFC 82371979)


The Value of Ultrasound-based Nomogram for Predicting Malignancy in Small and Non-parallel Breast Lesions
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Department of Ultrasound,The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University

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    摘要:

    目的:探讨基于临床及超声特点构建预测模型,在鉴别超声非平行位生长、乳腺影像报告和数据系统(Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, BI-RADS)分为4A、4B类乳腺小肿块良恶性的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2020年6月至2024年5月在南京医科大学第一附属医院就诊的乳腺肿块患者,筛选超声诊断为BI-RADS 4A, 4B类,非平行位生长,直径≤10mm的肿块,共纳入327例,按7:3的比例随机分为训练集(N=229)和验证集(N=98)。应用Logistic回归分析鉴别乳腺良、恶性肿块的风险因素并构建诊断预测模型。以受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线和决策曲线分析(decision curve analysis, DCA)评估模型的鉴别效能和临床意义。结果:本研究327例患者中恶性比例为36.1%(118/327)。经单因素和多因素分析,年龄、边缘、弹性和超声BI-RADS分类为恶性肿块的独立风险因素。纳入这4个变量建立诊断模型,并以列线图的形式展现。训练集和验证集ROC的曲线下面积(area under curve, AUC)分别为0.846和0.798;DCA证实应用模型预测肿块良恶性风险可以使患者获益。此外,基于列线图计算的风险评分对所有患者进行危险分层,风险评分≥0.7(后20%)的患者被列为高危组;风险评分≤0.1(前20%)的患者被列为低危组,低、高危组恶性率分别为8.8%和82.1%。结论:根据临床及超声特点构建的预测模型,可有效鉴别超声BI-RADS 4A、4B类非平行位乳腺小肿块的良恶性。根据列线图计算风险评分进行危险分层,低危组的恶性率仅8.8%,而高危组的恶性率为82.1%,具有较高的临床价值。

    Abstract:

    Background: This study was conduct to develop a predictive model for differentiating between benign and malignant Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4A, 4B breast lesions, which featured non-parallel and small on ultrasound. Methods: For this retrospective study, 327 patients were recruited in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June 2020 to May 2024. Patients were divided into training set (N=229) and validation set (N=229) at the ratio of 7:3. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors and develop a predictive model to differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions. The effectiveness of the model was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: The proportion of malignant tumors was 36.1% (118/327) in this study. With univariate and multivariate analyses, a predictive model compromised age, margin, elasticity assessment and US-BI-RADS was built and shown as a nomogram. The area under the ROC curve was 0.846 and 0.798 in the training and test cohort, respectively. DCA demonstrated that the model could achieve benefits for patients. Moreover, the study stratified the breast lesions into three risk groups according to the risk scores calculated by the nomogram. Patients were regarded as “high risk” with a risk score more than or equal to 0.7, and as “low risk” with a risk score less than or equal to 0.1. The proportion of malignancy was 8.8% and 82.1% in low- and high-risk group. Conclusion: The study established a predictive model based on clinical and ultrasound features. The model could effectively differentiate benign and malignant non-parallel and small BI-RADS 4A, 4B breast lesions. This model can distinguish different risks, with a lower probability (8.8%) of malignant breast lesions in the low-risk group and a higher probability (82.1%) in the high-risk group.

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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-19
  • 最后修改日期:2025-02-27
  • 录用日期:2025-08-08
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