丰富环境改善5×FAD小鼠社会行为障碍
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南京医科大学江苏省神经退行性疾病重点实验室

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国家自然基金(82304466)


Enriched Environment alleviates social behavioral deficits in 5×FAD Mice
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Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration,Nanjing Medical University

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    摘要:

    目的:阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)是一种逐步进展且不可逆的神经退行性疾病,患者早期常表现为社交行为的退缩。其主要病理特征包括β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)的异常沉积、胶质细胞的过度活化、突触损伤以及髓鞘功能的损害。近年来,丰富环境(enriched environment, EE)作为一种非药物干预手段,因其对神经可塑性的潜在促进作用而受到广泛关注。然而,EE在AD早期阶段对社会行为以及相关神经病理学影响的研究仍存在不足。本研究利用5×FAD小鼠模型,系统探讨了EE对AD早期病理进展的影响,为EE在AD防治中的应用提供了新的证据支持。方法:本研究将2月龄5×FAD小鼠随机分配到标准环境(standard environment,SE)组或EE组,每笼5只,在相应的饲养环境中持续饲养4周,随后进行Y迷宫实验、旷场实验、十字高架实验和三箱社交实验的行为学检测。接着对两组小鼠的内侧前额叶皮质(Medial prefrontal cortex, mPFC)进行组织学和病理学分析,以评估相关神经病理特征的变化。结果:EE并未影响5×FAD小鼠的短期空间记忆和焦虑样行为,但显著增强了其社交互动能力。在病理层面,5×FAD小鼠mPFC区域存在明显的β-淀粉样蛋白(amyloid β-protein,Aβ)的沉积及胶质细胞活化现象。相比于SE组,EE组小鼠的mPFC区域表现出Aβ沉积和胶质细胞活化的显著减少。此外,EE改善了该区域的髓鞘结构完整性,而对突触蛋白、突触超微结构及神经元存活未见明显影响。结论:研究表明,EE能够有效减缓5×FAD小鼠的AD病理发展,并显著改善其社会行为障碍,突出其在干预AD相关社会功能缺失中的潜在价值。这些结果表明,环境干预可能通过调节神经炎症、降低Aβ沉积以及维持髓鞘稳态,在AD发展过程中发挥潜在的神经保护效应。

    Abstract:

    Objective: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder, with patients often exhibiting social withdrawal at an early stage. Its primary pathological hallmarks include abnormal β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, glial hyperactivation, synaptic impairment, and myelin dysfunction. Recently, the enriched environment (EE), a non-pharmacological intervention, has garnered attention for its potential to enhance neuroplasticity. However, research on the effects of EE on social behavior and related neuropathological changes in the early stages of AD remains insufficient. This study utilized the 5×FAD mouse model to systematically investigate the impact of EE on early pathological progression in AD, providing new evidence to support the application of EE in the prevention and treatment of AD. Methods: Two-month-old 5×FAD mice were randomly assigned to a standard environment (SE) group or an EE group (5 mice per cage) and maintained in their respective housing conditions for 4 weeks. Behavioral tests, including the Y-maze, open field, elevated plus maze, and three-chamber social interaction assays, were conducted. Histopathological analyses of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were performed to evaluate neuropathological changes. Results: EE did not affect short-term spatial memory or anxiety-like behaviors in 5×FAD mice but significantly enhanced their social interaction capabilities. Pathologically, 5×FAD mice exhibited marked Aβ deposition and glial activation in the mPFC. Compared to the SE group, EE mice showed significantly reduced Aβ accumulation and glial activation in the mPFC. Furthermore, EE improved myelin structural integrity in this region, while no significant effects were observed on synaptic proteins, synaptic ultrastructure, or neuronal survival. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that EE effectively mitigates AD-related pathology in 5×FAD mice and alleviates social behavioral deficits, highlighting its potential for addressing AD-associated social dysfunction. These findings suggest that environmental interventions may exert neuroprotective effects by modulating neuroinflammation, reducing Aβ deposition, and preserving myelin homeostasis during AD progression.Keywords: Enriched Physical Environment; Social Behavioral Deficits; Medial Prefrontal Cortex

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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-11
  • 最后修改日期:2025-05-21
  • 录用日期:2025-10-10
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