Abstract：Objective:This study aims to systematically analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with synchronous esophageal and gastric cancers, exploring their demographic distribution, lifestyle habits, and pathological types, to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 61 patients with synchronous esophageal and gastric cancers admitted to the Department,Hospital from to (meeting Warren and Gates criteria). Demographic data, BMI, lifestyle habits (smoking, drinking), medical history, family cancer history, and detailed tumor characteristics (onset nature, anatomical location, pathological type) were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0. Results:The majority of patients were male (82%) with a mean age of 67.8 years. The average BMI was 23.99, with 42.2% of patients being overweight or obese. The rates of smoking and drinking histories were 41% and 49.2%, respectively. Gastric lesions were most common in the antrum (32.8%) and cardia (18%), while esophageal lesions were predominantly located in the middle thoracic segment (84%), especially the middle lower thoracic segment (47.5%). The synchronous occurrence of lesions in both sites showed significant regional characteristics. Conclusion:Patients with synchronous esophageal and gastric cancers are primarily middle-aged to elderly males with unhealthy lifestyle habits (smoking, drinking, overweight). Clinically, there should be a high vigilance for gastric lesions (especially in the antrum and cardia) in esophageal cancer patients, as well as potential esophageal lesions in gastric cancer patients.