Objective:To observe the homing capacity of bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) to rat with acute hepatic failure(AHF). Methods:BMSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow with the method of density gradient centrifugation and stick-to-wall screening,and the surface markers were identified with flow cytometry after amplification in vitro. BMSCs were labeled with Bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU). AHF animals were induced by D-galactosamine(D-gal). Transplantation of labeled BMSCs(1~1.5×106) were performed on the AHF rats(group A)/normal rats(group C),another AHF group(group B) were injected with sodium chloride without BMSCs as a control to group A. Then the mortality of the rats and liver function recovery status were observed. Two weeks after cells transplantation, BMSCs traced with BrdU were detected in the livers by immunohistochemistry. Results:The mortality and status of liver function were not significantly different between A and B group. Both A and C group could find BrdU+ cells, and the number and the disposition of BrdU+ cells in A group was much more than C group-s,showing significant difference. Conclusion:BMSCs have capacity of homing to the liver of rat in normal or in injury . But the number of BMSCs homing to liver might be related to the extent of liver injury.