Objective:To evaluate the effects of ischemic preconditioning(IPC) on the signal transduction pathways of liver regeneration after partial liver transplantation in rat models. Methods:Male Lewis rats were used as donors and recipients of 50% orthotopic liver transplantations. 120 rats were divided into two groups randomly, control group(C) and ischaemic preconditioning treated group(IPC). IPC group was performed by clamping of the portal vein and hepatic artery of the donor for 10 minutes followed by reperfusion for 15 minutes before harvesting. The survival rate of both group were calculated each day up to 7 days. At 2,6,24, 48 h after reperfusion, serum Alanine Aminotransferase(ALT) of both group were measured, graft samples were obtained to determine the hepatic levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and PCNA. The expression of proteins cyclin D1,Cdk4,STAT3 and P-STAT3 were detected by Western blot. Results:After liver transplantation there was no significant difference between both groups on the survival rate. The level of serum ALT at 2 h and 6 h of IPC group lower than the control group. The hepatic levels of TNF-α of IPC group were higher than the control at 6 h. As to the IL-6, group C attenuated at all time spots. The activity of PCNA in IPC group increased significantly compared with the control as showed by Western blot. Cyclin D1 were expressed intensively in IPC group. The results of P-STAT3 were similarly to the Cyclin D1. Cdk4 were expressed intensively in IPC group. There was no difference between both group on STAT3. Conclusion:After 50%-size-graft liver transplantation, IPC can enhance the liver regeneration pathways induced by IL-6 and TNF-α,thus improve the ability of liver regeneration.