Objective:To explore the expression of survivin in bone marrow cells from children with leukemia. Methods:The expression of survivin were detected in 54 children with leukemia and 36 control subjects by RT-PCR. The relationship between the early treatment response and survivin expression was analyzed in all leukemia children. Results:In control sample survivin was not detected,and survivin was detected in 41 leukemia patients. Its positive rate was 79.53%,and expression of survivin in leukemia was significant higher than that of control. Early complete remission rate in survivin positive children with leukemia was significantly lower than that in survivin negative ones. Conclusion:The detection of survivin expression in leukemia might provide a tool for diagnosis,prognosis and MRD of leukemia.