Objective:To investigate the AgNORs’ correlation between peripheral T lymphocyte nucleus and chromosome from the patients with tumor. Methods:Silver straining technique and KL image system were used to detect AgNORs of peripheral T lymphocyte nucleus and chromosome in 74 patients with esophageal carcinoma,68 patients with primary hepatic cancer,and 40 healthy control. The results were expressed in the ratio of silver staining nucleolus area to nucleus area(I.S%) and the chromosome AgNORs counts(AgNORs counts/cell). Results:①The I.S% of AgNORs and the chromosome AgNORs counts in patients with esophageal carcinoma(5.28 ± 0.86,5.64 ± 0.45) and patients with primary hepatic cancer(5.37 ± 0.94,5.75 ± 0.49) were lower than those in healthy control(7.56 ± 0.78,7.35 ± 0.55)(P < 0.01);②There was no statistical difference in I.S% of AgNORs and the chromosome AgNORs counts between patients with esophageal carcinoma and primary hepatic cancer(P > 0.05); ③In patients with esophageal carcinoma, primary hepatic cancer,and the healthy control,the I.S% of AgNORs was positively correlated with the chromosome AgNORs counts. Correlation coefficients were 0.85,0.80 and 0.87,respectively(P < 0.001). Conclusion:The I.S% of AgNORs and the chromosome AgNORs counts in peripheral T lymphocytes can be served as two useful immunologic diagnostic makers,but the former presents a more convenient and credible approach for clinical application than the latter.