Objective:To evaluate the hemodynamic effects of intravenous injection of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure by non-invasive cardiac output monitor. Methods:Eighty-one consecutive patients who suffered from acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure were divided into standard therapy plus rhBNP group(n = 38, 1.5 μg/kg bolus intravenous injection followed by 0.0075 μg/(kg·min) for following 48 hours) and standard therapy group(n = 43). The hemodynamic parameters were monitored by USCOM at baseline, and 0.5,1,3,6,12,24, 48 h during infusion. Results:In rhBNP group, systemic vascular resistance(SVR) was lower than the basic value(P < 0.05), stroke volume(SV), cardiac index(CI), total urine output(UR) was higher than the basic value(P < 0.05) and serum creatinine (CR) was lower than the basic value(P < 0.05); rhBNP group was markedly more effective than conventional treatment group. Conclusion:Intravenous injection of rhBNP combined with other routine treatments can further improve the hemodynamic effects in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure.