Objective:To investigate the pathologic changes of kidney vessels after intra-arterial infusion of pingyangmycin(PYM)or pingyangmycin-lipiodol emulsion(PLE)in dogs. Methods:Thirty-one canis familiaris were divided into control group,PYM group,and PLE group. Right renal arteries were selectively infused with PYM solution (PYM group) or PLE (PLE group) by Seldinger’s technique and selective catherization. The pathologic changes of kidney blood vessels were observed at the following 1,3,7,14,28,56 days of PLE group and 1,7,14 days of PYM group. Results:The lesions of renal vessels in PYM group were slight,characteristics of which was focal mild intima swelling of glomerular capillaries at 1st and 7th day and nearly recovery at 14th day. After PLE treatment within 7 days,fibrinoid necrosis occurred in glomerular capillary loops and tunica media of arterioles,mainly interlobular arteries and afferent glomerular arteriole,companied by thrombosis and inflammational cells infiltration around blood vessel. Since 14th day,proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and fibrosis of vessel wall have increasingly become apparent,ultimately resulting in stenosis and occlusion of damaged arteries. Conclusion:The lesion of renal vessels were earlier and more lasting by PLE renal arterial injection compared with PYM. PLE may be used as one new embolism agent in embolization.