Objective:To evaluate the significance of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and optic nerve head (ONH) measured by RTVue fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) in early diagnosis of glaucoma. Methods:The RNFL thickness and ONH were measured by FD-OCT in 50 patients with glaucoma (76 eyes) and 45 normal subjects(80 eyes) .Comparisons were made between normal and different stages of glaucoma. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves was used to assess the effects of FD-OCT. Results:There were significant differences of RNFL thickness in various quadrants and in mean thickness between normal and glaucomatous groups (P < 0.001). There were significant differences of all ONH parameters between normal and glaucomatous eyes except disc area(P < 0.001).The highest ROC values were mean RNFL thickness, cup/disc vertical ratio, cup/disc area ratio and cup area between normal and all glaucomatous eyes. The highest ROC values were mean RNFL thickness, cup/disc area ratio and cup area between normal and early glaucoma. Conclusion:RTVue FD-OCT may offer comprehensive analysis for RNFL thickness and ONH, which show good diagnostic ability in distinguishing normal from glaucomatous eyes.