Objective:To study the application of 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy in multiple myeloma(MM) bone disease. Methods:99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy and skeletal radiography of 83 newly diagnosed MM patients were analyzed. Results:The positive rate of bone scintigraphy was 88.0%(73/83 cases),and X-ray had a positive rate of 73.3%(55/75 cases),lower than bone scintigraphy. But the positive rate of patients who had multi-site X-ray examination including chest,lumbar and pelvic,had no significant difference(P=0.726)from bone scintigraphy. The positive rate of 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy for rib lesions was higher than that of X-ray(P < 0.01). While the positive rate of X- ray for the skull,pelvic lesions was higher than that of bone scintigraphy(P < 0.01). Conclusion:99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy and multi-site X-ray examination have the similar sensitivity. But scintigraphic images were more sensitive to rib lesions than radiography,while the X-ray was more sensitive in the detection of skull,pelvic lesions. Therefore,the combination of bone scintigraphy and X-ray has obvious benefit to diagnose multiple myeloma. When these two methods do not match each other,CT/MRI can be used to improve the detection rate of MM bone disease.