Objective:To investigate the effect of Resveratrol on oxidative stress and the expression of p27 protein in rat renal mesangial cells (RMCs) under high glucose. Methods:Cultured RMCs were divided into four groups:normal glucose (5.6 mmol/L), normal glucose plus Resveratrol(20 μmol/L), high glucose(30 mmol/L), high glucose plus Resveratrol at 20 μmol/L. After treatment for 72 h, the degree of RMCs hypertrophy was estimated through counting the ratio of the RMCs protein content to the cell number. The protein levels of p27 were detected by Western blot. The levels of malondialdehyde(MDA) in cell supernatant were assayed using chromatometry. The levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS) were detected by flow cytometry. Results:① As compared to the NC group, exposure of rat RMCs to high glucose at concentrations of 30mmol/L caused a significant increase in the levels of MDA and ROS(P < 0.01). The addition of Resveratrol attenuated high glucose- enhanced levels of MDA and ROS(P < 0.05).②As compared to the normal cells, exposure of rat RMCs to high glucose at concentrations of 30mmol/L caused RMCs hypertrophy and a significant increase in the protein levels of p27(P < 0.01). The addition of Resveratrol attenuated RMCs hypertrophy and high glucose-enhanced protein levels of p27(P < 0.05). while no notable difference at the protein levels of p27 was found between the Res and NC group(P > 0.05). Conclusion:Resveratrol may attenuate RMCs hypertrophy through reversing high glucose up-regulating oxidative stress and repressing the expression of p27 in RMCs.