Objective:To explore the features of coronary lesions and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with premature and mature coronary artery disease(CAD). Methods:Total 524 patients who were diagnosed with CAD by coronary angiography(CAG) were divided into pCAD (male <55 year-old,female <65 year-old) and mature CAD. Another 112 patients without CAD diagnosed by CAG were considered as the control group. The risk factors,lipid metabolism levels and the coronary angiographic characteristics among the three groups were statistically analyzed. Results:Among the three groups,the distributions of the female,age,smoking status,father’s history of CAD,mother’s history of high blood pressure,white blood cells(WBC) counts,red blood cells (RBC) counts and creatinine concentration were significantly different(P < 0.05). For the pCAD and mature CAD groups,the distributions of father’s history of CAD,WBC counts,RBC counts and creatinine concentration were significantly different(P < 0.05). Serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) levels in pCAD groups were significantly higher than those in mature CAD group. Most of pCAD patients had one vascular lesion,and the number of patients with serious coronary artery stenosis (>90%) in pCAD group was less than mature CAD group. Multinomial Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking was associated with the increased risk of both pCAD and mature CAD,while female and mother’s hypertension history were associated with the decreased risk of mature CAD. Conclusion:Smoking,positive family history of CAD,dyslipidemia and abnormal hemodynamics might be the possible risk factors of pCAD. The risk factors of pCAD should be prevented comprehensively,especially in female.