Objective:To describe the epidemiological distribution of serum uric acid in children and adolescents,and to provide theoretical basis for early prevention of hyperuricemia-related diseases. Methods:Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select children and adolescents in the age group of 5-15 years in two rural and two urban township schools in Shuyang County,Jiangsu province. With written informed consent,a total number of 1 159 children’s parents were interviewed,and the questionnaire included demographic information,behavior and lifestyles factors. Body height and weight of children were measured by physical examination at the same time of interview. Blood sampling and lab analysis on serum uric acid (UA),fasting glucose (GLU),total cholesterol (TC) and total triglyceride (TG) were conducted among 971 subjects. Results:Significant negative linear correlation was found between UA and GLU (r = -0.11,P = 0.02) among males,whereas no relationship was observed between UA and age,TC,TG and BMI(P > 0.05). For females,UA was observed to be significantly correlated with age and GLU (r = -0.09,P = 0.039;r = 0.13,P = 0.004),but not with TC,TG and BMI(P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that UA elevation was associated with BMI among males,and was associated with age and GLU among females. The corresponding odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were 2.32(1.24~4.35),0.90 (0.84~0.96) and 1.52(1.13~2.04). Conclusion:Age,GLU and BMI might be important determinants of serum UA level of children and adolescents,and have significant differences between males and females.