Objective:To observe the protective effect of anti-LINGO-1 antibody on the motor and sensory axons after mice spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods:Anti-LINGO-1 antibody was administrated by intraperitoneal injection to the mice after a precise 1.1 mm depth dorsal laceration on the 9th thoracic spinal segment was generated by LISA (Louisville injury systems apparatus). Immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence was used to detect the changes of biotin dextran amine(BDA) labeled descending axons and cholera toxin B subunit(CTB) labeled ascending axons. Results:In anti-LINGO-1 antibody treated mice,a few BDA positive fibers grew into or beyond the lesion gap,and then,extended to the caudal white matter. The longest one reached the site of 1.5 mm caudal to the lesion epicenter. At the same time,more CTB positive sensory fibers were found at the edge of lesion gap than the control group,but no CTB positive fibers extended into or beyond the lesion gap. In IgG treated control mice,neither BDA nor CTB positive fibers extended into or beyond the lesion gap. Conclusion:Systemic injection of the anti-LINGO-1 antibody promotes CST axonal regeneration and limits the dying back of CTB labeled sensory axons. The results indicate that severed CST axons have more robust response to anti-LINGO-1 antibody treatment than CTB labeled sensory axons and suggest that anti-LINGO-1 antibody may serve as a new potential drug for the therapeutic study of SCI.