Objective:To discuss the effect of ACE2/angiotensin1-7/Mas receptor axis in renovascular hypertension rat kidney and myocardial hypertrophy of Zofenopril. Methods:Seventy male SD rats weighting 190~210 g were randomly divided into sham operation group(S,n=20) and 2 kidney 1 clip (2K1C) group(n=50). There were 46 rats developed hypertension successfully,and they were randomly divided into 2K1C + distilled water group (K,n=23) and 2K1C+Zofenopril group (Z,n=23). The systolic blood pressure were measured(SBP) by tail artery sleeve method at the end of 4th,8th and 12th week respectively and ultrasonography was taken at the same time. After that,collected the right kidney at the 8th and 12th week respectively,detected the mRNA levels of ACE2 and Mas by RT-PCR,tested the protein expressions of ACE2 and Mas receptor by Western blot. Results:①Compared with the S group,the blood pressure of K group increased remarkablely (P < 0.01) at the end of the 4th,8th and 12th week respectively,and decreased significantly (P < 0.01) after been treated with Zofenoprilat. ②The end-diastolic and end-systolic ventricular septal thickness,left ventricular wall thickness in K group were significantly enhanced compared with S group at the end of the 8th and 12th week respectively (P < 0.01),EF reduced significantly at the 12th week. The front index were decreased (P < 0.01,respectively) and EF enhanced remarkably after been treated with Zofenopril. ③ The mRNA and protein expression of Mas receptor were up-regulated at the 8th week,while down-regulation occurred at the 12th week in K group contrast to S group. After being treated with Zofenopril,they decreased at the 8th week and elevated at the 12th week (P < 0.01,respectively).The mRNA and protein expression of ACE2 were higher in K group in the two periods (P < 0.01,respectively) compared to S group. When treated with Zofenopril,it was reduced remarkably (P < 0.01). Conclusion:We estabished renovascular hypertension model successfully by two kidney one clip method. Zofenopril may significantly reduce the blood pressure and attenuate cardiac hypertrophy of renovascular hypertension rats while inhibiting the down regulation of Mas receptor and impelling the down regulation of ACE2.