Objective:To investigate the effect of arachidonic acid (AA) on follicle development of female mice and explore the relationship between AA and premature ovarian failure. Methods:ICR female mice of 4-week-old were fed with 10% AA. The weight of uterus and ovary,fatty acid analysis of ovaries,histological changes in ovaries were examined after four months. Results:The uterus and ovary weight of the 10% AA group were lower than those of the control group. Fatty acid analysis showed that the n-6/n-3 ratio of ovaries was increased in the 10% AA group. Under optical microscope,ovaries from the 10% AA group showed increased visible ovarian degenerative corpus luteum,interstitial fibrosis and increased proportion of atretic follicles. Conclusion:10% AA can cause obvious ovarian failure in mice.