Objective:To investigate and analyze status of the maternal parenting stress of preschool children in Nanjing and its influencing factors. Methods:We selected 400 preschool children aged 3~6 years old from 6 kindergartens in the main urban area of Nanjing from May to June,2011 by stratified random sampling method. The current situation of maternal parenting stress and its influencing factors were analyzed by a self-designed questionnaire and maternal parenting stress scale. Results:There were no significant differences of the maternal parenting stress scores among the preschool children with different ages (the 3-year-old group,82.86 ± 13.55;the 4-year-old group,86.72 ± 15.92;the 5-year-old group,82.50 ± 12.88;the 6-year-old group,86.12 ± 14.57;F = 2.29,P = 0.08),as well as different sexes (boy,84.88 ± 14.93;girl,84.23 ± 13.95;t = 0.43,P = 0.67). In the 33 factors related to maternal and child health,child care environment and career-related factors of mother,maternal history of abortion (P = 0.041),current health status (P = 0.003),housing conditions (P = 0.010) and workload change (P = 0.022) were significantly associated with maternal parenting stress. Conclusion:The influence of maternal physical and mental health on their parenting stress cannot be ignored. We should not only focused on the physical and mental health of child,but also the mother＇s,in order to promote the child health.