Objective:To evaluate postoperative effect and clinical efficacy on minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF) and open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (Open TLIF) in treatment of one-level lumbar spondylolisthesis diseases. Methods: The papers on one-level lumbar spondylolisthesis diseases published before March 2014 in database of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, CNKI, CBM, VIP were systematically retrieved. For controlled trials, prospective cohort study and retrospective cohort study on the comparison between minimally invasive and traditional open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in treatment of one-level lumbar spondylolisthesis diseases. Revman 5.2 was used for researching and systematically analyzing the clinical indexes of MIS TLIF and Open TLIF, which include operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative and postoperative complications and the last follow-up fusion rate. Results: Through the initial screening, secondary screening and further screening, 8 studies (with 2 randomized controlled studies and 6 cohort studies) involving 866 cases were included for the analysis, with 417 subjects in the MIS TLIF group and 449 in the Open TLIF group. The operation time, intraoperative and postoperative complications, the last follow-up fusion rate, preoperative VAS and ODI scores in the MIS TLIF group showed no statistical difference compared with the Open TLIF (P > 0.05); however, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, last follow-up ODI and VAS scores showed statistical difference (P < 0.05); Conclusion: Compare with Open TLIF, MIS TLIF did not increase the operative time, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and the long-term rate of fusion. In addition, MIS TLIF can reduce the duration of hospitalization and intraoperative blood loss, and meanwhile, early relieve postoperative pain and help functional recovery. These information indicates that MIS TLIF is an ideal treatment for one-level lumbar spondylolisthesis disease.