Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) level,PEDF gene polymorphism in promoter region rs1294385 and microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)of Fujian Han population. Methods:According to urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR),471 T2DM patients were divided into the normal albuminuria group(the NAU group,UACR<30 μg/mg,n=246) and the microalbuminuria group(the MAU group,30 μg/mg≤UACR<300 μg/mg,n=225). The PEDF gene rs1294385 G→A polymorphism was measured based on polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Meanwhile,serum PEDF level,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting insulin(FINS),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood lipid were measured. Results:The level of serum PEDF in the MAU group was significantly higher than that in the NAU group(P < 0.05). According to partial correlation analysis,serum PEDF level was positively related with UACR(P < 0.05). There were significant differences between the frequencies of PEDF gene rs1294385G→A genotype (GG genotype,GA genotype and AA genotype)and allele(G/A)of the NAU group and those of the MAU group(P < 0.05). The risk ratio of GA genotype carriers suffering microalbuminuria was 1.838 times higher than that of GG genotype,while the risk ratio of GA and AA genotype carriers suffering microalbuminuria was 1.862 times higher than that of GG genotype(P < 0.05). Conclusion:Elevation of serum PEDF level is in accordance with the development of microalbuminuria in T2DM patients. Gene polymorphism in promoter region rs1294385 G→A of PEDF gene is closely related with microalbuminuria in T2DM patients of Fujian Han population. Moreover,T2DM patients with carriers of the A allele gene may have a higher risk of suffering from microalbuminuria.