Objective:To evaluate the potential hazards of heavy metal in drinking water in primary and middle school students. Methods:We detected heavy metal elements in residential and school drinking water of primary and middle school students,and assessed risk of 8 kinds of heavy metals (As,Cr,Cd,Pb,Hg,Zn,Sb,Cu) using method recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),and used Monte Carlo simulation method to analyze and evaluate the uncertainty. Results:The annual carcinogenic risks for carcinogenic elements,As,Cr,Cd were 1.6 × 10-6,1.5 × 10-7,1.4 × 10-7,respectively. For non carcinogens (Hg,Pb,Sb,Zn,Cu),the annual carcinogenic risks were 1.0 × 10-10,8.0 × 10-11,6.8 × 10-7,4.0 ×10-11,and 3.9 × 10-9 respectively. The total health risk was 2.5 × 10-6. Conclusion:The health risk of heavy metals caused by drinking water is more than the maximum acceptable risk level (1 × 10-6),and exerts potential adverse effects on health of primary and middle school students. The sensitivity analysis showed that the content of heavy metal elements in drinking water is the main factor affecting the health.