Objective: This article aimed to study the value of tumor abnormal protein (TAP) and serum tumor markers (including CEA, CA125 and CA 15-3) in the evolution of efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). Methods: In this retrospective study, 68 LABC patients received NCT were enrolled. They were classified into pathologic complete response (pCR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) and progression of disease (PD) according to the therapy efficacy (some patients received targeted therapy at the same time). We set group pCR and PR as reaction group, SD and PD as no reaction group. All patients received tests for TAP, CEA, CA125 and CA15-3 before and after NCT. We compared results of these tests and their changes to finds out whether there exists statistical difference between reaction group and no reaction group. Results: In accordance with the comparison among test figures before and after NCT, there were statistical significance in TAP after NCT between two groups (P<0.05). And comparison among the numerical changes showed that there were statistical significance in TAP and CA15-3 before and after NCT. Conclusion: TAP and CA15-3 may play a role in the evolution of NCT efficacy in LABC patients.