Objective：To investigate the effect of hepatitis B virus（HBV）on the HBV associated glomerulone nephritis（HBV-GN）under different alanine aminetransferase（ALT）levels. Methods：A total of 646 HBV-GN patients in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University were analyzed retrospectively. All the selected patients have complete medical records and have undergone renal histopathology. Laboratory tests include：N-acetyl-β-D-glucosidase（NAG），β2 microglobulin（β2M），liver function parameters ALT，renal function parameters creatinine（Cr），blood urea nitrogen（BUN），glomerular filtration rate（GFR）. The HBV loads were measured by quantitative PCR. The distribution of pathological types of 646 HBV-GN was investigated，and the effects of HBV loads on renal function of the HBV-GN and stage of chronic kidney disease under different ALT levels were analyzed. Results：HBV-GN is mainly diffuse membrane hypertrophic nephropathy，accounting for about 60.7%，followed by capillary hyperplastic glomerulonephritis，accounting for about 26.2%，the focal segment glomerulonephritis and mesenteric hyperplastic lesions are rare. In the ALT normal HBV-GN patients group，the effect of HBV on the renal function is minor，while in the ALT abnormal group，the effect is significant，and this difference is obvious in the ALT≥2ULN（upper limit of normal）. With viral load increasing，blood Cr，BUN，24 h urine protein quantification，urine NAG，β2M increased，while GFR decreased（P < 0.05）. In the normal ALT group and the ALT<2ULN group，the viral load has no relationship with chronic kidney disease staging，but in the ALT≥2ULN group the viral load had a significant relationship with the chronic kidney disease staging. Conclusion：In different ALT condition，the effect of HBV on HBV-GN is different. A comprehensive analysis of this phenomenon is conducive to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.