Epidemiological investigation and correlation analysis of myopia in four primary schools in Nanjing during 2010⁃2015
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摘要:
目的：分析并探讨南京市4所小学学生近视流行现状和与屈光相关的眼部生物学参数兼关系，为近视防控提供参考依据。方法：采用随机整群抽样调查方法，抽取南京市4所小学217名一年级学生，开展连续6年的随访研究。结果：随访6年后，小学生近视检出率由基线值6.70%增长至72.63%；中度近视人数在随访期间逐年增多，中度近视构成比由基线值8.33%增长至52.31%；随访初期167名非近视屈光群体中，有124名在随访期间发展为近视，其中3~4、5~6年级为近视高发期；随访期间，轴率比（axial length / corneal radius of curvature，AL/CRC）由基线数值2.89 ± 0.08增至3.13 ± 0.14（P值＜0.05）；等效球镜度（spherical equivalent refraction，SER）与最小分辨角对数（logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution，logMAR）视力、AL和AL/CRC（1年级除外）具有明显相关性（P值均＜0.05）。结论：南京市4所小学学生的近视检出率随年级逐渐升高，其中中度近视构成比增加最为显著；3~4、5~6年级为近视发病高峰阶段；SER与logMAR视力、AL和AL/CRC均存在相关性，其中AL/CRC可考虑作为近视筛查的评估指标。
Abstract:
Objective：This study aims to provide basis for prevention and control of myopia by analyzing the prevalence of myopia and refraction-related ocular biological parameters of teenagers in 4 primary schools in Nanjing. Methods：By using random cluster sampling method，217 first-grade students from 4 primary schools in Nanjing were selected to carry out a follow-up study for 6 consecutive years. Results：After 6 years of follow-up，the prevalence rate of myopia increased from 6.70% to 72.63%. The number of moderate myopia increased gradually. The proportion of moderate myopia increased from 8.33% to 52.31%. there were 124 of 167 non-myopia students at baseline developing into myopia during the 6 years，and students in grade 3 to 4 or grade 5 to 6 have a higher incidence rate. AL/CRC increased from 2.89±0.08 to 3.13±0.14（P＜0.05）. SER was correlated with logMAR，AL and AL/CRC（Except for grade 1）（P＜0.05）. Conclusion：The prevalence rate of myopia increases gradually in 4 primary schools in Nanjing，and the moderate myopia increases dramatically. Grade 3 to 4 and grade 5 to 6 are the peak stages of myopia. SER correlates with logMAR，AL and AL/CRC. AL/CRC can acts as an evaluation index for myopia screening.
