With the development of China’s medical and health undertakings，it puts forward higher requirements on the indicators of in-vitro diagnostic technique such as sensitivity，limit of detection and analysis speed. However，traditional in-vitro diagnostic techniques are increasingly unable to meet this certain requirement. In the meanwhile，nanomaterial-based in-vitro diagnostic techniques with high sensitivity and analysis speed has increasingly attracted the attention from researchers. In this review，we will introduce this area by summarizing commonly used nanomaterials and the basic principles of the nanomaterial-based methods including gold-nanoparticle-labeling techniques，nanoPCR，nanopore sequencing，bio-barcode assay，etc，as well as their applications in protein or nucleic acid in-vitro analysis.