Objective：To explore the risk factors of the central nervous system recurrence in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Methods：Retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 426 children with ALL treated in our hospital from January 2013 to July 2018. The subjects were divided into two groups according to different treatment plan and clinical characteristics to compare the recurrence rate of the central nervous system，and to analyze the risk factors of central recurrence and the poor prognostic factors of children with recurrence. Results：①The central recurrence rate of Children treated with CCCG-ALL-2015 scheme（scheme 2015）was lower than that of children treated with diagnosis and treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia（scheme 2006）（P < 0.01）；②The central recurrence rate of children with male，leukocyte count≥50×109/L and T-ALL was significantly higher（P < 0.05）；③Logistic regression analysis suggested that leukocyte count≥50×109/L and T-ALL were independent risk factors of central recurrence（P < 0.05）；④K-M survival analysis showed that the overall survival rate of children with hormone induced peripheral blood immature cell count≥1×109/L and platelet count≤20×109/L was lower（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：Scheme 2015 effectively reduced central recurrence compared with scheme 2006. The risk factors of the 2015 regimen were the same as those of the 2006 regimen，and the prevention of central recurrence should be strengthened in the cases with central recurrence risk factors.