Objective：This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanism of urocalum on the formation of kidney calcium oxalate stones. Methods：A rat model with renal calcium oxalate stone was constructed. Urocalum was intervened in this model for four weeks and renal samples were collected for HE staining，while urine samples were collected for the examination of biochemical components. In addition，autophagy and apoptotic key proteins were detected in renal tissues. A model of calcium oxalate stone cells was constructed by calcium oxalate crystallization in tubular epithelial cells. The cell model was treated with urocalum to explore the protective effect and molecular mechanism of urocalum on renal tubular epithelial cells. Results：The number of calcium oxalate stones was significantly increased compared to the control group. Whereas，urocalum could significantly inhibit the formation of stones，which may be associated with reducing oxidative stress levels，autophagy and apoptosis levels. In the cell model，α-sulphpoic acid can significantly inhibit the renal cell oxidative stress process induced by calcium oxalate crystallization，and both cell autophagy and apoptosis levels were activated after oxidative stress. Urocalum can also inhibit the oxidative stress process，while the phosphorylation of MPAK signaling pathway was significantly reduced and levels of autophagy and apoptosis were remarkably lowered. Conclusion：Urocalum can significantly inhibit the formation of renal calcium oxalate stones，and attenuate the oxidative stress process induced by calcium oxalate crystallization，and significantly reduce autophagy and apoptosis through the MAPK signaling pathway.