Objective：This study aims to explore the possible targets of cognitive impairment in children with childhood absence epilepsy（CAE） by analyzing the changes of white matter fiber integrity in children with CAE. Methods：From November 2011 to November 2020，there were 29 children with CAE，11 males and 18 females，with an average age of 8.4±1.9 years，from Nanjing Children’s Hospital or Nanjing Brain Hospital；and 24 healthy children were matched in age and sex，9 males and 15 females，with an average age of 7.9±1.4 years old. The DTI and T1 data of all subjects were collected by Siemens 3.0T MRI. Twenty white matter fiber bundles were extracted by AFQ，and the fractional anisotropy（FA） and mean diffusivity（MD） values on 100 equal sub-nodes of each fiber bundle were extracted. The differences between CAE group and control group in each node were compared. The statistical methods were independent sample t-test and multiple comparison correction. Result：The FA decreased and MD increased in most fiber bundle nodes of CAE children，especially in uncinate and arcuate. Conclusion：The study suggests that there is a change of white matter fiber bundle integrity in children with CAE，especially in uncinate and arcuate. The damage of uncinate and arcuate is the main targets of cognitive impairment in CAE.