Objective:To analyse the cause of rising maternal cesarean section rate and its influencing factors in Nanjing city. Methods:Cluster sampling was used to collect 4 793 parturient women choosing cesarean section in Nanjing Maternity and Child Care Hospital from January to December,2011 and questionnaire was used to the maternal and their family members. Results:In the indications of cesarean section,social psychology factors accounted for 69.27%,economic factors (family income and health insurance,etc) accounted for 17.24%,medical indications factors accounted for 13.49%. Maternal choosing cesarean section with highly educated or high income or high aged was significantly more than the normal cesarean delivery mothers (P < 0.01). Many factors Logistic regression showed that the related risk factors of choosing cesarean section are:age,education level,family income,medical insurance,marital status,maternal and family psychological intervention. Conclusion:The following measures should be helpful to reduce cesarean section rate:paying attention to delivery knowledge education and perinatal care to parturient women,strengthening the screening of high-risk groups and standardized management,widely conducting painless delivery and hospital services,exactly grasping the cesarean section indications and opportunity.