Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality in the world, of which non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）accounts for about 85% of lung cancer. The traditional treatment of NSCLC is mainly surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy. The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors makes the treatment of lung cancer into the era of immunotherapy. This article will focus on the mechanism of immunotherapy, the new progress of immune checkpoints, the immunotherapy of advanced NSCLC and the latest research progress of immunotherapy of locally advanced NSCLC.