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通讯作者:

马成龙,E-mail:machenglong2018@foxmail.com

中图分类号:R734.2

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1007-4368(2023)03-319-07

DOI:10.7655/NYDXBNS20230304

参考文献 1
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参考文献 4
WANG Q,HUANG W R,CHIH W Y,et al.Cdc20 and molecular chaperone CCT2 and CCT5 are required for the Muscovy duck reovirus p10.8 ⁃ induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis[J].Vet Microbiol,2019,235:151-163
参考文献 5
TAKESHI S,HU Y F,KOHSUKE K,et al.Assembly and remodeling of viral DNA and RNA replicons regulated by cellular molecular chaperones[J].Biophys Rev,2018,10(2):445-452
参考文献 6
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参考文献 7
GUEST S T,KRATCHE Z R,BOLLIG ⁃FISCHER A,et al.Two members of the TRiC chaperonin complex,CCT2 and TCP1 are essential for survival of breast cancer cells and are linked to driving oncogenes[J].Exp Cell Res,2015.332(2):223-35
参考文献 8
PARK S H,JEONG S,KIM B R,et al.Activating CCT2 triggers Gli ⁃ 1 activation during hypoxic condition in colorectal cancer[J].Oncogene,2020,39(1):136-150
参考文献 9
CARTER B W,LICHTENBERGER J P,BENVENISTE M K,et al.Revisions to the TNM staging of lung cancer:ra⁃ tionale,significance,and clinical application[J].Radio⁃ graphics,2018,38(2):374-391
参考文献 10
AHN S,LEE Y,KIM J W,et al.Programmed cell death li⁃ gand ⁃ 1(PD ⁃ L1)expression in extrahepatic biliary tract cancers:a comparative study using 22C3,SP263 and E1L3N anti⁃PD⁃L1 antibodies[J].Histopathology,2019,75(4):526-536
参考文献 11
YAO L,ZOU X,LIU L.The TCP1 ring complex is associ⁃ ated with malignancy and poor prognosis in hepatocellu⁃ lar carcinoma[J].Int J Clin Exp Pathol,2019,12(9):3329-3343
参考文献 12
GAO H,ZHENG M,SUN S,et al.Chaperonin contain⁃ ingTCP1 subunit 5 is a tumor associated antigen of nons⁃ mall cell lung cancer[J].Oncotarget,2017,8(38):64170-64179
参考文献 13
盖领,茅国新,吴锦伟,等.CCT8在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其临床意义[J].实用医学杂志,2018,34(7):1064-1067
参考文献 14
AZIZAN N,HAYATI F,TIZENN N M S,et al.Role of co⁃ expression of estrogen receptor beta and Ki67 in prostate adenocarcinoma[J].Investig Clin Urol,2018,59(4):232-237
参考文献 15
NIAZI M K K,TAVOLARA T E,AROLE V,et al.Identi⁃ fying tumor in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms from Ki67 images using transfer learning[J].PLoS One,2018,13(4):0195621
目录contents

    摘要

    目的:探讨CCT2(chaperonin containning TCP1,subunit 2)在人肺腺癌中的表达、对肺腺癌细胞增殖、迁移生物学功能的影响及其与患者临床特征的关系。方法:通过TCGA和GTEx数据库分析在肺腺癌组织及正常肺组织样本中CCT2的表达差异,生存分析评价其表达水平与患者预后的关系。免疫组织化学法分别检测CCT2、Ki-67在72例肺腺癌组织中的表达水平,并分析其表达水平与临床病理特征之间的相关性。采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)、Western blot检测CCT2在肺腺癌细胞中的表达情况;A549、H1650、H1299细胞株分别转染siRNA,分为si-NC组和si-CCT2组,qRT-PCR、Western blot验证转染效率,CCK-8实验检测肺腺癌细胞增殖能力,细胞划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力。结果:基于TCGA数据库的肺腺癌数据分析表明,与正常肺组织相比,肺腺癌组织中 CCT2 的表达水平更高,CCT2 的高表达与肺腺癌患者的总体生存率降低相关(P< 0.05)。qRT-PCR、Western blot检测显示,CCT2在肺腺癌细胞中高表达,免疫组化显示CCT2的表达与Ki-67表达呈正相关(P< 0.05)。CCK-8实验检测结果显示,A549、H1650细胞在转染siRNA 48 h后,相比si-NC组,si-CCT2组细胞增殖能力降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。细胞划痕实验结果显示,A549、H1650细胞在转染siRNA 24 h后,si-CCT2组细胞的迁移率低于si-NC 组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:CCT2在肺腺癌细胞和组织中表达水平增加,敲低其表达可减弱A549、H1650肺腺癌细胞的增殖及迁移。

    Abstract

    Objective:The current study aims to explore the biological function of CCT2(chaperonin containning TCP1,subunit 2) in human lung adenocarcinoma. Methods:The expression divergence of CCT2 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and normal lung tissue samples were analyzed from TCGA and GTEx database. The relationship between the expression level of CCT2 and the patient’s prognosis was evaluated through survival analysis. The expression of CCT2 in lung adenocarcinoma cells was measured by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction(qRT-PCR)and Western blot. CCT2 siRNA was transfected into cell strains(A549,H1650 or H1299)respectively,which were divided into Group si - NC(negative control group)and Group si - CCT2(transfection group). Transfection efficiency was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The proliferation ability of lung adenocarcinoma cell was tested by CCK-8. The cellular migration ability was detected by wound-healing experiment. The expression levels of CCT2 and Ki-67 in 72 cases of lung adenocarcinoma tissues were detected with immunohistochemical method,and the correlation between their expression levels and clinical pathology features were analyzed. Results:The results showed that,compared with normal lung tissues,the expression level of CCT2 in lung adenocarcinoma tissue was higher,which was related to low overall survival rate of lung adenocarcinoma patients (P<0.05). According to qPCR and Western blot test,CCT2 highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma cell,and the immunohistochemistry result showed that the CCT2 expression was positively correlated with the Ki-67 expression(P<0.05). CCK-8 test results showed that the proliferation ability of A549 and H1650 cells in si-CCT2 group was significantly lower than that in the si- NC group 48 hours after siRNA transfection(P < 0.05). The results of cell scratch test showed that the migration rate of A549 and H1650 cells in the si-CCT2 group was lower than that in the si-NC group 24 hours after siRNA transfection(P < 0.05). Conclusion: The expression levels of CCT2 in lung adenocarcinoma cells and tissues increases. Knocking down its expression can inhibit the proliferation and migration of A549 and H1650 lung adenocarcinoma cells.

    关键词

    肺腺癌CCT2增殖迁移

  • 肺腺癌是非小细胞肺癌的主要组织学类型,近年来,肺腺癌的发病率增长明显快于肺鳞癌,约占肺癌的40%[1]。由于肺腺癌起病隐匿,大部分肺腺癌患者确诊时已经处于晚期,5年生存率不足20%[2]。尽管目前肺腺癌的化疗、放疗、靶向治疗和免疫治疗研究进展迅速,但 5 年生存率仍然相对较低[3]。因此,最重要的是研究肺腺癌发生、发展的潜在机制,探寻诊断和治疗的基因靶标。

  • 含伴侣素的无尾复合多肽(the chaperonin con⁃ taining tailless complex polypeptide,CCT)蛋白是一类含T 复合多肽1(T⁃complex polypeptide,TCP⁃1)的伴侣蛋白,是真核细胞胞质中唯一的伴侣素分子,参与约10%的蛋白质折叠[4]。分子伴侣家族是一类在细胞内能够协助其他多肽进行折叠、组装、转运、降解的蛋白,并在DNA的复制、转录、细胞骨架功能、细胞内信号转导等方面发挥着重要功能[5]。CCT属于 Ⅱ型伴侣素,是目前真核细胞胞浆中发现的唯一伴侣素,伴侣素与包括癌症在内的多种疾病有关[6]。 CCT2(chaperonin containning TCP1,subunit2)是CCT 家族中的一个分子亚型,越来越多的研究报道CCT2 在乳腺癌中异常表达,介导乳腺癌细胞增殖,并决定乳腺癌患者的预后[7]。在大肠癌中,乏氧环境促进 CCT2与胶质瘤相关癌基因同源物⁃2(glioma associ⁃ ated oncogene homolog2,GLI⁃2)相互作用,调节蛋白质的折叠,影响患者的预后,抑制CCT2可抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖和侵袭[8],但 CCT2 在肺癌中尚未见报道。本研究通过免疫组化检测肺腺癌细胞和肺腺癌组织中CCT2的表达,并分析其与肺腺癌临床病理学特征的关系,研究CCT2对肺腺癌发生、发展及预后的影响,为寻找肺腺癌治疗的新靶点提供新思路。

  • 1 材料和方法

  • 1.1 材料

  • Trizol 试剂、逆转录试剂盒、SYBR® Green Mix (南京维诺赞生物科技有限公司),CCT2 siRNA(上海吉玛公司),Lipo⁃fectamineTM 2000(英杰生命技术有限公司,美国),CCK⁃8溶液、RIPA裂解液及BCA 试剂(上海碧云天公司),兔抗CCT2、GAPDH抗体、鼠抗兔二抗(Abcam公司,美国)。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 1.2.1 数据库分析

  • GEPIA 网站(http://gepia2.cancer⁃pku.cn/#help) 包括癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA)数据库和基因型⁃组织表达(Genotype⁃Tissue Expression,GTEx)数据库,这两个数据库分别含有癌症患者的基因表达数据和正常人体组织的基因表达数据。使用该网站对TCGA 数据库和GTEx 数据库中483例肺腺癌患者的数据和正常组织数据进行汇总分析,比较肺腺癌组织和正常组织中 CCT2 表达的差异,并使用 Kaplan⁃Meier 方法分析肺腺癌患者的总生存率。

  • 1.2.2 免疫组化检测

  • 选取2018年3月—2019年12月江阴市人民医院病理科收集的72例Ⅰ~Ⅳ期肺腺癌手术标本,本研究经过江阴市人民医院伦理委员会审核批准。入选标准:①患者未进行放化疗;②患者没有其他恶性肿瘤。根据国际抗癌联盟TNM分期第八版对患者进行分期[9]。所有标本均经4% 甲醛溶液固定,常规石蜡包埋,4 μm 厚切片。每个标本切片3张,分为阳性对照和空白对照。组织切片在70℃烘箱中烘烤,置于二甲苯、乙醇中分别脱蜡,切片放入柠檬酸盐缓冲液(pH 6.0)用电磁炉进行抗原修复,加一抗(CCT2,1∶250),4℃湿盒内过夜,加与一抗相对应的二抗,37℃孵育 30 min,DAB 显色,苏木精复染, 1%盐酸分化,碳酸锂返蓝,乙醇梯度脱水,二甲苯脱水,烤箱烘干,中性树胶封片。由两位资深病理医师在双盲法下独立计数,根据染色程度进行评分。-:细胞基本不着色;+:细胞染色阳性百分比≤ 10%或细胞染色呈弱阳性且所占百分比≤30%;++:细胞染色强度中等到强阳性,阳性染色细胞百分比10 %~30%,或者染色强度弱到中等,但阳性染色细胞百分比为 30%~50%;+++:染色强阳性细胞≥ 30%,或者阳性染色细胞百分比≥50%[10]。为了确定 CCT2表达是否与临床病理特征相关以及与Ki⁃67表达的相关性,将所有肺腺癌患者分为 CCT2 高表达组和低表达组、Ki⁃67高表达组和低表达组(染色强度-、+为低表达,++、+++为高表达)。

  • 1.2.3 细胞培养及转染

  • 人肺腺癌细胞A549、H1650、H1299和人肺上皮 BEAS⁃2B 细胞购自中国科学院细胞库。细胞培养条件:RPMI 1640培养基、RPMI DMEM培养基、10% 胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS)(Gibco 公司,美国),置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中孵育。收集对数生长期的A549、H1299、H1650细胞进行转染实验,以 1×104 个/孔的密度接种于6孔细胞板,常规培养24 h,分为 si ⁃ NC 组和 si ⁃ CCT2 组,参照 LipofectamineTM 2000试剂盒说明书步骤操作,放置培养箱中继续培养24 h,收集各组细胞利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT⁃ PCR)和Western blot法检测转染效率。

  • 1.2.4 逆转录⁃聚合酶链反应(qRT⁃PCR)

  • 采用 Trizol 试剂分别提取人肺腺癌 A549、 H1299、H1650 细胞和人肺上皮 BEAS⁃2B 细胞株的总 RNA,进行逆转录合成 cDNA。扩增系统如下: cDNA 1 μL,上游和下游引物各 0.4 μL,2× Trans ⁃ Script® Tip Green qPCR Super Mix 10 μL,50× Pas⁃ sive Reference染料0.4 μL,无RNA酶水补充至20 μL。设计正、反向引物(表1),引物合成和测序由上海生工生物公司完成。PCR反应条件为:95℃预变性3 min; 95℃变性15 s,62℃退火10 s,共进行40个循环。

  • 表1 PCR引物的信息

  • Table1 Information of PCR primers

  • 1.2.5 Western blot实验

  • 收集细胞,PBS 洗涤 2 次,去除上清,每个样品加入 100 μL RIPA 裂解液+ 1 μL 苯甲基磺酰氟 (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride,PMSF)后放置冰上 30 min,每隔 10 min 摇匀 1 次,然后在 12 000 r/min、 4℃离心 15 min,收集上清并用二喹啉甲酸(bicin⁃ choninic acid,BCA)试剂盒检测其蛋白浓度。每100 μL样品加入25 μL 5×SDS⁃PAGE蛋白上样缓冲液,摇匀后 100℃变性 5~10 min。将蛋白样品进行 PAGE 电泳,湿转至甲醇浸润过的聚偏二氟乙烯 (polyvinylidene fluoride,PVDF)膜上。用50 g/L脱脂奶粉封闭1.5 h,用含吐温⁃20的PBS洗膜3次,每次 10 min,加入兔抗 CCT2(1∶20 000)、兔抗 GAPDH (1∶10 000)4℃摇床过夜;去除一抗液,用 PBST 洗膜3次,每次10 min,加入二抗羊抗兔IgG(1∶5 000),室温孵育1.5 h,洗涤后采用化学发光法曝光。

  • 1.2.6 CCK⁃8增殖实验

  • 用胰蛋白酶消化对数生长期的肺腺癌细胞,制成单细胞悬液,调整细胞密度为 2×104 个/mL。取 100 μL细胞悬液接种到96孔板中,每孔设置6个复孔,继续培养 24 h 后进行细胞转染,分为 si⁃NC 组 (阴性对照组)和 si⁃CCT2 组(转染组),分别在转染 0、24、48 h时终止培养,每孔加入CCK⁃8试剂10 μL 后继续放入培养箱孵育2 h,最后在酶标仪上测各孔 450 nm波长处的吸光度值,绘制细胞生长曲线。

  • 1.2.7 细胞划痕实验

  • 取对数生长期的肺腺癌细胞,胰酶消化并以 3×105 个/孔的密度接种到6孔板中,放置培养箱中孵育 24 h,用 200 μL 枪头在每孔中间划线,然后吸尽培养基,用磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered saline, PBS)洗涤 2 遍,每孔加入含 1%FBS 的 RPMI1640 培养基,分别在0、24 h时置于显微镜下拍照。

  • 1.3 统计学方法

  • 实时荧光定量 PCR 结果采用 2-ΔCT进行分析。采用SPSS 21.0和GraphPad Prism 8.0软件对数据进行统计分析和绘图。计量资料采用均数±标准差(x-±s)表示,两组间比较采用两独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用方差分析(ANOVA);计数资料采用频数表示,两组间比较采用χ2 检验,不满足χ2 检验的条件时采用Fisher精确概率法,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 CCT2与肺腺癌预后的相关性分析

  • 首先利用GEPIA网站分析了TCGA数据库中肺腺癌患者和 GTEx 数据库中正常人体组织中 CCT2 的表达。在肺腺癌患者中,CCT2的表达水平显著高于正常组织(图1A),CCT2高表达肺腺癌患者的总体生存率低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,图1B),分期越晚CCT2表达水平越高(图1C),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。这表明CCT2可能是评价肺腺癌患者预后的指标之一。

  • 图1 肺腺癌患者中CCT2的表达及其对预后的影响

  • Figure1 Expression of CCT2 in lung adenocarcinoma patients and its prognostic significance

  • 2.2 CCT2在肺腺癌组织中表达及与患者临床病理特征之间的关系

  • 免疫组化结果显示CCT2在人肺腺癌组织中高表达,主要定位于细胞浆,染色呈棕黄色;Ki⁃67在肺腺癌中高表达,主要表达在细胞核中,染色呈棕黄或棕褐色(图2A)。根据CCT2在肺腺癌组织中的表达水平,将其分为高表达组和低表达组,分析CCT2 的表达与肺腺癌患者临床病理学特征之间的关系。结果显示CCT2的表达强度与肺腺癌患者Ki⁃67 的表达有关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与患者性别、组织分化程度、T分期、N分期、TNM分期无关 (表2)。

  • 2.3 CCT2在肺腺癌细胞株中高表达

  • Western blot检测发现,CCT2在人肺腺癌A549、H1650、H1299 细胞中的表达水平高于人肺上皮 BEAS⁃2B 细胞的表达水平(图2B)。qRT⁃PCR 检测发现,A549、H1650、H1299细胞中的CCT2 mRNA的相对表达水平都高于BEAS⁃2B细胞(图2C)。

  • 图2 CCT2在肺腺癌细胞株和组织中高表达

  • Figure2 CCT2 is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and tissues

  • 表2 肺腺癌患者临床病理特征与CCT2表达的关系

  • Table2 Relationship between clinical pathological features and CCT2 expression in patients with lung adenocarcinoma

  • 2.4 RT ⁃ PCR、Western blot 验证 si ⁃CCT2 对 A549、 H1650、H1299的敲低效率

  • 将si⁃NC、si⁃CCT2转染A549、H1650、H1299后,在 mRNA 水平检测敲低效率,结果显示 3 条候选 si⁃CCT2均可抑制A549、H1650、H1299细胞中CCT2 的表达(图3A~C),在蛋白水平检测敲低效率,结果显示si⁃CCT2(679)均可抑制A549、H1650、H1299细胞中CCT2的表达(图3D)。综合上述抑制效率,选择 si⁃CCT2(679)进行转染完成后续的生物学功能实验。

  • 2.5 敲低CCT2后可有效抑制A549、H1650的增殖

  • 采用CCK⁃8实验检测转染si⁃CCT2后细胞的增殖能力,敲低 CCT2 48 h 后可明显抑制 A549 和 H1650 细胞的增殖(P<0.001,图4A、B),不能抑制 H1299细胞的增殖(图4C)。

  • 图3 RT⁃PCR、Western blot验证CCT2转染效率

  • Figure3 CCT2 transfection efficiency verified by RT⁃PCR and Western blot

  • 图4 敲低CCT2后对A549、H1650、H1299细胞增殖的影响

  • Figure4 Effect of knocking down CCT2 on proliferation of A549,H1650 and H1299 cells

  • 2.6 敲低CCT2抑制了A549、H1650、H1299细胞的迁移

  • 利用细胞划痕实验检测A549、H1650、H1299转染si⁃RNA 24 h后细胞的迁移率,结果显示在A549、 H1650 细胞中,si⁃CCT2 组细胞的迁移率低于 si⁃NC 组(图5),差异有统计学意义。

  • 3 讨论

  • CCT2是CCT家族中的一个分子亚型,参与蛋白正确折叠,调控细胞生存和增殖,越来越多的研究报道 CCT 家族基因与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。如在肝癌中,CCT2、CCT3、CCT4、CCT5、CCT6A、CCT7、CCT8高表达,且与Myc靶基因和细胞周期特别是G1/S过渡的异常调节有关[11]。CCT5在肺腺癌组织中表达明显升高,且主要定位于肿瘤细胞质,可在血清中诱导自身抗体应答[12]。CCT8在非小细胞肺癌中高表达,CCT8的表达与Ki⁃67表达水平呈正相关,与组织学分级、临床分期、淋巴结转移状态相关[13]。如上述,CCT家族基因在肺癌中已有一些相关研究,但除CCT5和CCT8外,其余CCT家族基因在肺腺癌中表达及预后情况仍未清晰,值得深入探讨。

  • 图5 敲低CCT2后对A549、H1650、H1299细胞迁移的影响

  • Figure5 Effects of knocking down CCT2 on the migration of A549,H1650 and H1299 cells

  • 本研究通过数据库分析发现CCT2在肺腺癌患者中表达水平显著高于正常组织,且 CCT2 高表达的肺腺癌患者总体生存率低。此外发现3种肺腺癌细胞系中CCT2蛋白、mRNA的表达水平均上调,敲低 CCT2 后可减弱 A549、H1650 肺腺癌细胞的增殖和迁移能力,但对 H1299 肺腺癌细胞株增殖、迁移无明显影响。免疫组化发现CCT2在人肺腺癌中高表达,并与Ki⁃67呈正相关。Ki⁃67是判断细胞增殖能力的重要指标,其阳性表达率与肿瘤细胞增殖活跃程度密切相关[14]。因 Ki⁃67 的半衰期短,临床上已将其作为评估肿瘤风险的重要指标,用于判断肿瘤的进展、恶性程度等,具有重要的生物学及临床意义[15]。所以推测CCT2可能通过干扰细胞周期从而加速细胞分裂,最终导致肺腺癌的发生,具体机制需进一步实验加以验证。本研究发现CCT2并不能抑制所有肺腺癌细胞株的增殖和迁移,因此在以后的研究中,将进一步分析 CCT2 在不同肺腺癌细胞中的分子功能及具体机制,从而为肺腺癌的精准诊治提供新依据。

  • 总之,本研究结果表明肺腺癌中CCT2表达水平增加,降低CCT2的表达水平可抑制肺腺癌细胞的增殖和迁移,并且CCT2在肺腺癌组织中高表达,与肺腺癌的不良预后密切相关。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] SHI J,HUA X,ZHU B,et al.Somatic genomics and clini⁃ cal features of lung adenocarcinoma:a retrospective study [J].PLoS Med,2016,13(12):1002162

    • [2] LIN J J,CARDARELLA S,LYDON C A,et al.Five⁃year survival in EGFR⁃mutant metastatic lung adenocarcinoma treated with EGFR ⁃ TKIs[J].J Thorac Oncol,2016,11(4):556-565

    • [3] QI L,LI Y,QIN Y,et al.An individualised signature for predicting response with concordant survival benefit for lung adenocarcinoma patients receiving platinum ⁃ based chemotherapy[J].Br J Cancer,2016,115(12):1513-1519

    • [4] WANG Q,HUANG W R,CHIH W Y,et al.Cdc20 and molecular chaperone CCT2 and CCT5 are required for the Muscovy duck reovirus p10.8 ⁃ induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis[J].Vet Microbiol,2019,235:151-163

    • [5] TAKESHI S,HU Y F,KOHSUKE K,et al.Assembly and remodeling of viral DNA and RNA replicons regulated by cellular molecular chaperones[J].Biophys Rev,2018,10(2):445-452

    • [6] YU Z,WANG H,FANG Y,et al.Molecular chaperone HspB2 inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation via activating p53 downstream gene RPRM,BAI1,and TSAP6 [J].J Cell Biochem,2020,121(3):2318-2329

    • [7] GUEST S T,KRATCHE Z R,BOLLIG ⁃FISCHER A,et al.Two members of the TRiC chaperonin complex,CCT2 and TCP1 are essential for survival of breast cancer cells and are linked to driving oncogenes[J].Exp Cell Res,2015.332(2):223-35

    • [8] PARK S H,JEONG S,KIM B R,et al.Activating CCT2 triggers Gli ⁃ 1 activation during hypoxic condition in colorectal cancer[J].Oncogene,2020,39(1):136-150

    • [9] CARTER B W,LICHTENBERGER J P,BENVENISTE M K,et al.Revisions to the TNM staging of lung cancer:ra⁃ tionale,significance,and clinical application[J].Radio⁃ graphics,2018,38(2):374-391

    • [10] AHN S,LEE Y,KIM J W,et al.Programmed cell death li⁃ gand ⁃ 1(PD ⁃ L1)expression in extrahepatic biliary tract cancers:a comparative study using 22C3,SP263 and E1L3N anti⁃PD⁃L1 antibodies[J].Histopathology,2019,75(4):526-536

    • [11] YAO L,ZOU X,LIU L.The TCP1 ring complex is associ⁃ ated with malignancy and poor prognosis in hepatocellu⁃ lar carcinoma[J].Int J Clin Exp Pathol,2019,12(9):3329-3343

    • [12] GAO H,ZHENG M,SUN S,et al.Chaperonin contain⁃ ingTCP1 subunit 5 is a tumor associated antigen of nons⁃ mall cell lung cancer[J].Oncotarget,2017,8(38):64170-64179

    • [13] 盖领,茅国新,吴锦伟,等.CCT8在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其临床意义[J].实用医学杂志,2018,34(7):1064-1067

    • [14] AZIZAN N,HAYATI F,TIZENN N M S,et al.Role of co⁃ expression of estrogen receptor beta and Ki67 in prostate adenocarcinoma[J].Investig Clin Urol,2018,59(4):232-237

    • [15] NIAZI M K K,TAVOLARA T E,AROLE V,et al.Identi⁃ fying tumor in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms from Ki67 images using transfer learning[J].PLoS One,2018,13(4):0195621

  • 参考文献

    • [1] SHI J,HUA X,ZHU B,et al.Somatic genomics and clini⁃ cal features of lung adenocarcinoma:a retrospective study [J].PLoS Med,2016,13(12):1002162

    • [2] LIN J J,CARDARELLA S,LYDON C A,et al.Five⁃year survival in EGFR⁃mutant metastatic lung adenocarcinoma treated with EGFR ⁃ TKIs[J].J Thorac Oncol,2016,11(4):556-565

    • [3] QI L,LI Y,QIN Y,et al.An individualised signature for predicting response with concordant survival benefit for lung adenocarcinoma patients receiving platinum ⁃ based chemotherapy[J].Br J Cancer,2016,115(12):1513-1519

    • [4] WANG Q,HUANG W R,CHIH W Y,et al.Cdc20 and molecular chaperone CCT2 and CCT5 are required for the Muscovy duck reovirus p10.8 ⁃ induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis[J].Vet Microbiol,2019,235:151-163

    • [5] TAKESHI S,HU Y F,KOHSUKE K,et al.Assembly and remodeling of viral DNA and RNA replicons regulated by cellular molecular chaperones[J].Biophys Rev,2018,10(2):445-452

    • [6] YU Z,WANG H,FANG Y,et al.Molecular chaperone HspB2 inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation via activating p53 downstream gene RPRM,BAI1,and TSAP6 [J].J Cell Biochem,2020,121(3):2318-2329

    • [7] GUEST S T,KRATCHE Z R,BOLLIG ⁃FISCHER A,et al.Two members of the TRiC chaperonin complex,CCT2 and TCP1 are essential for survival of breast cancer cells and are linked to driving oncogenes[J].Exp Cell Res,2015.332(2):223-35

    • [8] PARK S H,JEONG S,KIM B R,et al.Activating CCT2 triggers Gli ⁃ 1 activation during hypoxic condition in colorectal cancer[J].Oncogene,2020,39(1):136-150

    • [9] CARTER B W,LICHTENBERGER J P,BENVENISTE M K,et al.Revisions to the TNM staging of lung cancer:ra⁃ tionale,significance,and clinical application[J].Radio⁃ graphics,2018,38(2):374-391

    • [10] AHN S,LEE Y,KIM J W,et al.Programmed cell death li⁃ gand ⁃ 1(PD ⁃ L1)expression in extrahepatic biliary tract cancers:a comparative study using 22C3,SP263 and E1L3N anti⁃PD⁃L1 antibodies[J].Histopathology,2019,75(4):526-536

    • [11] YAO L,ZOU X,LIU L.The TCP1 ring complex is associ⁃ ated with malignancy and poor prognosis in hepatocellu⁃ lar carcinoma[J].Int J Clin Exp Pathol,2019,12(9):3329-3343

    • [12] GAO H,ZHENG M,SUN S,et al.Chaperonin contain⁃ ingTCP1 subunit 5 is a tumor associated antigen of nons⁃ mall cell lung cancer[J].Oncotarget,2017,8(38):64170-64179

    • [13] 盖领,茅国新,吴锦伟,等.CCT8在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其临床意义[J].实用医学杂志,2018,34(7):1064-1067

    • [14] AZIZAN N,HAYATI F,TIZENN N M S,et al.Role of co⁃ expression of estrogen receptor beta and Ki67 in prostate adenocarcinoma[J].Investig Clin Urol,2018,59(4):232-237

    • [15] NIAZI M K K,TAVOLARA T E,AROLE V,et al.Identi⁃ fying tumor in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms from Ki67 images using transfer learning[J].PLoS One,2018,13(4):0195621