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通讯作者:

于亮,E-mail:yuliangha@163.com

中图分类号:R733.4

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1007-4368(2023)06-813-07

DOI:10.7655/NYDXBNS20230610

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目录contents

    摘要

    目的:探讨营养状态指标包括控制营养状态(controlling nutritional status,CONUT)评分和预后营养指数(prognostic nutritional index,PNI)在预测弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B cell lymphoma,DLBCL)预后中的作用。方法:回顾性收集105例在南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院血液科就诊的DLBCL患者的临床资料,计算出每个患者的CONUT评分和PNI,并通过ROC 曲线确定截断值。CONUT评分和PNI分别以6.5和47.28作为截断值,将患者根据截断值进行分组。依次进行Kaplan-Meier生存分析、单因素和多因素COX回归分析以及Spearman相关分析。结果:生存曲线显示CONUT评分和PNI对患者的总生存期 (overall survival,OS)具有预测作用(P<0.05)。单因素分析显示 CONUT 评分、PNI、国际预后指数(international prognostic in- dex,IPI)危险度分型、白蛋白、胆固醇均是患者OS的预后因素。多因素分析结果表明CONUT评分对DLBCL患者的OS具有独立预测作用(HR=2.742,95%CI:1.030~7.300,P<0.05),PNI不是患者OS的独立预测因素(HR=0.526,95%CI:0.135~2.047,P= 0.35)。相关性分析结果显示两种营养状态指标呈高度负相关(r=-0.79,P<0.01)。结论:CONUT评分是DLBCL患者预后的独立预测因素,患者CONUT评分越高,预后越差。

    Abstract

    Objective:The current study aims to investigate the prognostic role of nutritional status,including controlling nutritional status(CONUT)score and prognostic nutritional index(PNI),in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL). Methods:The clinical data of 105 patients with DLBCL at the Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were retrospectively collected. And the patients’CONUT score and PNI were calculated. The cut-off values of CONUT score and PNI were determined by ROC curves,and were 6.5 and 47.28 respectively. The patients were grouped according to the cut-off values. Kaplan- Meier survival analysis,univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were performed sequentially. Results:Survival curves demonstrated that CONUT score and PNI had a predictive effect on OS of patients(P < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that CONUT score,PNI,IPI risk score,albumin and cholesterol were prognostic factors for OS of patients. The results of multivariate analysis showed that CONUT score had an independent prognostic effect on OS in DLBCL patients(HR= 2.742,95%CI:1.030~7.300,P < 0.05),and PNI was not an independent prognostic factor for OS of patients(HR=0.526,95%CI: 0.135~2.047,P=0.35). Correlation analysis showed a high negative correlation between the two nutritional status indicators(r=-0.79, P < 0.01). Conclusion:The CONUT score is an independent prognostic factor for DLBCL patients,and the higher the CONUT score of patients,the worse the prognosis.

  • 弥漫大 B 细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B cell lym⁃ phoma,DLBCL)是最常见的淋巴瘤,约占所有非霍奇金淋巴瘤的 30%~40%[1],其在病理形态、免疫表型、临床表现以及治疗效果等多个方面表现出很强的异质性[2]。目前 DLBCL 的一线治疗方案是利妥昔单抗、环磷酰胺、阿霉素、长春新碱和强的松联合用药(R⁃CHOP)方案,但仍有约30%的患者对R⁃CHOP 方案无效[3]。即使 R⁃CHOP 治愈的患者,仍有 30% 的患者会复发,且复发患者预后极差[4]。近年来,新兴的嵌合抗原受体修饰 T 细胞疗法在 DLBCL 患者治疗中取得了较好疗效,但因其不良反应较多,部分患者无法耐受[5]。对患者精确的危险度分层,从而制定个性化的治疗方案,进而提高DLBCL疗效的研究越来越迫切。

  • 多项研究提示,营养状态与肿瘤患者的化疗效果和化疗相关不良反应密切相关[6-8]。现有的DLBCL 预后评分系统,如国际预后指数(international prog⁃ nostic index,IPI)评分系统,并未将营养状态纳入评价,营养状态是否是DLBCL的独立预后因素,相关研究较少。目前常用的评估营养状态的指标为控制营养状况(controlling nutritional status,CONUT)评分和预后营养指数(prognostic nutritional index,PNI)。 CONUT评分是一种便捷的临床营养筛查指标,最初用于评价外科患者术前的营养状况。CONUT评分基于3个实验室检查指标:白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、总胆固醇(cholesterol,CHO)和淋巴细胞绝对计数 (absolute lymphocyte count,ALC)[9]。既往许多研究表明 CONUT 评分与部分实体肿瘤患者如胃癌、食管癌等预后密切相关[10-11],其在血液系统恶性疾病中的研究较少。PNI最早由Buzby等[12]于1980年提出用于评估术后患者的营养情况。最初计算PNI的公式基于4个因素:白蛋白、三头肌皮褶厚度、转铁蛋白和皮肤试验反应性。由于三头肌皮褶厚度测量的主观性和皮试的反应性,此法在临床不易实行,在 1984 年,Onodera 将公式改为:PNI=白蛋白(g/L) +5×绝对淋巴细胞计数(109 /L)[13]。最近研究表明, PNI 是一种有价值的预后生物标志物,与食道癌、胃癌、肺癌等多种肿瘤患者的预后相关[14-16]。近年来,许多研究相继报道了 PNI 可能与 DLBCL 的预后有关[17],但PNI能否作为预测DLBCL预后的辅助指标尚不清楚,其与CONUT评分的临床相关性也未见报道。

  • 本研究通过回顾性分析南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院血液科初治 DLBCL 老年患者的临床资料,旨在探讨营养状态在初治DLBCL患者预后评估中的作用,并比较两种不同营养状态评估工具的临床相关性,为临床DLBCL诊疗提供参考。

  • 1 对象和方法

  • 1.1 对象

  • 回顾性收集2016年3月—2021年5月南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院血液科就诊的初治 DLBCL 患者的临床信息及实验室检查结果。DLBCL的诊断参照NCCN指南,并且均经2名副主任或以上医师共同诊断。随访时间截至2021年8月31日。研究通过南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院伦理委员会审查 (KY⁃2022⁃131⁃01)。

  • 纳入标准:①按照 NCCN 指南,DLBCL 诊断明确;②患者均进行1个疗程以上的标准化疗方案治疗;③临床资料完整。

  • 排除标准:①年龄<20 岁;②艾滋病相关淋巴瘤、由其他淋巴瘤转化和原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤;③合并严重心脏、肝脏、肾脏、肺部疾病;④伴有严重感染性疾病或风湿免疫系统疾病;⑤伴有其他肿瘤疾病。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 1.2.1 检测方法及观察指标

  • 收集患者年龄、性别、确诊时间、初诊时的 ALC、ALB水平、CHO水平、乳酸脱氢酶(lactic dehy⁃ drogenase,LDH)含量、细胞起源(cell of origin,COO) 分型、B组症状(发热、盗汗、体重下降)、结外器官累及情况、美国东部肿瘤协作组(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group,ECOG)评分、Ann Arbor分期、IPI评分及治疗方案,并于2021年8月31日统一电话随访患者生存状态、死亡时间。根据2021年NCCN淋巴瘤指南,患者疗效及随访采用总生存期(overall sur⁃ vival,OS),即从诊断时间开始至(因任何原因导致) 死亡的时间,时间单位为月。

  • 1.2.2 营养状态判定及评分规则

  • CONUT 和 PNI 评分标准分别如下。CONUT 评分由三部分构成:其中血清 ALB 水平≥35.0 g/L、 30.0~<35.0 g/L、25.0~<30.0 g/L、<25.0 g/L 分别计 0 分、2 分、4 分、6 分;ALC≥1.6×106 个/mL、1.2×106~<1.6×106 个/mL、0.8×106~<1.2×106 个/mL、<0.8× 106 个/mL分别计为0分、1分、2 分、3分;总胆固醇水平≥180 mg/dL、140~<180 mg/dL、100~<140 mg/dL、 <100 mg/dL分别计为0分、1分、2分、3分。根据3个因素得分相加的总和将患者分为正常营养状态(0~1 分)、轻度营养不良(2~4 分)、中度营养不良(5~1.3 统计学方法

  • 1.3 统计学方法

  • 使用SPSS 22.0以及Graphpad 9.0软件进行统计分析。根据患者临床资料,计算出每个患者化疗前的 CONUT 评分和 PNI 评分,绘制 DLBCL 患者生存结局的受试者工作特征(receiver operating character⁃ istic,ROC)曲线,并且根据 ROC 曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC),比较两种指标对患者生存结局的预测价值。根据约登指数(Youden⁃index)最大原则,确定两种营养指标的最佳截断值(cut⁃off)。根据最佳截断值将患者分组,组间计量资料比较,使用Mann⁃Whitney U检验;等级资料组间比较使用卡方检验。计量资料统计描述用中位数(四分位数)[MP25P75)]表示,等级资料的统计描述采用构成比。Kaplan⁃Meier 生存分析和Log⁃rank检验确定营养指标对患者生存结局的影响,使用 Graphpad 9.0 绘制患者OS生存曲线;单因素及多因素分析均使用 Cox 风险比例模型,将单因素中满足P<0.05(双尾) 的因素纳入多因素分析。相关性分析使用Spearman相关分析,|r|<0.4表示低度相关,|r| 为0.4~0.7表示中度相关,|r|>0.7表示高度相关(r为负值为负相关,正值为正相关)。Graphpad 9.0软件主要用于绘制生存曲线,其余统计分析全部通过SPSS 22.0完成。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 ROC曲线

  • 根据患者的 OS 分别进行 CONUT 评分、PNI 的 ROC曲线绘制。CONUT评分的ROC曲线下面积为 0.674(P=0.02,95% CI:0.532~0.817,图1A),根据 Youden ⁃index 计算公式,当 CONUT 评分=6.5 时, Youden⁃index最大,此时灵敏度为58.8%,特异度为 71.6%,故将 6.5 作为患者 CONUT 评分的截断值。DLBCL 患者 CONUT 评分≥6.5 定义为 CONUThigh组(35 例),CONUT 评分<6.5 为 CONUTlow组(70 例)。同样的方法,PNI 的 ROC 曲线下面积为 0.668(P= 0.02,95%CI:0.529~0.808,图1B),当 PNI=47.28 时,Youden ⁃ index 最大,灵敏度为 81.8%,特异度为 52.6%。因此将患者PNI≥47.28归为PNIhigh组(44例), PNI<47.28为PNIlow组(61例)。

  • A:ROC曲线预测CONUT评分的截断值;B:ROC曲线预测PNI的截断值。

  • 图1 ROC曲线预测CONUT评分(A)和PNI(B)的截断值

  • Figure1 The ROC curve for predicting the cut⁃off value of the CONUT score(A)and PNI(B)

  • 2.2 患者特征

  • 本研究总共纳入105例初诊DLBCL患者,患者的总体临床特征总结在表1。63例(60.0%)患者年龄≥60 岁,男性占比为 53.3%。105 例患者 ALC、 ALB、CHO 分别为 1.33(0.94,1.70)×109 个/L、38.60 (34.45,41.95)g/L、3.93(3.44,4.71)mmol/L。总共有 28例(26.7%)患者LDH升高,ECOG评分2~4分29例 (27.6%)、有 B 组症状 73例(69.5%)、有淋巴结外器官受累35例(33.3%)、Ann Arbor分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期63例(60.0%)、COO分型为GCB型21例(20.0%)、IPI危险度分型为中高危+高危的 36 例(34.3%)。101 例 (96.2%)DLBCL 患者接受含有利妥昔单抗的化疗方案。

  • 把 CONUT 评分=6.5 作为截断值,患者分为 CONUThigh组和CONUTlow组。两组在ALC、ALB、CHO 和IPI危险度分型上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,表2)。根据PNI=47.28,把患者分为PNIhigh组和高PNIlow 组,与 CONUT 评分分组一样,两组在 ALC、ALB、CHO和IPI危险度分型上差异具有统计学意义(P< 0.05,表3)。

  • 表1 105例初诊DLBCL患者总体临床特征

  • Table1 The clinical characteristics of 105 patients with primary DLBCL

  • GCB:germinal center B⁃cell,生发中心B细胞。

  • 2.3 Kaplan⁃Meier生存曲线

  • 根据确定的cut⁃off,将患者分成对应的CONUTlow 和 CONUThigh组、PNIlow和 PNIhigh组,分别绘制患者的生存曲线。CONUT 评分对 DLBCL 患者的 OS 有预测意义,高CONUT评分患者有更短的OS和更差的临床结局(P=0.01,图2A)。PNI对患者的OS也具有预测作用,相反地,患者PNI越高,OS越长(P=0.04,图2B)。

  • 2.4 单因素及多因素分析

  • 患者 OS 的单因素及多因素分析结果见表4。年龄因素已经包括在 IPI 危险度分型内,故未单独纳入单因素分析,同时相关研究报道性别并不是DLBCL的预后因素,故也未纳入单因素COX分析[18]。单因素分析结果显示,IPI 危险度分型、ALB、CHO、 CONUT 评分及 PNI 是 DLBCL 患者 OS 的预后因素(P<0.05)。因此,将单因素有统计学意义的临床因素纳入多因素分析,分别建立 CONUT 评分模型和 PNI模型。CONUT评分模型包含IPI危险度分型以及CONUT评分。多因素分析结果显示CONUT评分(HR=2.742,95%CI:1.030~7.300,P<0.05)和 IPI 危险度分型(HR=4.603,95% CI:1.603~13.226,P< 0.01)均是OS的独立预后因素。PNI模型纳入IPI危险度分型、CHO及PNI,多因素结果提示IPI危险度分型(HR=4.010,95%CI:1.327~12.114,P<0.05)对 OS中有独立预测作用,而CHO及PNI不是OS的独立预测因素(HR=0.825,95% CI:0.474~1.438,P= 0.50;HR=0.526,95%CI:0.135~2.047,P=0.35)。

  • 2.5 相关性分析

  • CONUT 评分以及 PNI 都包括 ALB 和 ALC 这两个参数,此外CONUT评分还包含CHO水平,但是两种营养状态评价指标的相关参数评估权重不同,因此,患者的营养状态等级分类也可能不同。Spear⁃ man相关性分析结果显示两种营养状态评价指标呈高度负相关(r=-0.79,P<0.01)。

  • 3 讨论

  • DLBCL是最常见的淋巴瘤,其在临床表现和预后等方面具有很强的异质性。目前公认的用于 DLBCL 患者预后分层的是 IPI 评分系统,主要因素包括年龄、Ann Arbor分期、LDH、ECOG评分及有无结外侵犯[19]。但是考虑到该预后评价体系较为复杂,患者临床结局具有相当大的异质性,需要开发一些新的、更为便捷的指标用于DLBCL患者的预后判断。

  • CONUT评分最早作为一种营养状态筛查工具,用于评估患者的营养状态。主要有 3 个参数包括 ALB、ALC以及CHO,将患者分为正常营养状态、轻度营养不良、中度营养不良以及重度营养不良。 PNI最早用于胃肠手术患者术前营养状态和手术风险评估。然而,近些年来,越来越多的研究报道了这两种营养状态评价指标在预测实体肿瘤和血液系统肿瘤预后中的作用[20-24]。因此本研究主要探究 CONUT 评分及PNI 在DLBCL 患者预后中的意义以及两种营养状态评价指标的相关性。

  • 本研究总共收集 105 例初诊 DLBCL 患者的临床资料,分别计算每个患者的 CONUT 评分及 PNI。通过 ROC 曲线确定 CONUT 评分和 PNI 的 cut⁃off 值(分别为 6.5 和 47.28),将患者分为 CONUThigh组 (≥6.5,35例)和CONUTlow组(<6.5,70例)以及PNIhigh 组(≥47.28,44例)和PNIlow组(<47.28,61例)。Kaplan ⁃Meier生存曲线提示CONUT评分和PNI均对患者的 OS具有预测作用。单因素分析结果也显示CONUT评分以及 PNI 是 OS 预后的预测因素(HR=0.298, 95% CI:0.106~0.843,P<0.01;HR=3.412,95% CI: 1.303~8.932,P<0.05)。经过多因素分析后,研究证实 CONUT 评分(HR=2.742,95%CI:1.030~7.300, P<0.05)是 OS 的独立预测因素,然而 PNI(HR= 0.526,95%CI:0.135~2.047,P=0.35)并不具有独立预测作用。两种营养状态指标呈高度负相关(r=-0.79, P<0.01)。

  • 表2 初诊DLBCL患者CONUT评分分组情况

  • Table2 The grouping of CONUT score in patients with primary DLBCL

  • GCB:germinal center B⁃cell,生发中心B细胞。

  • 表3 初诊DLBCL患者PNI分组情况

  • Table3 The grouping of PNI in patients with primary DLBCL

  • GCB:germinal center B⁃cell,生发中心B细胞。

  • 图2 DLBCL患者CONUT评分(A)及PNI分组(B)的生存曲线

  • Figure2 The overall survival curve of the CONUT score(A)and PNI(B)in DLBCL patients

  • 表4 DLBCL患者OS的单因素及多因素分析

  • Table4 The univariate and multivariate analysis of OS in DLBCL patients

  • 目前关于CONUT评分在DLBCL患者预后中的具体作用机制并不十分清楚。然而,相关研究发现 CONUT评分的组成因素都与血液系统恶性肿瘤患者的预后有关。首先,血清ALB水平可以反映患者的整体营养和免疫状态。此外,它还可以作为癌症患者全身炎症反应的标志物。既往研究已经证实低ALB水平与DLBCL患者的不良临床结局呈正相关[25-26]。其次,研究表明低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low⁃ density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL⁃C)水平降低与血液系统肿瘤风险增加有关。血液系统疾病发生发展过程中往往伴随着 CHO 水平下降[27]。最后, ALC 可以反映宿主的系统免疫状态,过去研究证实 ALC 在 DLBCL 患者中具有预测预后的价值[28]。此外,研究还证实 CONUT 评分相比其他预后评价指标,例如 PNI 危险度分型、中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)和血小板淋巴细胞比值(platelet to lymphocyte ratio,PLR),具有更高的预测准确性。

  • 当然,本研究具有一定的局限性。一方面患者样本量少,另一方面是回顾性研究。期待未来有更大的样本量以及前瞻性研究进一步探讨营养状态评价指标在预测DLBCL患者预后的作用,并且通过精准的危险度分层指导内科医师选择治疗方案、判断预后以及临床实践。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] MODI D,POTUGARI B,UBERTI J.Immunotherapy for diffuse large B⁃cell lymphoma:current landscape and fu⁃ ture directions[J].Cancers,2021,13(22):5827

    • [2] POLLARI M L,EIVONEN S K,LEPPA S.Testicular dif⁃ fuse large B ⁃ cell lymphoma ⁃ clinical,molecular,and im⁃ munological features[J].Cancers,2021,13(16):4049

    • [3] LU Q,HUANG H,TANG S,et al.Tafasitamab for refrac⁃ tory/relapsed diffuse large B ⁃cell lymphoma[J].Drugs Today(Barc),2021,57(9):571-580

    • [4] BOUROUMEAU A,BUSSOT L,HAMAIDIA S,et al.CYCLON and NPM1cooperate within an oncogenic net⁃ work predictive of R⁃CHOP response in DLBCL[J].Can⁃ cers,2021,13(23):5900

    • [5] ERNST M,OESER A,BESIROGLU B,et al.Chimeric an⁃ tigen receptor(CAR)T ⁃ cell therapy for people with re⁃ lapsed or refractory diffuse large B ⁃cell lymphoma[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2021,9(9):CD013365

    • [6] ZHANG X,TANG M,ZHANG Q,et al.The GLIM criteria as an effective tool for nutrition assessment and survival prediction in older adult cancer patients[J].Clin Nutr,2021,40(3):1224-1232

    • [7] YAN X,ZHANG S Y,JIA J M,et al.Exploring the malnu⁃ trition status and impact of total parenteral nutrition on the outcome of patients with advanced stage ovarian can⁃ cer[J].BMC Cancer,2021,21(1):799

    • [8] LERE ⁃ CHEVALEYRE A,BERNADACH M,LAMBERT C,et al.Toxicity of induction chemotherapy in head and neck cancer:the central role of skeletal muscle mass[J].Head Neck,2021,44(3):681-690

    • [9] KAMATH S K,LAWLER M,SMITH A E,et al.Hospital malnutrition:a 33⁃hospital screening study[J].J Am Diet Assoc,1986,86(2):203-206

    • [10] XIAO Q,LI X Q,DUAN B J,et al.Clinical significance of controlling nutritional status score(CONUT)in evaluating outcome of postoperative patients with gastric cancer[J].Sci Rep,2022,12(1):93

    • [11] TAKAGI K,BUETTNER S,IJZERMANS J,et al.Sys⁃ tematic review on the controlling nutritional status(CO⁃ NUT)score in patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer[J].Anti Cancer Res,2020,40(10):5343-5349

    • [12] BUZBY G P,MULLEN J L,MATTHEWS D C,et al.Prog⁃nostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery[J].Am J Surg,1980,139(1):160-167

    • [13] ONODERA T,GOSEKI N,KOSAKI G.Prognostic nutri⁃ tional index in gastrointestinal surgery of malnourished cancer patients[J].Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi,1984,85(9):1001-1005

    • [14] OKADOME K,BABA Y,YAGI T,et al.Prognostic nutri⁃ tional index,tumor ⁃infiltrating lymphocytes,and progno⁃ sis in patients with esophageal cancer[J].Ann Surg,2020,271(4):693-700

    • [15] ABE A,KURITA K,HAYASHI H,et al.Correlation be⁃ tween prognostic nutritional index and occlusal status in gastric cancer[J].Oral Dis.2020,26(2):465-472

    • [16] XU S,CAO S,GENG J,et al.High prognostic nutritional index(PNI)as a positive prognostic indicator for non ⁃ small cell lung cancer patients with bone metastasis[J].Clin Respir J,2021,15(2):225-231

    • [17] SHEN Z Y,WANG F,HE C L,et al.The value of prognos⁃ tic nutritional index(PNI)on newly diagnosed diffuse large B ⁃ cell lymphoma patients:amulticenter retrospec⁃ tive study of HHLWG based on propensity score matched analysis[J].J Inflamm Res,2021,14:5513-5522

    • [18] KUHNL A,CUNNINGHAM D,COUNSELL N,et al.Out⁃ come of elderly patients with diffuse large B⁃cell lymphoma treated with R ⁃ CHOP:results from the UK NCRI R ⁃ CHOP14v21 trial with combined analysis of molecular characteristics with the DSHNHL RICOVER⁃60 trial[J].Ann Oncol,2017,28(7):1540-1546

    • [19] 中华医学会血液学分会,中国抗癌协会淋巴瘤专业委员会.中国弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤诊断和治疗指南(2013 年版)[J].中华血液学杂志,2013,34(9):816-819

    • [20] KURODA D,SAWAYAMA H,KURASHIGE J,et al.Con⁃ trolling nutritional status(CONUT)score is a prognostic marker for gastric cancer patients after curative resection [J].Gastric Cancer,2018,21(2):204-212

    • [21] 梁飞,黄雪燕,唐国峰,等.预后营养指数控制营养状况对多发性骨髓瘤患者预后的影响[J].中华血液学杂志,2021,42(4):332-337

    • [22] WANG Z T,WANG Y J,ZHANG X M,et al.Pretreatment prognostic nutritional index as a prognostic factor in lung cancer:review and meta⁃analysis[J].Clin Chimica Acta;Int J ClinChem,2018,486:303-310

    • [23] XUE Y,ZHOU X,XUE L,et al.The role of pretreatment prognostic nutritional index in esophageal cancer:A meta⁃ analysis[J].J Cell Physiol,2019,234(11):19655-19662

    • [24] ZHANG Y,CHEN Q,LU C,et al.Prognostic role of con⁃ trolling nutritional status score in hematological malignan⁃ cies[J].Hematology,2022,27(1):653-658

    • [25] KIM S H,GO S I,SEO J,et al.Prognostic impact of pre⁃ treatment albumin to globulin ratio in patients with dif⁃ fuse large B ⁃ cell lymphoma treated with R ⁃ CHOP[J].Leuk Res,2018,71:100-105

    • [26] 潘必慧,孔祎琳,王莉,等.C反应蛋白/白蛋白比值在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者中的预后价值[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2020,40(2):228-233

    • [27] MARINI A,CARULLI G,AZZARÀ A,et al.Serum cho⁃ lesterol and triglycerides in hematological malignancies [J].Acta Haematol,1989,81(2):75-79

    • [28] MARKOVIC O,POPOVIC L,MARISAVLJEVIC D,et al.Comparison of prognostic impact of absolute lymphocyte count,absolute monocyte count,absolute lymphocyte count/absolute monocyte count prognostic score and ratio in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma[J].Eur J Intern Med,2014,25(3):296-302

  • 参考文献

    • [1] MODI D,POTUGARI B,UBERTI J.Immunotherapy for diffuse large B⁃cell lymphoma:current landscape and fu⁃ ture directions[J].Cancers,2021,13(22):5827

    • [2] POLLARI M L,EIVONEN S K,LEPPA S.Testicular dif⁃ fuse large B ⁃ cell lymphoma ⁃ clinical,molecular,and im⁃ munological features[J].Cancers,2021,13(16):4049

    • [3] LU Q,HUANG H,TANG S,et al.Tafasitamab for refrac⁃ tory/relapsed diffuse large B ⁃cell lymphoma[J].Drugs Today(Barc),2021,57(9):571-580

    • [4] BOUROUMEAU A,BUSSOT L,HAMAIDIA S,et al.CYCLON and NPM1cooperate within an oncogenic net⁃ work predictive of R⁃CHOP response in DLBCL[J].Can⁃ cers,2021,13(23):5900

    • [5] ERNST M,OESER A,BESIROGLU B,et al.Chimeric an⁃ tigen receptor(CAR)T ⁃ cell therapy for people with re⁃ lapsed or refractory diffuse large B ⁃cell lymphoma[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2021,9(9):CD013365

    • [6] ZHANG X,TANG M,ZHANG Q,et al.The GLIM criteria as an effective tool for nutrition assessment and survival prediction in older adult cancer patients[J].Clin Nutr,2021,40(3):1224-1232

    • [7] YAN X,ZHANG S Y,JIA J M,et al.Exploring the malnu⁃ trition status and impact of total parenteral nutrition on the outcome of patients with advanced stage ovarian can⁃ cer[J].BMC Cancer,2021,21(1):799

    • [8] LERE ⁃ CHEVALEYRE A,BERNADACH M,LAMBERT C,et al.Toxicity of induction chemotherapy in head and neck cancer:the central role of skeletal muscle mass[J].Head Neck,2021,44(3):681-690

    • [9] KAMATH S K,LAWLER M,SMITH A E,et al.Hospital malnutrition:a 33⁃hospital screening study[J].J Am Diet Assoc,1986,86(2):203-206

    • [10] XIAO Q,LI X Q,DUAN B J,et al.Clinical significance of controlling nutritional status score(CONUT)in evaluating outcome of postoperative patients with gastric cancer[J].Sci Rep,2022,12(1):93

    • [11] TAKAGI K,BUETTNER S,IJZERMANS J,et al.Sys⁃ tematic review on the controlling nutritional status(CO⁃ NUT)score in patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer[J].Anti Cancer Res,2020,40(10):5343-5349

    • [12] BUZBY G P,MULLEN J L,MATTHEWS D C,et al.Prog⁃nostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery[J].Am J Surg,1980,139(1):160-167

    • [13] ONODERA T,GOSEKI N,KOSAKI G.Prognostic nutri⁃ tional index in gastrointestinal surgery of malnourished cancer patients[J].Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi,1984,85(9):1001-1005

    • [14] OKADOME K,BABA Y,YAGI T,et al.Prognostic nutri⁃ tional index,tumor ⁃infiltrating lymphocytes,and progno⁃ sis in patients with esophageal cancer[J].Ann Surg,2020,271(4):693-700

    • [15] ABE A,KURITA K,HAYASHI H,et al.Correlation be⁃ tween prognostic nutritional index and occlusal status in gastric cancer[J].Oral Dis.2020,26(2):465-472

    • [16] XU S,CAO S,GENG J,et al.High prognostic nutritional index(PNI)as a positive prognostic indicator for non ⁃ small cell lung cancer patients with bone metastasis[J].Clin Respir J,2021,15(2):225-231

    • [17] SHEN Z Y,WANG F,HE C L,et al.The value of prognos⁃ tic nutritional index(PNI)on newly diagnosed diffuse large B ⁃ cell lymphoma patients:amulticenter retrospec⁃ tive study of HHLWG based on propensity score matched analysis[J].J Inflamm Res,2021,14:5513-5522

    • [18] KUHNL A,CUNNINGHAM D,COUNSELL N,et al.Out⁃ come of elderly patients with diffuse large B⁃cell lymphoma treated with R ⁃ CHOP:results from the UK NCRI R ⁃ CHOP14v21 trial with combined analysis of molecular characteristics with the DSHNHL RICOVER⁃60 trial[J].Ann Oncol,2017,28(7):1540-1546

    • [19] 中华医学会血液学分会,中国抗癌协会淋巴瘤专业委员会.中国弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤诊断和治疗指南(2013 年版)[J].中华血液学杂志,2013,34(9):816-819

    • [20] KURODA D,SAWAYAMA H,KURASHIGE J,et al.Con⁃ trolling nutritional status(CONUT)score is a prognostic marker for gastric cancer patients after curative resection [J].Gastric Cancer,2018,21(2):204-212

    • [21] 梁飞,黄雪燕,唐国峰,等.预后营养指数控制营养状况对多发性骨髓瘤患者预后的影响[J].中华血液学杂志,2021,42(4):332-337

    • [22] WANG Z T,WANG Y J,ZHANG X M,et al.Pretreatment prognostic nutritional index as a prognostic factor in lung cancer:review and meta⁃analysis[J].Clin Chimica Acta;Int J ClinChem,2018,486:303-310

    • [23] XUE Y,ZHOU X,XUE L,et al.The role of pretreatment prognostic nutritional index in esophageal cancer:A meta⁃ analysis[J].J Cell Physiol,2019,234(11):19655-19662

    • [24] ZHANG Y,CHEN Q,LU C,et al.Prognostic role of con⁃ trolling nutritional status score in hematological malignan⁃ cies[J].Hematology,2022,27(1):653-658

    • [25] KIM S H,GO S I,SEO J,et al.Prognostic impact of pre⁃ treatment albumin to globulin ratio in patients with dif⁃ fuse large B ⁃ cell lymphoma treated with R ⁃ CHOP[J].Leuk Res,2018,71:100-105

    • [26] 潘必慧,孔祎琳,王莉,等.C反应蛋白/白蛋白比值在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者中的预后价值[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2020,40(2):228-233

    • [27] MARINI A,CARULLI G,AZZARÀ A,et al.Serum cho⁃ lesterol and triglycerides in hematological malignancies [J].Acta Haematol,1989,81(2):75-79

    • [28] MARKOVIC O,POPOVIC L,MARISAVLJEVIC D,et al.Comparison of prognostic impact of absolute lymphocyte count,absolute monocyte count,absolute lymphocyte count/absolute monocyte count prognostic score and ratio in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma[J].Eur J Intern Med,2014,25(3):296-302

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