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通讯作者:

邢俊,E-mail:Xing.jun@msn.com

中图分类号:R711.6

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1007-4368(2023)12-1714-05

DOI:10.7655/NYDXBNS20231215

参考文献 1
STEIN I,LEVENTHAL M.Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries[J].Am J Obstet Gynecol,1935,29(2):181-191
参考文献 2
ESCOBAR⁃MORREALE H F.Polycystic ovary syndrome:definition,aetiology,diagnosis and treatment[J].Nat Rev Endocrinol,2018,14(5):270-284
参考文献 3
NEVEN A C H,LAVEN J,TEEDE H J,et al.A Summary on polycystic ovary syndrome:diagnostic criteria,preva⁃ lence,clinical manifestations,and management according to the latest international guidelines[J].Semin Reprod Med,2018,36(1):5-12
参考文献 4
TANG K F,WU L,LUO Y,et al.In vitro fertilization out⁃ comes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome:a meta⁃ analysis[J].Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol,2021,259:146-152
参考文献 5
刘学思,乔岩岩.多囊卵巢综合征患者自然流产发病机制的研究进展[J].中国优生与遗传杂志,2021,29(7):1034-1039
参考文献 6
卫生部疾病控制司.中国成人超重和肥胖症预防控制指南(2003)[Z]
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参考文献 8
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参考文献 9
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参考文献 10
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参考文献 11
覃晓,庞海燕,黎枝,等.多囊卵巢综合征患者孕早期自然流产的危险因素分析[J].广西医科大学学报,2021,38(3):570-573
参考文献 12
HE Y,LU Y,ZHU Q,et al.Influence of metabolic syn⁃ drome on female fertility and invitro fertilization outcomes in PCOS women[J].Am J Obstet Gynecol,2019,221(2):138.e1-138.e12
参考文献 13
KARA M,OZCAN S S,ARAN T,et al.Evaluation of en⁃ dometrial receptivity by measuring HOXA⁃10,HOXA⁃11,and leukemia inhibitory factor expression in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome[J].Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther,2019,8(3):118-122
参考文献 14
YU H F,CHEN H S,RAO D P,et al.Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of pregnancy com⁃ plications:a PRISMA ⁃ compliant systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J].Medicine,2016,95(51):e4863
参考文献 15
王秋毅,黄薇.重视多囊卵巢综合征代谢紊乱问题 [J].实用妇产科杂志,2018,34(8):564-566
参考文献 16
ASANIDZE E,KRISTESASHVILI J,ANDGULADZE S.Correlation between levels of homocysteine,anti ⁃mulleri⁃ an hormone and insulin resistance in PCOS patient with recurrent miscarriage[J].Georgian Med News,2019,290:25-29
参考文献 17
KIRMIZI D A,BASER E,TURKSOY V A,et al.Are heavy metal exposure and trace element levels related to metabolic and endocrine problems in polycystic ovary syn⁃ drome[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,2020,198(1):77-86
参考文献 18
冯娟,李坪芬,宋飞,等.多囊卵巢综合征患者发生宫颈机能不全高危因素的研究进展[J].中国计划生育和妇产科,2022,14(6):34-37
参考文献 19
WANG Q,LUO L,LEI Q,et al.Low aneuploidy rate in early pregnancy loss abortuses from patients with polycys⁃ tic ovary syndrome[J].Reprod Biomed Online,2016,33(1):85-92
参考文献 20
张琍钧,王兴玲.高AMH水平PCOS与非PCOS患者新鲜胚胎移植妊娠结局比较[J].现代妇产科进展,2023,32(6):442-445
参考文献 21
BEN H A,SIROTA I,SALMAN L,et al.The influence of body mass index on pregnancy outcome following single ⁃ emryotransfer[J].J Assist Reprod Genet,2018,35(7):1295-1300
参考文献 22
ELKHOLI D,NAGYA H M.The effects of adipocytokines on the endocrino ⁃ metabolic features and obstetric out⁃ come in pregnant obese women with polycystic ovary syn⁃ drome[J].Middle East Fertil Soc J,2014,19(4):293-302
参考文献 23
BOURDON M,PORATE⁃CHERIET K,FINETDE B A,et al.Day 5 versus day 6 blastocyst transfers:a systematic re⁃ view and meta ⁃ analysis clinical outcomes[J].Hum Re⁃ prod,2019,34(10):1948-1964
参考文献 24
SUPRAMANIAM P R,MITTAL M,MCVEIGH E,et al.The correlation between raised body mass index and as⁃ sisted reproductive treatment outcomes:a systematic re⁃ view and meta ⁃ analysis ofthe evidence[J].Reprod Health,2018,15(1):34
目录contents

    摘要

    目的:分析多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)患者与非PCOS患者行体外受精—胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer,IVF-ET)助孕后临床结局相关指标差异,阐明PCOS不孕人群接受IVF-ET治疗后的流产风险。方法:回顾性分析2016年4月—2021年4月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院生殖医学中心首次行IVF-ET助孕后实现临床单胎妊娠 PCOS 患者 655 例,并分析同期单纯输卵管因素不孕患者的临床资料,采用倾向性评分匹配(propensity score matching, PSM),根据年龄以及体重指数(body mass index,BMI)进行1∶1匹配,比较两组人群的相关助孕指标和流产率差异,并根据BMI 对纳入人群进行亚组分层分析。结果:与非PCOS组相比,PCOS组IVF周期需要更多的促性腺激素(gonadotropins,Gn)用量及更长的使用时间,人绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionic gonadotropin,hCG)扳机日血清卵泡刺激素(follicle-stimulating hor- mone,FSH)、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)及孕酮(progesterone,P)水平均低于非PCOS组(P<0.05)。而两组患者的早期及晚期流产率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。根据不同BMI区间进行亚组分析,不同的BMI水平并未对患者流产率产生影响,两组患者流产率在各BMI亚组中相似,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:对于首次接受IVF-ET辅助生殖治疗并获得单胎妊娠不孕患者而言,PCOS对其流产情况并无影响;对于首次接受IVF-ET助孕治疗的PCOS患者倾向进行新鲜同期单囊胚移植,可获得较为稳定的妊娠结局。

    Abstract

    Objective:To retrospectively analyze the difference of clinical outcomes related indicators between patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)and non -PCOS after assisted pregnancy by in vitro fertilization embryo transfer(IVF -ET),and to clarify the risk of miscarriage in the infertile population with PCOS after receiving IVF - ET treatment. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 655 PCOS patients with clinical single pregnancy after the first IVF - ET assisted pregnancy at the Reproductive Medical Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital,affiliated with Nanjing University Medical College from April 2016 to April 2021.Clinical data of patients with infertility due to tubal factors during the same period were also analyzed. Propensity score matching(PSM)was used to performed a 1∶1 matching based on age and body mass index(BMI). The assisted reproduction outcomes and miscarriage rates were compared between the two groups,and a subgroup analysis based on BMI was conducted within the included population. Results:Compared to the non - PCOS group,the PCOS group required higer doses and a longer duration of gonadotropins Gn during IVF cycles. The levels of serum follicle - stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),and progesterone(P)on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)trigger were lower than in the non - PCOS group(P < 0.05). However,there was no significant difference in early and late miscarriage rates between the two groups(P > 0.05). Subgroup analysis based on different BMI ranges showed that different BMI levels did not have an impact on the miscarriage rates of the patients. The miscarriage rates were similar in each BMI subgroup of the two groups,and the difference was not statistically significant(P > 0.05).Conclusion:PCOS has no effect on the miscarriage of patients who received IVF-ET assisted reproductive therapy for the first time and got single pregnancy infertility;PCOS patients who first received IVF-ET assisted pregnancy treatment tend to receive single blastocyst transfer,which can obtain a relatively stable pregnancy outcome.

  • 多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovarian syndrome, PCOS)是育龄期女性常见的内分泌疾病,1935年由 Stein and Leventhal 首次提出并命名[1],此类患者常表现为月经稀发或闭经、多毛、肥胖和双侧卵巢多囊样改变等[2]。PCOS是一种复杂的疾病,其发病机制尚未完全阐明,对机体代谢及生殖等方面存在影响,与女性不孕密切相关。排卵异常是导致女性不孕的常见原因之一,80%~95%的排卵障碍不孕女性患有PCOS[3]。随着辅助生殖技术(assisted reproduc⁃ tive technology,ART)的不断发展完善,PCOS不孕人群可通过体外受精/卵胞质内单精子注射-胚胎移植 (in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection ⁃ embryo transfer,IVF/ICSI⁃ET)助孕[4]。既往有研究表明PCOS女性流产风险增加[5],但目前结果仍有争议。为进一步明确PCOS是否增加接受IVF治疗患者的流产风险,本研究回顾性分析 PCOS 不孕患者接受IVF⁃ET助孕的相关临床数据,以期为PCOS患者的助孕决策提供一定的理论依据。

  • 1 对象和方法

  • 1.1 对象

  • 回顾性分析2016年4月—2021年4月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院生殖医学中心首次行 IVF⁃ ET助孕后获临床单胎妊娠的655例PCOS患者的临床资料,并分析同期单纯输卵管因素不孕患者的临床资料,采用倾向性评分(propensity score matching, PSM)匹配,匹配协变量为患者年龄及体重指数 (body mass index,BMI),匹配比例为1∶1,分为研究组(PCOS 组)和对照组(单纯输卵管因素不孕组),对两组相关指标进行比较。纳入标准:①符合鹿特丹诊断标准,诊断为 PCOS 的患者或单纯输卵管因素的不孕患者;②新鲜周期胚胎移植;③单囊胚移植;④首次行IVF⁃ET治疗;⑤临床单胎妊娠。排除标准:①生殖系统畸形;②子宫腺肌症;③子宫肌瘤;④夫妻一方或双方染色体异常;⑤失访患者;⑥ 有严重内分泌疾病或免疫系统疾病。

  • 本研究已通过南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院伦理委员会批准(批件号:2021⁃384⁃01)。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 所有患者进入IVF周期治疗前均已完善基础性激素及妇科超声等常规检查。本研究中根据不孕患者年龄、BMI及卵巢储备等综合情况制定个体化长效长方案控制性促排卵方案(长效达必佳3.750 mg或 1.875 mg),当超声监测2个或2个以上主导卵泡直径≥18 mm时,予人绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chori⁃ onic gonadotrophin,hCG,瑞士默克雪兰诺公司)注射诱导卵子成熟。34~36 h后由手术医生在阴道超声监护下行卵巢穿刺取卵术。常规IVF授精,胚胎培养。取卵后第5天行新鲜囊胚移植,术后予常规黄体支持治疗。移植后14 d检验血β⁃hCG,阳性者在胚胎移植后30 d行阴道超声检查,查见孕囊为临床妊娠。

  • 记录两组男方年龄、女方年龄,女方BMI、基础卵泡刺激素(follicle⁃stimulating hormone,FSH)、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)、促性腺激素(go⁃ nadotropins,Gn)使用时间、Gn 用量,hCG 扳机日雌二醇(E2)、孕激素(P)、LH水平,hCG扳机日子宫内膜厚度、获卵数、男方精液参数等。主要观察指标定为流产率、早期流产率和晚期流产率。

  • 1.3 统计学方法

  • 应用 SPSS 22.0 进行统计分析,计量资料以均数±标准差(x-±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验;计数资料以率(%)表示,组间比较采用卡方检验。P<0.05 为差异有统计学意义。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 两组患者一般临床资料比较

  • 本研究共纳入1 310例患者,其中研究组655例,对照组655例。两组患者男方年龄、女方年龄、女方 BMI、男方精液参数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组的不孕年限、基础 LH 水平均显著高于对照组(P <0.05),而基础 FSH 水平显著低于对照组 (P <0.05,表1)。

  • 2.2 两组患者超促排卵相关指标及流产率比较

  • 在控制性超促排卵过程中,研究组与对照组获卵数、hCG日子宫内膜厚度、可移植胚胎数及hCG日 E2差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,研究组患者需要更多的Gn以及更长的Gn使用时间, hCG日FSH、LH及P水平均低于对照组(P<0.05,表2)。妊娠后流产率、早期流产率及晚期流产率两组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,表2)。

  • 表1 两组一般临床资料

  • Table1 General clinical data of the two groups

  • 2.3 不同BMI亚组分析

  • 根据 BMI 值对纳入人群进行分组:正常及低体重组(BMI<24 kg/m2)、超重组(24 kg/m2 ≤BMI<28 kg/m2)、肥胖组(BMI≥28 kg/m2[6]。正常及低体重组 576 例,其中研究组 289 例,对照组 287 例;超重组 496 例,其中研究组 246 例,对照组 250 例;肥胖组 238 例,其中研究组 120 例,对照组 118 例。对于临床单胎妊娠患者,研究组与对照组的流产率在各 BMI亚组中相似(P>0.05,表3)。

  • 3 讨论

  • PCOS全球发病率为6%~20%[2]。PCOS的确切病因目前仍不清楚,可能与多种因素密切相关[7],包括生活方式及环境因素改变,激素改变如维生素 D 的缺乏[8],精神和心理压力变化等,且具有家族性和遗传性。有研究指出[9],20%~40%的 PCOS 患者的主要女性亲属会继续发展为 PCOS。也有研究报道[10],PCOS 具有家族聚集性。推测可能对子代健康产生不利影响。PCOS 作为一种复杂疾病,对于女性生殖的影响,更加不可忽视。

  • 表2 两组超促排卵指标及相关流产率比较

  • Table2 Comparison of hyperstimulation ovulation indicators and related miscarriage rates between the two groups

  • 表3 不同BMI亚组分析

  • Table3 Analysis of different BMI subgroups

  • PCOS 患者除了面临不孕的困扰,在维持妊娠方面同样面临不少问题。既往有多项研究讨论了 PCOS 患者妊娠后相关流产风险的情况。研究指出,PCOS 患者妊娠后,流产风险明显增加,早期流产率高达 30%~50%[11]。He 等[12]研究发现,由于 PCOS 人群处于内分泌失衡的状态,LH 分泌过多, FSH分泌缺乏,伴随高雄激素血症和高胰岛素血症,对卵母细胞成熟和胚胎质量产生负面影响。Kara 等[13] 研究提示,PCOS 患者子宫内膜中一些与子宫内膜容受性密切相关的分子,如白血病抑制因子、同源基因⁃10 等表达下降,这也有可能对妊娠结局产生不利影响。荟萃分析发现,与非 PCOS 女性相比,PCOS女性流产风险高2.9倍[14],且PCOS女性存在胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)的风险更高[15]。 IR可能增加血液中同型半胱氨酸及睾酮的浓度,致使血管内皮细胞的氧化应激反应增加,影响血管的完整性,减少子宫内膜的血供,最终导致早期流产[16]。氧化应激反应在PCOS的发生中是非常重要的一个环节,PCOS人群体内具有多种氧化应激状态,而非正常生理状态的氧化应激反应很可能会增加早期流产的风险[17]。同时也有研究表明,PCOS 是因宫颈机能不全发生晚期流产的高危因素[18]。同时,有回顾性研究表明,PCOS 与胚胎非整倍体比例无关[19],并且 PCOS 患者和非 PCOS 患者的流产风险相似[20],这与本研究结果一致。在本研究中,对于实现临床单胎妊娠的患者,无论是早期流产还是晚期流产风险,在研究组人群和对照组人群中差异均无统计学意义。

  • PCOS 女性多数伴有超重或肥胖,不良妊娠结局与PCOS的相关性在不同的孕前BMI区间可能存在差异[13]。Ben等[21] 研究显示,正常体重和肥胖人群的临床妊娠结局差异无统计学意义。在 Elkholi 等[22]的一项研究中,患有 PCOS 的肥胖女性与非 PCOS女性进行年龄和BMI匹配后进行了比较,未发现各组人群在不良妊娠结局方面存在差异,提示排除年龄及BMI影响后,PCOS患者不良妊娠结局的风险增高可能并不显著。本研究结果也发现,对于实现单胎妊娠的PCOS人群,与对照组非PCOS人群按不同BMI区间进行亚组分层分析,流产率在各亚组中均呈相似水平。

  • IVF⁃ET技术相关研究提示,移植胚胎类型、BMI 等多个因素会影响流产率[23-24]。在本研究中,控制了移植胚胎类型、移植胚胎时机、移植胚胎数量、研究人群年龄及BMI等混杂变量后,比较了实现单胎妊娠的PCOS患者和非PCOS患者的流产率,发现两组人群流产率差异并无统计学意义。但同时,本回顾性研究具有一定局限性,本研究对 PCOS 人群流产率的观察是基于IVF⁃ET技术辅助治疗助孕后实现单胎妊娠人群的结果,可能不适用于自然妊娠或接受其他如中医中药治疗后妊娠及多胎妊娠的女性。本研究纳入的样本量有限,还需要进一步扩大样本量,控制更多混杂因素的前瞻性研究来观察 PCOS人群的流产情况。

  • 综上所述,本研究发现行首次 IVF⁃ET 助孕的 PCOS 患者在实现单胎妊娠时,与单纯输卵管因素不孕患者相比,流产风险相似。据此,对于行IVF助孕治疗的 PCOS 患者,更加推荐行新鲜周期的单囊胚移植,可获得令人满意的临床妊娠结局。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] STEIN I,LEVENTHAL M.Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries[J].Am J Obstet Gynecol,1935,29(2):181-191

    • [2] ESCOBAR⁃MORREALE H F.Polycystic ovary syndrome:definition,aetiology,diagnosis and treatment[J].Nat Rev Endocrinol,2018,14(5):270-284

    • [3] NEVEN A C H,LAVEN J,TEEDE H J,et al.A Summary on polycystic ovary syndrome:diagnostic criteria,preva⁃ lence,clinical manifestations,and management according to the latest international guidelines[J].Semin Reprod Med,2018,36(1):5-12

    • [4] TANG K F,WU L,LUO Y,et al.In vitro fertilization out⁃ comes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome:a meta⁃ analysis[J].Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol,2021,259:146-152

    • [5] 刘学思,乔岩岩.多囊卵巢综合征患者自然流产发病机制的研究进展[J].中国优生与遗传杂志,2021,29(7):1034-1039

    • [6] 卫生部疾病控制司.中国成人超重和肥胖症预防控制指南(2003)[Z]

    • [7] DESWAL R,NARWAL V,DANG A,et al.The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome:a brief systematic review [J].J Hum Reprod Sci,2020,13(4):261-271

    • [8] 周加敏,吴婷婷,陈琳,等.维生素D缺乏与多囊卵巢综合征发病机制的相关性研究[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版).2023,43(7):934-943

    • [9] ZHAO S,TIA Y,GAO X,et al.Family⁃based analysis of eight susceptibility loci in polycystic ovary syndrome[J].Sci Rep,2015,29(5):12619

    • [10] SHAABAN Z,KHORADMEHR A,AMIRI⁃YEKTA A,et al.Pathophysiologic mechanisms of obesityand chronic in⁃ flammation ⁃ related genes inetiology of polycystic ovary syndrome[J].Iran J Basic Med Sci,2019,22(12):1378-1386

    • [11] 覃晓,庞海燕,黎枝,等.多囊卵巢综合征患者孕早期自然流产的危险因素分析[J].广西医科大学学报,2021,38(3):570-573

    • [12] HE Y,LU Y,ZHU Q,et al.Influence of metabolic syn⁃ drome on female fertility and invitro fertilization outcomes in PCOS women[J].Am J Obstet Gynecol,2019,221(2):138.e1-138.e12

    • [13] KARA M,OZCAN S S,ARAN T,et al.Evaluation of en⁃ dometrial receptivity by measuring HOXA⁃10,HOXA⁃11,and leukemia inhibitory factor expression in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome[J].Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther,2019,8(3):118-122

    • [14] YU H F,CHEN H S,RAO D P,et al.Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of pregnancy com⁃ plications:a PRISMA ⁃ compliant systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J].Medicine,2016,95(51):e4863

    • [15] 王秋毅,黄薇.重视多囊卵巢综合征代谢紊乱问题 [J].实用妇产科杂志,2018,34(8):564-566

    • [16] ASANIDZE E,KRISTESASHVILI J,ANDGULADZE S.Correlation between levels of homocysteine,anti ⁃mulleri⁃ an hormone and insulin resistance in PCOS patient with recurrent miscarriage[J].Georgian Med News,2019,290:25-29

    • [17] KIRMIZI D A,BASER E,TURKSOY V A,et al.Are heavy metal exposure and trace element levels related to metabolic and endocrine problems in polycystic ovary syn⁃ drome[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,2020,198(1):77-86

    • [18] 冯娟,李坪芬,宋飞,等.多囊卵巢综合征患者发生宫颈机能不全高危因素的研究进展[J].中国计划生育和妇产科,2022,14(6):34-37

    • [19] WANG Q,LUO L,LEI Q,et al.Low aneuploidy rate in early pregnancy loss abortuses from patients with polycys⁃ tic ovary syndrome[J].Reprod Biomed Online,2016,33(1):85-92

    • [20] 张琍钧,王兴玲.高AMH水平PCOS与非PCOS患者新鲜胚胎移植妊娠结局比较[J].现代妇产科进展,2023,32(6):442-445

    • [21] BEN H A,SIROTA I,SALMAN L,et al.The influence of body mass index on pregnancy outcome following single ⁃ emryotransfer[J].J Assist Reprod Genet,2018,35(7):1295-1300

    • [22] ELKHOLI D,NAGYA H M.The effects of adipocytokines on the endocrino ⁃ metabolic features and obstetric out⁃ come in pregnant obese women with polycystic ovary syn⁃ drome[J].Middle East Fertil Soc J,2014,19(4):293-302

    • [23] BOURDON M,PORATE⁃CHERIET K,FINETDE B A,et al.Day 5 versus day 6 blastocyst transfers:a systematic re⁃ view and meta ⁃ analysis clinical outcomes[J].Hum Re⁃ prod,2019,34(10):1948-1964

    • [24] SUPRAMANIAM P R,MITTAL M,MCVEIGH E,et al.The correlation between raised body mass index and as⁃ sisted reproductive treatment outcomes:a systematic re⁃ view and meta ⁃ analysis ofthe evidence[J].Reprod Health,2018,15(1):34

  • 参考文献

    • [1] STEIN I,LEVENTHAL M.Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries[J].Am J Obstet Gynecol,1935,29(2):181-191

    • [2] ESCOBAR⁃MORREALE H F.Polycystic ovary syndrome:definition,aetiology,diagnosis and treatment[J].Nat Rev Endocrinol,2018,14(5):270-284

    • [3] NEVEN A C H,LAVEN J,TEEDE H J,et al.A Summary on polycystic ovary syndrome:diagnostic criteria,preva⁃ lence,clinical manifestations,and management according to the latest international guidelines[J].Semin Reprod Med,2018,36(1):5-12

    • [4] TANG K F,WU L,LUO Y,et al.In vitro fertilization out⁃ comes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome:a meta⁃ analysis[J].Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol,2021,259:146-152

    • [5] 刘学思,乔岩岩.多囊卵巢综合征患者自然流产发病机制的研究进展[J].中国优生与遗传杂志,2021,29(7):1034-1039

    • [6] 卫生部疾病控制司.中国成人超重和肥胖症预防控制指南(2003)[Z]

    • [7] DESWAL R,NARWAL V,DANG A,et al.The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome:a brief systematic review [J].J Hum Reprod Sci,2020,13(4):261-271

    • [8] 周加敏,吴婷婷,陈琳,等.维生素D缺乏与多囊卵巢综合征发病机制的相关性研究[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版).2023,43(7):934-943

    • [9] ZHAO S,TIA Y,GAO X,et al.Family⁃based analysis of eight susceptibility loci in polycystic ovary syndrome[J].Sci Rep,2015,29(5):12619

    • [10] SHAABAN Z,KHORADMEHR A,AMIRI⁃YEKTA A,et al.Pathophysiologic mechanisms of obesityand chronic in⁃ flammation ⁃ related genes inetiology of polycystic ovary syndrome[J].Iran J Basic Med Sci,2019,22(12):1378-1386

    • [11] 覃晓,庞海燕,黎枝,等.多囊卵巢综合征患者孕早期自然流产的危险因素分析[J].广西医科大学学报,2021,38(3):570-573

    • [12] HE Y,LU Y,ZHU Q,et al.Influence of metabolic syn⁃ drome on female fertility and invitro fertilization outcomes in PCOS women[J].Am J Obstet Gynecol,2019,221(2):138.e1-138.e12

    • [13] KARA M,OZCAN S S,ARAN T,et al.Evaluation of en⁃ dometrial receptivity by measuring HOXA⁃10,HOXA⁃11,and leukemia inhibitory factor expression in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome[J].Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther,2019,8(3):118-122

    • [14] YU H F,CHEN H S,RAO D P,et al.Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of pregnancy com⁃ plications:a PRISMA ⁃ compliant systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J].Medicine,2016,95(51):e4863

    • [15] 王秋毅,黄薇.重视多囊卵巢综合征代谢紊乱问题 [J].实用妇产科杂志,2018,34(8):564-566

    • [16] ASANIDZE E,KRISTESASHVILI J,ANDGULADZE S.Correlation between levels of homocysteine,anti ⁃mulleri⁃ an hormone and insulin resistance in PCOS patient with recurrent miscarriage[J].Georgian Med News,2019,290:25-29

    • [17] KIRMIZI D A,BASER E,TURKSOY V A,et al.Are heavy metal exposure and trace element levels related to metabolic and endocrine problems in polycystic ovary syn⁃ drome[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,2020,198(1):77-86

    • [18] 冯娟,李坪芬,宋飞,等.多囊卵巢综合征患者发生宫颈机能不全高危因素的研究进展[J].中国计划生育和妇产科,2022,14(6):34-37

    • [19] WANG Q,LUO L,LEI Q,et al.Low aneuploidy rate in early pregnancy loss abortuses from patients with polycys⁃ tic ovary syndrome[J].Reprod Biomed Online,2016,33(1):85-92

    • [20] 张琍钧,王兴玲.高AMH水平PCOS与非PCOS患者新鲜胚胎移植妊娠结局比较[J].现代妇产科进展,2023,32(6):442-445

    • [21] BEN H A,SIROTA I,SALMAN L,et al.The influence of body mass index on pregnancy outcome following single ⁃ emryotransfer[J].J Assist Reprod Genet,2018,35(7):1295-1300

    • [22] ELKHOLI D,NAGYA H M.The effects of adipocytokines on the endocrino ⁃ metabolic features and obstetric out⁃ come in pregnant obese women with polycystic ovary syn⁃ drome[J].Middle East Fertil Soc J,2014,19(4):293-302

    • [23] BOURDON M,PORATE⁃CHERIET K,FINETDE B A,et al.Day 5 versus day 6 blastocyst transfers:a systematic re⁃ view and meta ⁃ analysis clinical outcomes[J].Hum Re⁃ prod,2019,34(10):1948-1964

    • [24] SUPRAMANIAM P R,MITTAL M,MCVEIGH E,et al.The correlation between raised body mass index and as⁃ sisted reproductive treatment outcomes:a systematic re⁃ view and meta ⁃ analysis ofthe evidence[J].Reprod Health,2018,15(1):34

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