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通讯作者:

董艳彬,E-mail:dybbin@163.com

中图分类号:R575.4;R587.1

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1007-4368(2024)07-934-07

DOI:10.7655/NYDXBNSN230987

参考文献 1
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参考文献 2
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参考文献 3
ZHOU Y Y,LU G Z,BAI Y P,et al.Retrospective study of characteristics and management of pyogenic liver abscess during 5 years’experience[J].Int J Clin Exp Pathol,2021,14(2):252-260
参考文献 4
ALBERTI K G,ZIMMET P Z.Definition,diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications.Part 1:diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation[J].Diabet Med,1998,15(7):539-553
参考文献 5
WHO.Use of glycated haemoglobin(HbA1c)in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus:abbreviated report of a WHO consultation[R].Geneva:World Health Organization,2011
参考文献 6
WANG W J,TAO Z,WU H L.Etiology and clinical manifestations of bacterial liver abscess:a study of 102 cases[J].BMC Med,2018,97(38):e12326
参考文献 7
WANG J L,HSU C R,WU C Y,et al.Diabetes and obesity and risk of pyogenic liver abscess[J].Sci Rep,2023,13(1):7922
参考文献 8
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参考文献 9
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参考文献 10
高伟,倪海滨,张家留,等.外周静脉⁃动脉血乳酸差值对感染性休克患者预后的预测价值[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2020,40(8):1170-1175
参考文献 11
CHARITOS I A,TOPI S,CASTELLANETA F,et al.Current issues and perspectives in patients with possible sepsis at emergency departments[J].Antibiotics(Basel),2019,8(2):56
参考文献 12
KIM E J,HA K H,KIM D J,et al.Diabetes and the risk of infection:a national cohort study[J].Diabetes Metab J,2019,43(6):804-814
参考文献 13
LI S,YU S,PENG M,et al.Clinical features and development of sepsis in Klebsiella pneumoniae infected liver abscess patients:a retrospective analysis of 135 cases[J].BMC Infect Dis,2021,21(1):597
参考文献 14
姚娜,毕铭辕,康文,等.肝脓肿371例临床特点分析[J].中国感染与化疗杂志,2021,21(3):249-253
参考文献 15
GUO Y,WANG H,LIU Z,et al.Comprehensive analysis of the microbiome and metabolome in pus from pyogenic liver abscess patients with and without diabetes mellitus[J].Front Microbiol,2023,14:1211835
参考文献 16
甘宇婧,史如鹏,吴丹瑛,等.老年脓毒症患者早期炎症因子水平及预后的相关性分析[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2023,43(9):1208-1215
参考文献 17
WANG H,XUE X.Clinical manifestations,diagnosis,treatment,and outcome of pyogenic liver abscess:a retrospective study[J].J Int Med Res,2023,51(6):3000605231180053
参考文献 18
SUNGURLU S,KUPPY J,BALK R A.Role of antithrombin Ⅲ and tissue factor pathway in the pathogenesis of sepsis[J].Crit Care Clin,2020,36(2):255-265
目录contents

    摘要

    目的:通过分析细菌性肝脓肿合并糖尿病患者脓毒性休克的临床特征,探究预测休克的早期危险因素。方法:收集南京医科大学第一附属医院2017年1月—2021年4月经CT引导下穿刺诊断为肝脓肿的240例糖尿病患者的临床资料,依据住院期间是否出现脓毒性休克分为休克组及非休克组。纳入患者初诊时一般资料、首诊症状、生命体征、腹部CT及血生化指标等,对休克的危险因素进行综合分析。结果:①休克组与非休克组一般资料比较,休克组年龄更大,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 ②休克组患者呼吸频率、心率及最高体温均较非休克组患者显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),两组平均动脉压及脓肿的CT表现差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。③休克组白细胞计数及中性粒细胞计数较非休克组显著增加,血小板计数显著减少。 ④休克组凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶时间均较非休克组显著延长(P < 0.05),凝血酶原时间国际化标准化比值增高(P < 0.05)。⑤经二元Logistic回归分析显示呼吸频率、最高体温及凝血酶原时间是脓毒性休克的独立预测因素。结论:初诊时患者呼吸频率、最高体温及凝血酶原时间可为细菌性肝脓肿合并糖尿病患者休克的早期识别提供重要预测价值。

    Abstract

    Objective:By analyzing the clinical characteristics of septic shock in patients of pyogenic liver abscess complicated with diabetes,we explored the early risk factors for shock prediction. Methods:We collected the clinical data of 240 diabetic patients with liver abscesses assessed by computerized tomography(CT)in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2017 to April 2021. According to whether septic shock occurred or not during hospitalization,these patients were divided into a shock group and a non-shock group. The general information of patients at the first visit,symptoms,basic vital signs,abdominal CT and blood biochemical indicators,etc. were analyzed to identify the risk factors of shock. Results:①Comparing the general data of two groups, there was a significant difference in age(P < 0.05). ②There were significant differences in respiratory rate,heart rate and maximum body temperature between the two groups of patients(P < 0.05),and the differences in mean arterial pressure and CT manifestations of absess were not statistically significant between two groups(P > 0.05). ③Compared with the non-shock group,the white blood cell count and neutrophil count in the shock group were significantly increased,but the platelet count was significantly decreased. ④The prothrombin time,international standardized ratio of prothrombin time,partial thromboplastin activation time,and thrombin time were significantly prolonged in the shock group compared with the non -shock group(P < 0.05). ⑤The binary logistic regression analysis showed that respiratory rate,maximum body temperature and prothrombin time were independent predictors of septic shock. Conclusion:The respiratory rate,maximum body temperature and prothrombin time of patients at the first diagnosis may provide important predictive value for the early identification of shock in patients with pyogenic liver abscess complicated with diabetes.

    关键词

    肝脓肿糖尿病休克危险因素

    Keywords

    liver abscessdiabetesshockrisk factors

  • 细菌性肝脓肿(pyogenic liver abscess,PLA)是细菌从多种途径侵袭肝脏,引起肝细胞坏死,最终形成脓腔的一类感染性疾病。尽管 PLA 致病微生物在全球的分布及各地诊疗水平存在差异,但其病死率较高,为2%~31%[1]。既往研究证实,与非糖尿病患者相比,糖尿病患者PLA的发生率显著增加[2]。糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)升高、伴发恶性肿瘤和感染性休克是PLA的3个独立危险因素[3]。目前,针对PLA合并糖尿病患者预后分析的研究较少,因此本研究回顾性分析了PLA合并糖尿病患者的临床数据,总结其发病初期的临床特点,为探究 PLA 合并糖尿病患者出现脓毒性休克的危险因素提供依据。

  • 1 对象和方法

  • 1.1 对象

  • 收集2017年1月—2021年4月在南京医科大学第一附属医院首诊的240例PLA合并糖尿病患者的临床资料。纳入标准:①超声、多排螺旋CT等影像学检查提示为肝脓肿;②CT引导下肝穿刺或外科手术证实;③罹患糖尿病,糖尿病诊断标准参照WHO 1999年的糖尿病诊断及分型标准[4],并根据2011年的 WHO 建议[5],HbA1c≥6.5%诊断为糖尿病。排除标准:①阿米巴脓肿、结核性脓肿及真菌感染等;②非南京医科大学第一附属医院首诊患者,病历资料不完整;③PLA非患者主要入院诊断及死亡诊断;④合并肝癌,正在行放化疗。依据2016国际脓毒症及脓毒性休克指南Sepsis 3.0标准,将所有患者分为休克组(47例,19.6%)及非休克组(193 例, 80.4%)。本研究经医院伦理委员会批准(2022⁃SR⁃345),所有患者均知情同意。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 所有血液检测项目均在南京医科大学第一附属医院检验中心测定,血常规采用流式荧光染色检测,生化指标采用速率法检测;凝血功能、血沉、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、C⁃反应蛋白(C⁃reactive protein,CRP)、铁蛋白分别采用凝固+免疫比浊法、定量毛细管分光光度法、化学发光法、免疫比浊法、化学发光法检测。

  • 1.3 统计学方法

  • 所有数据均采用SPSS 21.0统计分析,符合正态分布的数据采用均数±标准差(x-±s)表示,不符合正态分布的数据用中位数(四分位数)[MP25P75)]表示,计数资料使用例数和构成比或率[n(%)]表示。计数资料采用卡方检验进行组间比较,不满足使用条件时采用确切概率法。针对各变量诊断精度通过绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线计算曲线下面积(area under the curve, AUC)、灵敏度、特异度、cut⁃off值进行评价。危险因素分析采用二元Logistic回归方程。采用逐步法进行多因素变量筛选,并将P <0.1的数据纳入多因素回归方程中。P <0.05为差异有统计学意义。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 休克组和非休克组一般资料比较

  • 两组年龄、急性生理及慢性健康(acute physio⁃ logical and chronic health,APACHEⅡ)评分及肝功能分级(Child⁃Turcotte⁃Pugh,CTP)评分存在显著差异(P <0.05),身高、体重、体重指数(body mass index, BMI)及既往病史差异均无统计学意义(表1)。

  • 2.2 休克组和非休克组初诊临床资料比较

  • 两组患者临床症状、呼吸频率、心率及最高体温差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05),平均动脉压及 CT影像学表现差异无统计学意义,克雷伯杆菌和大肠埃希菌为最常见细菌,其他单一细菌感染共4例,分别为粪肠球菌1例、链球菌2例、金黄色葡萄球菌 1例,240例患者中1例病原学结果为肺炎克雷伯杆菌与大肠埃希菌的混合感染(表2)。

  • 2.3 休克组和非休克组血常规比较

  • 休克组白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)计数及中性粒细胞(neutrophils,NE)计数较非休克组显著增加,血小板(platelet,PLT)计数显著减少(P <0.05)。肝肾功能中除球蛋白(globulin,GLB)休克组显著升高外,余指标差异均无统计学意义(表3)。

  • 2.4 休克组和非休克组凝血功能和炎症指标比较

  • 两组患者比较,凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶时间均显著延长,PT国际化标准化比值增高(P <0.05,表4)。2 组患者炎症指标比较差异均无统计学意义(表5)。

  • 表1 2组患者一般资料比较

  • Table1 Comparisons of general data between the two groups

  • APACHEⅡ:acute physiological and chronic health;CTP:Child⁃Turcotte⁃Pugh.

  • 表2 2组患者初诊临床资料比较

  • Table2 Comparisons of clinical data at initial diagnosis between the two groups

  • 2.5 ROC曲线分析

  • 将上述指标统一纳入 ROC 曲线分析后发现, APACHEⅡ及CTP评分AUC最大,对PLA合并糖尿病患者出现休克的预测价值最高。其次心率及最高体温AUC 较大。其中预测脓毒性休克的心率临界值为 88 次/min,灵敏度和特异度分别为 61.9%和 66.0%。而最高体温的临界值为38.85℃,其灵敏度可达到 75.6%。其余指标同样具有较高参考价值 (表6)。

  • 2.6 死亡组与存活组差异指标比较

  • 生存结局表明非休克组死亡 0 例,休克组死亡 9 例。为进一步明确以上差异指标对于患者死亡的预测价值,亚组分析后发现休克患者中死亡组和存活组患者的呼吸频率、APACHEⅡ评分及CTP评分差异均有统计学意义(表7)。

  • 2.7 二元Logistic回归分析结果

  • 采用单因素回归分析证实心率、WBC计数、NE 计数、PT国际化标准化比值、活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶时间、GLB 等均与休克无明确线性关系(P >0.1)。将呼吸频率、最高体温、PT、APACHEⅡ 评分及CTP评分共同纳入二元Logistic回归分析后发现呼吸频率、最高体温及PT是PLA合并糖尿病患者出现脓毒性休克的独立预测因素(P <0.05,表8)。

  • 表3 2组患者生化结果比较

  • Table3 Comparisons of biochemical results between the two groups

  • WBC:white blood cell;NE:neutrophil;RBC:red blood cell;HGB:hemoglobin;PLT:platelet;NLR:neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio;ALT:alanine aminotransferase;AST:aspartate aminotransferase;GLB:globulin;TBIL:total bilirubin;DBIL:direct bilirubin;BUN:blood urea nitrogen;SCr:serum creatinine.

  • 表4 2组患者凝血功能比较

  • Table4 Comparisons of coagulation function between the two groups

  • PT:prothrombin time.

  • 表5 2组患者炎症指标比较

  • Table5 Comparisons of inflammatory indicators between the two groups

  • PCT:procalcitonin;CRP:C⁃reactive protein.

  • 3 讨论

  • PLA是一类肝脏的感染性疾病,由于其双重血供,来自肝动脉和门静脉系统的感染源均可致病,病情危重可发生脓毒性休克,甚至死亡,PLA常见于肝病、胆道疾病、糖尿病及有创性手术的患者。既往研究发现,与非糖尿病患者相比,糖尿病患者更易发生PLA[6]。同时,对于控制不佳的糖尿病,PLA 的发生风险更高,通过改善血糖可以有效降低PLA 的发生率[7]。在人群分布中,本研究发现PLA合并糖尿病患者多为男性,既往研究证实在对感染和脓毒症的反应上,存在明显的性别差异。女性脓毒症的发病率较低,而且似乎比男性恢复得更快[8],这揭示了雌激素可能在脓毒症发病过程有重要作用。年龄比较发现,与非休克组相比,休克组患者年龄更大。基于一项855例脓毒症患者的前瞻性研究表明,年龄增加与脓毒症的严重程度显著相关(P <0.05), 65岁以上患者发生脓毒症休克的可能性更大。原因在于一方面老年人病原体清除效率低,导致免疫反应时间延长,另一方面免疫衰退时炎症易感性更强,且由于生理储备有限,导致促炎细胞因子释放更多[9]。既往曾有研究证实脓毒性休克死亡患者的 APACHEⅡ评分显著升高[10],本研究同样证实 CTP 评分和APACHEⅡ评分在休克组中明显增加,再次提示在 PLA 合并糖尿病患者中早期进行 CTP 评分和APACHEⅡ评分的重要价值。

  • 表6 ROC曲线分析预测休克指标临界值

  • Table6 ROC curve analysis of cut⁃off values for predicting shock indicators

  • WBC:white blood cell;NE:neutrophil;PT:prothrombin time;GLB:globulin;APACHEⅡ:acute physiological and chronic health;CTP:Child⁃ Turcotte⁃Pugh.

  • 表7 死亡组与存活组差异指标比较

  • Table7 Comparisons of difference indicators between the death group and the survival group

  • WBC:white blood cell;NE:neutrophil;PT:prothrombin time;GLB:globulin;APACHEⅡ:acute physiological and chronic health;CTP:Child⁃Tur⁃ cotte⁃Pugh.

  • 表8 脓毒性休克的二元Logistic回归分析

  • Table8 Binary logistic regression analysis of septic shock

  • PT:prothrombin time.

  • 对初诊患者生命体征统计分析后发现,休克组患者发病初期的心率、最高体温及呼吸频率比非休克组显著增加,这与脓毒性休克的早期表现一致。当前在急危重症领域,对怀疑存在脓毒症患者的管理主要包含以下3个方面:①对潜在脓毒症患者的识别;②实验室检查;③脓毒症及脓毒症休克患者的经验性抗生素治疗,其中排在首位的是早期识别[11]。当前通过快速序贯器官衰竭评分≥2分、呼吸频率≥22 次/min 即确定为脓毒症可能。但有研究发现,院前快速序贯器官衰竭评分对最终确诊为脓毒症休克的患者,仅具有 16.3%的灵敏度和 97.3%的特异度。本研究证实了心率>88次/min及最高体温>38.85℃对预测糖尿病合并PLA患者出现脓毒性休克同样重要,是否可将两者共同纳入超早期病情评估有待进一步研究。

  • 糖尿病患者因脓毒症休克住院的概率是非糖尿病患者的2倍[12],与糖尿病患者NE趋化和吞噬功能异常密切相关[13]。肝脓肿病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌为优势菌群[14],本研究与其一致。在病原学分类中,克雷伯杆菌均为两组患者的主要致病菌,既往研究发现PLA合并糖尿病患者脓腔中克雷伯菌的相对丰度高于非糖尿病患者,并伴有多种代谢物和代谢途径的改变,这可能导致患者病情更加危重[15]。而本研究未发现合并糖尿病的脓毒症休克患者的克雷伯杆菌感染率高于非脓毒症休克患者,可能原因是部分休克组患者病原学结果未明确。炎性指标在感染性疾病诊断中发挥重要作用,细菌感染可导致WBC、NE计数、CRP及PCT水平的升高。曾有研究表明,在老年脓毒症患者中,脓毒症休克组PCT、CRP等均显著高于脓毒症组[16]。本研究结果显示WBC及NE计数在判别是否并发脓毒症休克中的作用较 CRP 及 PCT 更大,与上述结果存在差异的原因可能在于未将患者按年龄分组,且老年脓毒症患者预后更差等。超声及CT检查在诊断肝脓肿时发挥重要作用,90%以上的病例可以通过超声或CT诊断,增强CT的诊断价值优于超声,对于病灶<3 cm的肝脓肿,抗生素可有效治疗;对于较大的病灶,在选择有效抗生素的同时,经皮肝脏穿刺引流或手术引流也可发挥重要作用[17]

  • 凝血功能障碍在脓毒症的发生发展中起着非常重要的作用,在本研究中,休克组超早期主要的凝血功能障碍表现为PT、凝血酶时间以及活化部分凝血活酶时间的延长。在脓毒症中,机体凝血系统被激活,导致高凝状态,抗凝机制受损,大量微血栓形成,凝血因子被大量消耗,人体因炎性反应和内毒素等作用导致凝血因子合成活性下降,这些因素均可延长 PT、凝血酶时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间。当前,考虑到抗凝血酶的水平降低与脓毒性休克、多器官衰竭和死亡的发生相关,抗凝血酶在脓毒性休克的应用在全球迅速开展,但目前研究发现在脓毒症和脓毒症休克中采用抗凝血酶并没有提高患者的生存率[18]。PLA合并糖尿病患者进一步的凝血功能管理目前尚无定论,本研究证实休克组患者血小板显著降低,PT显著延长,PT国际化标准化比值显著增高,一方面可能是由于休克导致肝脏血流灌注下降,另一方面也反映肝功能失代偿程度更高。同时本研究证实PT延长是PLA合并糖尿病患者出现休克的独立危险因素,应格外关注早期即出现凝血功能异常的患者。

  • PLA合并糖尿病患者的脓毒性休克的早期识别至关重要,对于呼吸频率增快、最高体温持续不降以及凝血功能异常的患者,应密切监测其血流动力学变化,以改善患者预后。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] YIN D,JI C,ZHANG S,et al.Clinical characteristics and management of 1 572 patients with pyogenic liver abscess:a 12⁃year retrospective study[J].Liver Int,2021,41(4):810-818

    • [2] WANG T Y,LAI H C,CHEN H H,et al.Pyogenic liver abscess risk in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus:a nationwide,population-based cohort study[J].Front Med(Lausanne),2021,8:675345

    • [3] ZHOU Y Y,LU G Z,BAI Y P,et al.Retrospective study of characteristics and management of pyogenic liver abscess during 5 years’experience[J].Int J Clin Exp Pathol,2021,14(2):252-260

    • [4] ALBERTI K G,ZIMMET P Z.Definition,diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications.Part 1:diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation[J].Diabet Med,1998,15(7):539-553

    • [5] WHO.Use of glycated haemoglobin(HbA1c)in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus:abbreviated report of a WHO consultation[R].Geneva:World Health Organization,2011

    • [6] WANG W J,TAO Z,WU H L.Etiology and clinical manifestations of bacterial liver abscess:a study of 102 cases[J].BMC Med,2018,97(38):e12326

    • [7] WANG J L,HSU C R,WU C Y,et al.Diabetes and obesity and risk of pyogenic liver abscess[J].Sci Rep,2023,13(1):7922

    • [8] LAKBAR I,EINAV S,LALEVÉE N,et al.Interactions between gender and sepsis⁃implications for the future[J].Microorganisms,2023,11(3):746

    • [9] GINDE A A,BLATCHFORD P J,TRZECIAK S,et al.Age-related differences in biomarkers of acute inflammation during hospitalization for sepsis[J].Shock,2014,42(2):99-107

    • [10] 高伟,倪海滨,张家留,等.外周静脉⁃动脉血乳酸差值对感染性休克患者预后的预测价值[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2020,40(8):1170-1175

    • [11] CHARITOS I A,TOPI S,CASTELLANETA F,et al.Current issues and perspectives in patients with possible sepsis at emergency departments[J].Antibiotics(Basel),2019,8(2):56

    • [12] KIM E J,HA K H,KIM D J,et al.Diabetes and the risk of infection:a national cohort study[J].Diabetes Metab J,2019,43(6):804-814

    • [13] LI S,YU S,PENG M,et al.Clinical features and development of sepsis in Klebsiella pneumoniae infected liver abscess patients:a retrospective analysis of 135 cases[J].BMC Infect Dis,2021,21(1):597

    • [14] 姚娜,毕铭辕,康文,等.肝脓肿371例临床特点分析[J].中国感染与化疗杂志,2021,21(3):249-253

    • [15] GUO Y,WANG H,LIU Z,et al.Comprehensive analysis of the microbiome and metabolome in pus from pyogenic liver abscess patients with and without diabetes mellitus[J].Front Microbiol,2023,14:1211835

    • [16] 甘宇婧,史如鹏,吴丹瑛,等.老年脓毒症患者早期炎症因子水平及预后的相关性分析[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2023,43(9):1208-1215

    • [17] WANG H,XUE X.Clinical manifestations,diagnosis,treatment,and outcome of pyogenic liver abscess:a retrospective study[J].J Int Med Res,2023,51(6):3000605231180053

    • [18] SUNGURLU S,KUPPY J,BALK R A.Role of antithrombin Ⅲ and tissue factor pathway in the pathogenesis of sepsis[J].Crit Care Clin,2020,36(2):255-265

  • 参考文献

    • [1] YIN D,JI C,ZHANG S,et al.Clinical characteristics and management of 1 572 patients with pyogenic liver abscess:a 12⁃year retrospective study[J].Liver Int,2021,41(4):810-818

    • [2] WANG T Y,LAI H C,CHEN H H,et al.Pyogenic liver abscess risk in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus:a nationwide,population-based cohort study[J].Front Med(Lausanne),2021,8:675345

    • [3] ZHOU Y Y,LU G Z,BAI Y P,et al.Retrospective study of characteristics and management of pyogenic liver abscess during 5 years’experience[J].Int J Clin Exp Pathol,2021,14(2):252-260

    • [4] ALBERTI K G,ZIMMET P Z.Definition,diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications.Part 1:diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation[J].Diabet Med,1998,15(7):539-553

    • [5] WHO.Use of glycated haemoglobin(HbA1c)in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus:abbreviated report of a WHO consultation[R].Geneva:World Health Organization,2011

    • [6] WANG W J,TAO Z,WU H L.Etiology and clinical manifestations of bacterial liver abscess:a study of 102 cases[J].BMC Med,2018,97(38):e12326

    • [7] WANG J L,HSU C R,WU C Y,et al.Diabetes and obesity and risk of pyogenic liver abscess[J].Sci Rep,2023,13(1):7922

    • [8] LAKBAR I,EINAV S,LALEVÉE N,et al.Interactions between gender and sepsis⁃implications for the future[J].Microorganisms,2023,11(3):746

    • [9] GINDE A A,BLATCHFORD P J,TRZECIAK S,et al.Age-related differences in biomarkers of acute inflammation during hospitalization for sepsis[J].Shock,2014,42(2):99-107

    • [10] 高伟,倪海滨,张家留,等.外周静脉⁃动脉血乳酸差值对感染性休克患者预后的预测价值[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2020,40(8):1170-1175

    • [11] CHARITOS I A,TOPI S,CASTELLANETA F,et al.Current issues and perspectives in patients with possible sepsis at emergency departments[J].Antibiotics(Basel),2019,8(2):56

    • [12] KIM E J,HA K H,KIM D J,et al.Diabetes and the risk of infection:a national cohort study[J].Diabetes Metab J,2019,43(6):804-814

    • [13] LI S,YU S,PENG M,et al.Clinical features and development of sepsis in Klebsiella pneumoniae infected liver abscess patients:a retrospective analysis of 135 cases[J].BMC Infect Dis,2021,21(1):597

    • [14] 姚娜,毕铭辕,康文,等.肝脓肿371例临床特点分析[J].中国感染与化疗杂志,2021,21(3):249-253

    • [15] GUO Y,WANG H,LIU Z,et al.Comprehensive analysis of the microbiome and metabolome in pus from pyogenic liver abscess patients with and without diabetes mellitus[J].Front Microbiol,2023,14:1211835

    • [16] 甘宇婧,史如鹏,吴丹瑛,等.老年脓毒症患者早期炎症因子水平及预后的相关性分析[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2023,43(9):1208-1215

    • [17] WANG H,XUE X.Clinical manifestations,diagnosis,treatment,and outcome of pyogenic liver abscess:a retrospective study[J].J Int Med Res,2023,51(6):3000605231180053

    • [18] SUNGURLU S,KUPPY J,BALK R A.Role of antithrombin Ⅲ and tissue factor pathway in the pathogenesis of sepsis[J].Crit Care Clin,2020,36(2):255-265

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