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通讯作者:

谢渡江,E⁃mail:xdjxdjxdjxdj@126.com

中图分类号:R542.2

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1007-4368(2021)10-1474-06

DOI:10.7655/NYDXBNS20211009

参考文献 1
ROTH C,GANGL C,DALOS D,et al.Incidence of late ⁃ acquired stent malapposition of drug eluting stents with second generation permanent and biodegradable polymer coatings⁃a prospective,randomized comparison using opti⁃ cal coherence tomography[J].J Interv Cardiol,2018,31(6):780-791
参考文献 2
MATSUHIRO Y,NAKAMURA D,SHUTTA R,et al.Dif⁃ ference of vascular healing between bioabsorbable ⁃ poly⁃ mer and durable ⁃ polymer new generation drug ⁃ eluting stents:an optical coherence tomographic analysis[J].Int J Cardiovasc Imaging,2021,37(4):1131-1141
参考文献 3
朱明辉,盛宇峰,焦念方,等.比较血管内超声与冠脉造影指导药物洗脱支架治疗冠心病的Meta分析[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(11):1407-1412
参考文献 4
GAO R L,XU B,LANSKY A J,et al.A randomized com⁃ parison of a novel abluminal groove ⁃filled biodegradable polymer sirolimus ⁃ eluting stent with a durable polymer everolimus⁃eluting stent:clinical and angiographic follow⁃ up of the TARGET Ⅰ trial[J].EuroIntervention,2013,9(1):75-83
参考文献 5
SERRUYS P W,ONG A T L,PIEK J J,et al.A random⁃ ized comparison of a durable polymer everolimus ⁃eluting stent with a bare metal coronary stent:the SPIRIT first trial [J].Euro Intervention,2005,1(1):58-65
参考文献 6
SERRUYS P W,RUYGROK P,NEUZNER J,et al.A ran⁃ domized comparison of an everolimus ⁃ eluting coronary stent with a paclitaxel⁃eluting coronary stent:the SPIRIT Ⅱ trial[J].Euro Intervention,2006,2(3):286-294
参考文献 7
KAJIYA T,YAMAGUCHI H,TAKAOKA J,et al.In⁃stent restenosis assessed with frequency domain optical coher⁃ ence tomography shows smooth coronary arterial healing process in second⁃generation drug⁃eluting stents[J].Sin⁃ gapore Med J,2019,60(1):48-51
参考文献 8
SHI S Y,CHEN K L,GU J,et al.Correlation between pre⁃ procedural plaque morphology and patterns of in ⁃ stent neointimal hyperplasia at 1 ⁃ year follow ⁃ up in patients treated with new ⁃generation drug ⁃eluting stents:an opti⁃ cal coherence tomography based analysis[J].J Interv Car⁃ diol,2018,31(6):737-746
参考文献 9
KONISHI A,IWASAKI M,SHIKE T,et al.Favorable ear⁃ ly vessel healing after everolimus ⁃eluting stent implanta⁃ tion:3⁃,6⁃,and 12⁃month follow⁃up of optical coherence tomography[J].J Cardiol,2018,72(3):193-199
参考文献 10
SONG L,MINTZ G S,YIN D,et al.Characteristics of ear⁃ ly versus late in⁃stent restenosis in second⁃generation drug⁃ eluting stents:an optical coherence tomography study[J].Euro Intervention,2017,13(3):294-302
参考文献 11
GUAGLIUMI G,SHIMAMURA K,SIRBU V,et al.Tem⁃ poral course of vascular healing and neoatherosclerosis af⁃ ter implantation of durable ⁃ or biodegradable ⁃ polymer drug⁃eluting stents[J].Eur Heart J,2018,39(26):2448-2456
参考文献 12
KOPPARA T,TADA T,XHEPA E,et al.Randomised comparison of vascular response to biodegradable poly⁃ mer sirolimus eluting and permanent polymer everolimus eluting stents:an optical coherence tomography study[J].Int J Cardiol,2018,258:42-49
参考文献 13
KURAMITSU S,KAZUNO Y,SONODA S,et al.Vascular response to bioresorbable polymer sirolimus ⁃eluting stent vs.permanent polymer everolimus ⁃ eluting stent at 9 ⁃ month follow ⁃ up:an optical coherence tomography sub ⁃ study from the CENTURY Ⅱ trial[J].Eur Heart J Cardio⁃ vasc Imaging,2016,17(1):34-40
参考文献 14
KARJALAINEN P,PAANA T,YLITALO A,et al.Optical coherence tomography follow⁃up 18 months after titanium⁃ nitride ⁃oxide ⁃coated versus everolimus ⁃eluting stent im⁃ plantation in patients with acute coronary syndrome[J].Acta Radiol,2017,58(9):1077-1084
参考文献 15
PURI R,OTAEGUI I,SABATE M,et al.Three ⁃ and 6⁃ month optical coherence tomographic surveillance follow⁃ ing percutaneous coronary intervention with the Angio⁃ lite® drug ⁃eluting stent:The ANCHOR study[J].Cathe⁃ ter Cardiovasc Interv,2018,91(3):435-443
参考文献 16
OHTANI H,KIMURA S,SUGIYAMA T,et al.Compari⁃ son of vascular responses after different types of second ⁃ generation drug ⁃ eluting stents implantation detected by optical coherence tomography[J].Int J Cardiovasc Imag⁃ ing,2017,33(2):177-186
参考文献 17
PICARD F,PIGHI M,DE HEMPTINNE Q,et al.Compar⁃ ison of the biodegradable polymer everolimus ⁃ eluting stent with contemporary drug ⁃eluting stents:a systematic review and meta ⁃ analysis[J].Int J Cardiol,2019,278:51-56
参考文献 18
EL ⁃ HAYEK G,BANGALORE S,CASSO DOMINGUEZ A,et al.Meta ⁃analysis of randomized clinical trials com⁃ paring biodegradable polymer drug⁃eluting stent to second ⁃ generation durable polymer drug ⁃ eluting stents[J].JACC Cardiovasc Interv,2017,10(5):462-473
目录contents

    摘要

    目的:通过光学相干断层显像(optical coherence tomography,OCT)观察经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coro⁃ nary intervention,PCI)术后1年,聚合物可降解药物涂层支架(Firehawk)与永久性聚合物药物涂层支架(Xience系列)内新生内膜增生的差异,旨在观察可降解聚合物及永久性聚合物对支架内新生内膜增生的影响。方法:本研究为单中心、回顾性设计, 入选2014年1月—2019年6月在南京市第一医院心内科行PCI术且术后1年有冠脉造影+OCT检查资料的患者;依据术中植入的药物涂层支架的不同类型分为 Firehawk 组和 Xience 组;比较两组临床基线资料、PCI 术中参数及术后复查 OCT 的相关指标。结果:本研究共入选106例患者,其中Firehawk组52例,Xience组54例。两组患者的临床基线资料(包括年龄、性别、高血压病史、糖尿病史、吸烟史、血脂指标以及药物如阿司匹林、氯吡格雷/替格瑞洛、他汀、β受体阻滞剂、ACEI/ARB服用史)在PCI 术前及术后1年差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);两组患者PCI术中参数(包括靶血管分布、支架直径及长度、预扩及后扩比例、最大预扩/后扩球囊直径、最大预扩/后扩压力)差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);术后1年复查OCT提示,两组患者的支架内增生情况(包括最大新生内膜厚度、最大新生内膜面积、最小管腔面积、最小管腔直径、再狭窄率、同质性比例)差异无统计学意义 (P > 0.05)。结论:聚合物可降解与永久性聚合物药物涂层支架植入术后1年,支架内新生内膜增生的性质特点类似。

    Abstract

    Objective:The aim of this study is to compare the effect of biodegradable polymer drug⁃eluting stents(Firehawk)versus permanent polymer drug ⁃ eluting stents(Xience)on neointimal hyperplasia at one ⁃ year follow ⁃ up after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)from optical coherence tomography(OCT)observations. Method:This was a retrospective single center study, patients who had Firehawk/Xience stents during PCI in our center from January 2014 to June 2019 were included in the trial,and they were divided into two groups:Firehawk group and Xience group. At one ⁃ year follow ⁃ up,we compared the difference of in ⁃ stent neointimal hyperplasia from OCT observations between the two groups. Results:Totally 106 patients were finally enrolled,including 52 patients who were in the Firehawk group and 54 who were in the Xience group. There were no differences of clinical characteristics before PCI and at one⁃year follow⁃up between the two groups(P > 0.05). There were no differences of parameters during PCI(target vessel,diameter and length of stent,pre ⁃dilation and post ⁃dilation,maximum diameter/pressure of dilated ⁃balloons)between the two groups(P > 0.05). At one⁃year follow⁃up,in⁃stent neointimal hyperplasia(maximum neointimal thickness,maximum neointimal area, minimum luminal area,minimum luminal diameter,restenosis rates and percentage of homogeneous property)was also similar between the two groups(P > 0.05). Conclusion:It is similar of vascular response to biodegradable polymer drug⁃eluting stents and permanent polymer drug⁃eluting stents at one⁃year follow⁃up.

  • 越来越多的研究显示,药物涂层支架的永久性聚合物所介导的炎症反应及新生内膜增生会导致支架内再狭窄、支架内血栓、靶病变或靶血管再次血运重建、再发心肌梗死、心源性死亡等心血管不良事件[1-3]。因此,近十余年来对支架构造的改进,尤其是药物涂层聚合物方面的探讨越来越多。Fire⁃ hawk支架(上海微创)是目前临床上最常用的聚合物可降解药物涂层支架之一,它设计为血管接触面凹槽内聚合物承载雷帕霉素,其聚合物可在6~9个月内完全降解[4]。Xience系列支架则是永久性聚合物药物涂层支架,也是目前临床应用最为广泛的药物涂层支架之一,它的安全性及有效性已被大量临床研究所证实,尤其是Sprint Ⅰ~Ⅳ系列[5-7]。本研究试图通过光学相干断层显像(optical coherence to⁃ mography,OCT)观察聚合物可降解药物涂层支架 (Firehawk)与永久性聚合物药物涂层支架(Xience系列)在PCI术后1年,支架内新生内膜增生的差异,旨在观察可降解聚合物及永久性聚合物对支架内新生内膜增生的影响及差异。

  • 1 对象和方法

  • 1.1 对象

  • 本研究是一项单中心、回顾性设计,入选106例2014年1月—2019年6月在南京市第一医院心内科行PCI术后1年复查冠脉造影+OCT检查的患者;入选标准:年龄18~80岁;左室射血分数大于40%;靶病变处单个支架可以完全覆盖;拥有术后1年复查冠脉造影+OCT检查的资料;患者植入支架类型单一(Firehawk或Xience V/Prime)。排除标准:预期寿命小于1年;严重的肝、肾功能不全;严重的冠脉钙化、扭曲、开口或分叉病变;冠脉弥漫性病变;冠脉支架内支架;需要二次PCI手术处理的残留冠脉病变。本研究经医院伦理委员会批准,所有患者在以上手术操作前均已签署手术知情同意书。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 1.2.1 OCT检查

  • 依据术中植入的药物涂层支架的不同类型分为两组:Firehawk组和Xience组。OCT操作在行冠脉造影复查术后即刻进行,使用FD⁃OCT(OPTISTM Metallic Stent Optimization Sottware ⁃ ORW Version, Abbott Vascular公司,美国)。图像获取需包括距离靶病变近端及远端各5mm的区域组织。OCT靶目标选取:单支病变单个支架内病变;选取新生内膜增生最厚的横截面病变为分析截面;所有的影像资料均有数字化存储及备份,最后统一由本科核心实验室线下整理并分析。所有的OCT图像由2位分析者独立完成,有意见不一致处重新分析并请第3位分析者讨论后给出最终结果。

  • 1.2.2 观察指标

  • 基础临床特征:年龄、性别、高血压病史、糖尿病史、吸烟史、药物服用史等。

  • 血清学检查:包括总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low⁃density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL⁃C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high⁃density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL⁃C)、空腹血糖。

  • PCI术中参数:支架植入目标血管、支架直径、支架长度、预扩比例、最大预扩球囊直径、最大预扩压力、后扩比例、最大后扩球囊直径、最大后扩压力。

  • OCT指标:最大新生内膜厚度(maximum neo⁃ intimal thickness,MNT)、最大新生内膜面积(maxi⁃ mum neointimal area,MNA)、最小管腔面积(mini⁃ mum luminal area,MLA)、最小管腔直径(minimum luminal diameter,MLD)、再狭窄率[(1-最小管腔内面积/支架内横断面面积)×100%]、同质性、异质性。

  • 1.3 统计学方法

  • 所有数据由SPSS18.0进行统计分析。定量资料用K⁃S检验评估其是否为正态性,正态分布数据以均数±标准差(x- ± s)表示,比较采用 t 检验;非正态分布数据以中位数(四分位数)[MP25P75)] 表示,比较采用Mann⁃Whitney U 检验。定性资料的比较采用卡方检验。P< 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

  • 2 结果

  • 10 6例患者106个支架纳入该项研究,中位数随访期342 d;Firehawk组52例,Xience组54例。

  • 2.1 两组患者的基线资料

  • 两组患者的临床基线资料指标[包括年龄、性别、高血压病史、糖尿病史、吸烟史、血脂指标以及药物如阿司匹林、氯吡格雷/替格瑞洛、他汀、β受体阻滞剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)/血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(ARB)服用史]差异无统计学意义(P 均>0.05);PCI术后1年两组患者的TG、 TC、HDL⁃C、LDL⁃C指标差异无统计学意义(P 均> 0.05,表1)。

  • 2.2 两组患者的PCI术中参数

  • 两组患者的靶血管分布、支架直径及长度、预扩及后扩比例、最大预扩/后扩球囊直径、最大预扩/后扩压力无统计学差异(P均>0.05,表2)。

  • 表1 临床基线资料比较(PCI术前及术后1年随访)

  • Table1 Comparison of clinical characteristics(baseline and one⁃year follow⁃up)

  • 表2 PCI术中参数比较

  • Table2 Parameters during PCI between the two groups

  • 2.3 两组患者的OCT结果

  • 两组患者的靶病变斑块性质大多数为混合性且以脂质成分为主,单一的纤维斑块Firehawk组2例, Xience组1例,钙化斑块Firehawk组及Xience组各1例,两组之间不同性质斑块的分布差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。

  • 两组患者在PCI术后即刻及1年随访期,OCT测量的MLD、MLA、MNT、MNA、再狭窄率及支架内同质性增生比例,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05,表3);支架内增生的同质性及异质性OCT特征见图1。

  • 表3 OCT观察指标比较

  • Table3 OCT observations immediately after PCI and at one⁃year follow⁃up

  • 图1 OCT观察支架内新生内膜

  • Fig.1 In⁃stent neointima from OCT observations

  • 3 讨论

  • 本研究结果提示在PCI术后1年,可降解聚合物药物涂层支架(Firehawk)及永久性聚合物药物深层支架(Xience系列)新生内膜增生的特点及性质方面(新生内膜同质性比例)无明显差异。

  • 支架内新生内膜增生是支架植入术后必经的修复过程,然而,内膜的不均匀增殖可能造成部分支架钢梁不完全内皮化,从而继发支架内再狭窄、支架内血栓等,OCT可以比较清晰地识别支架内新生内膜亚结构特点,分辨率高达10~15 μm,并能依据新生内膜组织成分不同导致的光学背散射和衰减系数的差异,将其分为同质性及异质性增生,分别与不同的临床事件终点相关联[8-9]

  • Firehawk支架为新一代可降解聚合物支架,聚合物在人体内6~9个月完全降解,其他结构设计与Xience系列支架类似。Xience系列支架是目前在临床应用最为广泛的药物涂层支架之一,它的安全性及有效性被大量临床研究所证实[5-7]。TARGET临床研究比较Firehawk支架与Xience支架在术后9个月的影像学终点(支架内晚期血管丢失率),结果提示Firehawk支架的临床疗效不劣于Xience系列支架,PCI术后9个月的复合临床事件发生率两组也类似[4]。本研究通过OCT比较Firehawk与Xience系列支架在PCI术后1年新生内膜增生的反应性,进一步验证了可降解聚合物药物支架对术后12个月支架内新生内膜增生的影响,并不劣于永久性聚合物药物支架,这可能是解释TARGET研究在术后12个月观察临床事件终点两组之间无显著差异性的部分原因之一。

  • 既往研究表明聚合物与激活的慢性炎症反应、延迟的血管愈合及内膜覆盖相关,理想的聚合物需具备以下几个特点[10]:①无致血栓性,无致炎性,无血管毒性;②促进血管愈合及再内皮化;③保证表面涂层药物的血流动力学稳定性;④良好的血管壁及支架钢梁的贴合性。因此,近几年来,聚合物工艺不断改进,尤其是可降解聚合物药物涂层支架在临床上逐渐被推广使用。可降解聚合物多由聚乳酸构成,后者可在人体内降解代谢成水和二氧化碳,随着呼吸排出体外,剩下支架平台残留在血管壁内。然而,聚合物在体内存留的时期以及代谢过程中诱导的高敏炎症反应,仍是目前需要关心的问题。研究显示在中短期随访中,可降解性聚合物支架与永久性聚合物支架在促进内皮化、支架内新生动脉粥样硬化发生率方面类似[11],在支架内膜增生厚度及性质方面也基本相似[12-13];LEADERS研究在术后3年的随访期内未发现临床终点事件的统计学差异[14-15],然而在5年的随访中,极晚期血栓发生率在可降解聚合物支架组更低[16]。新近的一篇Meta分析结果提示PCI术后1年两组支架间在临床事件发生率方面无明显差异[17];另一篇Meta分析囊括了16项RCT研究,纳入19 886例患者,比较了可降解聚合物支架与二代药物涂层永久性聚合物支架的优劣性,结果提示在中位数26个月的随访期,两组之间在靶血管再血管化发生率、心血管死亡、心肌梗死、支架内血栓等事件发生率方面均无统计学差异;同时回归分析结果提示无论支架的涂层药物类型、支架钢梁的材质、厚度及抗血小板药物使用时间的差异,两组之间在PCI术后不良事件的发生率方面,差异仍然无统计学意义[18]。以上研究结果提示了可降解聚合物支架在临床应用的安全性,并且随着时间延长,可能在降低极晚期支架内血栓及靶血管再次血运重建方面更有优势。

  • 然而,本研究仍存在以下局限性:①该研究是回顾性观察性研究,样本量较小,冠脉病变简单;② 本文仅讨论了支架内最大新生内膜厚度的截面数据,未进行钢梁水平截面的平均数据分析;且未能从不同钢梁截面水平分析斑块性质与支架内新生内膜的关联性;③仅从影像学观察了可降解聚合物对新生内膜反应的影响,未关联到临床事件的相关性;④未分析钢梁覆盖率,后者是评价内皮修复的重要指标;⑤随访期较短,未观察到可降解聚合物对新生内膜的动态及长期影响,且无PCI即刻的OCT数据,无法进行动态比较。因此,我们期待有更大样本、更复杂冠脉病变及更长随访时间的研究来验证以上结果。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] ROTH C,GANGL C,DALOS D,et al.Incidence of late ⁃ acquired stent malapposition of drug eluting stents with second generation permanent and biodegradable polymer coatings⁃a prospective,randomized comparison using opti⁃ cal coherence tomography[J].J Interv Cardiol,2018,31(6):780-791

    • [2] MATSUHIRO Y,NAKAMURA D,SHUTTA R,et al.Dif⁃ ference of vascular healing between bioabsorbable ⁃ poly⁃ mer and durable ⁃ polymer new generation drug ⁃ eluting stents:an optical coherence tomographic analysis[J].Int J Cardiovasc Imaging,2021,37(4):1131-1141

    • [3] 朱明辉,盛宇峰,焦念方,等.比较血管内超声与冠脉造影指导药物洗脱支架治疗冠心病的Meta分析[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(11):1407-1412

    • [4] GAO R L,XU B,LANSKY A J,et al.A randomized com⁃ parison of a novel abluminal groove ⁃filled biodegradable polymer sirolimus ⁃ eluting stent with a durable polymer everolimus⁃eluting stent:clinical and angiographic follow⁃ up of the TARGET Ⅰ trial[J].EuroIntervention,2013,9(1):75-83

    • [5] SERRUYS P W,ONG A T L,PIEK J J,et al.A random⁃ ized comparison of a durable polymer everolimus ⁃eluting stent with a bare metal coronary stent:the SPIRIT first trial [J].Euro Intervention,2005,1(1):58-65

    • [6] SERRUYS P W,RUYGROK P,NEUZNER J,et al.A ran⁃ domized comparison of an everolimus ⁃ eluting coronary stent with a paclitaxel⁃eluting coronary stent:the SPIRIT Ⅱ trial[J].Euro Intervention,2006,2(3):286-294

    • [7] KAJIYA T,YAMAGUCHI H,TAKAOKA J,et al.In⁃stent restenosis assessed with frequency domain optical coher⁃ ence tomography shows smooth coronary arterial healing process in second⁃generation drug⁃eluting stents[J].Sin⁃ gapore Med J,2019,60(1):48-51

    • [8] SHI S Y,CHEN K L,GU J,et al.Correlation between pre⁃ procedural plaque morphology and patterns of in ⁃ stent neointimal hyperplasia at 1 ⁃ year follow ⁃ up in patients treated with new ⁃generation drug ⁃eluting stents:an opti⁃ cal coherence tomography based analysis[J].J Interv Car⁃ diol,2018,31(6):737-746

    • [9] KONISHI A,IWASAKI M,SHIKE T,et al.Favorable ear⁃ ly vessel healing after everolimus ⁃eluting stent implanta⁃ tion:3⁃,6⁃,and 12⁃month follow⁃up of optical coherence tomography[J].J Cardiol,2018,72(3):193-199

    • [10] SONG L,MINTZ G S,YIN D,et al.Characteristics of ear⁃ ly versus late in⁃stent restenosis in second⁃generation drug⁃ eluting stents:an optical coherence tomography study[J].Euro Intervention,2017,13(3):294-302

    • [11] GUAGLIUMI G,SHIMAMURA K,SIRBU V,et al.Tem⁃ poral course of vascular healing and neoatherosclerosis af⁃ ter implantation of durable ⁃ or biodegradable ⁃ polymer drug⁃eluting stents[J].Eur Heart J,2018,39(26):2448-2456

    • [12] KOPPARA T,TADA T,XHEPA E,et al.Randomised comparison of vascular response to biodegradable poly⁃ mer sirolimus eluting and permanent polymer everolimus eluting stents:an optical coherence tomography study[J].Int J Cardiol,2018,258:42-49

    • [13] KURAMITSU S,KAZUNO Y,SONODA S,et al.Vascular response to bioresorbable polymer sirolimus ⁃eluting stent vs.permanent polymer everolimus ⁃ eluting stent at 9 ⁃ month follow ⁃ up:an optical coherence tomography sub ⁃ study from the CENTURY Ⅱ trial[J].Eur Heart J Cardio⁃ vasc Imaging,2016,17(1):34-40

    • [14] KARJALAINEN P,PAANA T,YLITALO A,et al.Optical coherence tomography follow⁃up 18 months after titanium⁃ nitride ⁃oxide ⁃coated versus everolimus ⁃eluting stent im⁃ plantation in patients with acute coronary syndrome[J].Acta Radiol,2017,58(9):1077-1084

    • [15] PURI R,OTAEGUI I,SABATE M,et al.Three ⁃ and 6⁃ month optical coherence tomographic surveillance follow⁃ ing percutaneous coronary intervention with the Angio⁃ lite® drug ⁃eluting stent:The ANCHOR study[J].Cathe⁃ ter Cardiovasc Interv,2018,91(3):435-443

    • [16] OHTANI H,KIMURA S,SUGIYAMA T,et al.Compari⁃ son of vascular responses after different types of second ⁃ generation drug ⁃ eluting stents implantation detected by optical coherence tomography[J].Int J Cardiovasc Imag⁃ ing,2017,33(2):177-186

    • [17] PICARD F,PIGHI M,DE HEMPTINNE Q,et al.Compar⁃ ison of the biodegradable polymer everolimus ⁃ eluting stent with contemporary drug ⁃eluting stents:a systematic review and meta ⁃ analysis[J].Int J Cardiol,2019,278:51-56

    • [18] EL ⁃ HAYEK G,BANGALORE S,CASSO DOMINGUEZ A,et al.Meta ⁃analysis of randomized clinical trials com⁃ paring biodegradable polymer drug⁃eluting stent to second ⁃ generation durable polymer drug ⁃ eluting stents[J].JACC Cardiovasc Interv,2017,10(5):462-473

  • 参考文献

    • [1] ROTH C,GANGL C,DALOS D,et al.Incidence of late ⁃ acquired stent malapposition of drug eluting stents with second generation permanent and biodegradable polymer coatings⁃a prospective,randomized comparison using opti⁃ cal coherence tomography[J].J Interv Cardiol,2018,31(6):780-791

    • [2] MATSUHIRO Y,NAKAMURA D,SHUTTA R,et al.Dif⁃ ference of vascular healing between bioabsorbable ⁃ poly⁃ mer and durable ⁃ polymer new generation drug ⁃ eluting stents:an optical coherence tomographic analysis[J].Int J Cardiovasc Imaging,2021,37(4):1131-1141

    • [3] 朱明辉,盛宇峰,焦念方,等.比较血管内超声与冠脉造影指导药物洗脱支架治疗冠心病的Meta分析[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(11):1407-1412

    • [4] GAO R L,XU B,LANSKY A J,et al.A randomized com⁃ parison of a novel abluminal groove ⁃filled biodegradable polymer sirolimus ⁃ eluting stent with a durable polymer everolimus⁃eluting stent:clinical and angiographic follow⁃ up of the TARGET Ⅰ trial[J].EuroIntervention,2013,9(1):75-83

    • [5] SERRUYS P W,ONG A T L,PIEK J J,et al.A random⁃ ized comparison of a durable polymer everolimus ⁃eluting stent with a bare metal coronary stent:the SPIRIT first trial [J].Euro Intervention,2005,1(1):58-65

    • [6] SERRUYS P W,RUYGROK P,NEUZNER J,et al.A ran⁃ domized comparison of an everolimus ⁃ eluting coronary stent with a paclitaxel⁃eluting coronary stent:the SPIRIT Ⅱ trial[J].Euro Intervention,2006,2(3):286-294

    • [7] KAJIYA T,YAMAGUCHI H,TAKAOKA J,et al.In⁃stent restenosis assessed with frequency domain optical coher⁃ ence tomography shows smooth coronary arterial healing process in second⁃generation drug⁃eluting stents[J].Sin⁃ gapore Med J,2019,60(1):48-51

    • [8] SHI S Y,CHEN K L,GU J,et al.Correlation between pre⁃ procedural plaque morphology and patterns of in ⁃ stent neointimal hyperplasia at 1 ⁃ year follow ⁃ up in patients treated with new ⁃generation drug ⁃eluting stents:an opti⁃ cal coherence tomography based analysis[J].J Interv Car⁃ diol,2018,31(6):737-746

    • [9] KONISHI A,IWASAKI M,SHIKE T,et al.Favorable ear⁃ ly vessel healing after everolimus ⁃eluting stent implanta⁃ tion:3⁃,6⁃,and 12⁃month follow⁃up of optical coherence tomography[J].J Cardiol,2018,72(3):193-199

    • [10] SONG L,MINTZ G S,YIN D,et al.Characteristics of ear⁃ ly versus late in⁃stent restenosis in second⁃generation drug⁃ eluting stents:an optical coherence tomography study[J].Euro Intervention,2017,13(3):294-302

    • [11] GUAGLIUMI G,SHIMAMURA K,SIRBU V,et al.Tem⁃ poral course of vascular healing and neoatherosclerosis af⁃ ter implantation of durable ⁃ or biodegradable ⁃ polymer drug⁃eluting stents[J].Eur Heart J,2018,39(26):2448-2456

    • [12] KOPPARA T,TADA T,XHEPA E,et al.Randomised comparison of vascular response to biodegradable poly⁃ mer sirolimus eluting and permanent polymer everolimus eluting stents:an optical coherence tomography study[J].Int J Cardiol,2018,258:42-49

    • [13] KURAMITSU S,KAZUNO Y,SONODA S,et al.Vascular response to bioresorbable polymer sirolimus ⁃eluting stent vs.permanent polymer everolimus ⁃ eluting stent at 9 ⁃ month follow ⁃ up:an optical coherence tomography sub ⁃ study from the CENTURY Ⅱ trial[J].Eur Heart J Cardio⁃ vasc Imaging,2016,17(1):34-40

    • [14] KARJALAINEN P,PAANA T,YLITALO A,et al.Optical coherence tomography follow⁃up 18 months after titanium⁃ nitride ⁃oxide ⁃coated versus everolimus ⁃eluting stent im⁃ plantation in patients with acute coronary syndrome[J].Acta Radiol,2017,58(9):1077-1084

    • [15] PURI R,OTAEGUI I,SABATE M,et al.Three ⁃ and 6⁃ month optical coherence tomographic surveillance follow⁃ ing percutaneous coronary intervention with the Angio⁃ lite® drug ⁃eluting stent:The ANCHOR study[J].Cathe⁃ ter Cardiovasc Interv,2018,91(3):435-443

    • [16] OHTANI H,KIMURA S,SUGIYAMA T,et al.Compari⁃ son of vascular responses after different types of second ⁃ generation drug ⁃ eluting stents implantation detected by optical coherence tomography[J].Int J Cardiovasc Imag⁃ ing,2017,33(2):177-186

    • [17] PICARD F,PIGHI M,DE HEMPTINNE Q,et al.Compar⁃ ison of the biodegradable polymer everolimus ⁃ eluting stent with contemporary drug ⁃eluting stents:a systematic review and meta ⁃ analysis[J].Int J Cardiol,2019,278:51-56

    • [18] EL ⁃ HAYEK G,BANGALORE S,CASSO DOMINGUEZ A,et al.Meta ⁃analysis of randomized clinical trials com⁃ paring biodegradable polymer drug⁃eluting stent to second ⁃ generation durable polymer drug ⁃ eluting stents[J].JACC Cardiovasc Interv,2017,10(5):462-473

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