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通讯作者:

蔡令波,E⁃mail:ivfstar@163.com;

刘嘉茵,jyliu_nj@126.com

中图分类号:R321

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1007-4368(2022)01-071-04

DOI:10.7655/NYDXBNS20220112

参考文献 1
KIM S Y,DIETZ P M,ENGLAND L,et al.Trends in pre⁃ pregnancy obesity in nine states,1993⁃2003[J].Obesity(Silver Spring),2007,15(4):986-993
参考文献 2
BROUGHTON D,MOLEY K H.Obesity and female infer⁃ tility:potential mediators of obesity's impact[J].Fertil Steril,2017,107(4):840-847
参考文献 3
MAHIZIR D,BRIFFA J F,HRYCIW D H,et al.Maternal obesity in females born small:pregnancy complications and offspring disease risk[J].Mol Nutr Food Res,2016,60(1):8-17
参考文献 4
GOLDSTEIN R F,ABELL S K,RANASINHA S,et al.As⁃ sociation of gestational weight gain with maternal and in⁃ fant outcomes:a systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J].JAMA,2017,317(21):2207-2225
参考文献 5
石云,钱宇佳,贾雪梅.妊娠期糖尿病合并子痫前期的相关因素及妊娠结局分析[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2015,35(12):1799-1801
参考文献 6
MAGED A M,FAHMY R M,RASHWAN H,et al.Effect of body mass index on the outcome of IVF cycles among patients with poor ovarian response[J].Int J Gynaecol Obstet,2019,144(2):161-166
参考文献 7
LUKE B.Adverse effects of female obesity and interaction with race on reproductive potential[J].Fertil Steril,2017,107(4):868-877
参考文献 8
SERMONDADE N,HUBERLANT S,BOURHIS⁃LEFEB⁃ VRE V,et al.Female obesity is negatively associated with live birth rate following IVF:a systematic review and meta ⁃ analysis[J].Hum Reprod Update,2019,25(4):439-451
参考文献 9
中国肥胖问题工作组.中国成人超重和肥胖症预防与控制指南(节录)[J].营养学报,2004,26(1):1-4
参考文献 10
SHENG Y,LU G,LIU J,et al.Effect of body mass index on the outcomes of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome:a multi⁃ center,prospective,observational study[J].J Assist Re⁃ prod Genet,2017,34(1):61-70
参考文献 11
PROVOST M P,ACHARYA K S,ACHARYA C R,et al.Pregnancy outcomes decline with increasing body mass in⁃ dex:analysis of 239,127 fresh autologous in vitro fertiliza⁃ tion cycles from the 2008⁃2010 society for assisted repro⁃ ductive technology registry[J].Fertil Steril,2016,105(3):663-669
参考文献 12
CHEN R,CHEN S,LIU M,et al.Pregnancy outcomes of PCOS overweight/obese patients after controlled ovarian stimulation with the GnRH antagonist protocol and frozen embryo transfer[J].Reprod Biol Endocrinol,2018,16(1):36
参考文献 13
LUKE B,BROWN M B,STERN J E,et al.Female obesi⁃ ty adversely affects assisted reproductive technology(ART)pregnancy and live birth rates[J].Hum Reprod,2011,26(1):245-252
参考文献 14
VILARINO F L,CHRISTOFOLINI D M,RODRIGUES D,et al.Body mass index and fertility:is there a correlation with human reproduction outcomes?[J].Gynecol Endocri⁃ nol,2011,27(4):232-236
参考文献 15
DOKRAS A,BAREDZIAK L,BLAINE J,et al.Obstetric outcomes after in vitro fertilization in obese and morbidly obese women[J].Obstet Gynecol,2006,108(1):61-69
参考文献 16
BEN H A,SIROTA I,SALMAN L,et al.The influence of body mass index on pregnancy outcome following single ⁃ embryo transfer[J].J Assist Reprod Genet,2018,35(7):1295-1300
参考文献 17
VALCKX S D,DE PAUW I,DE NEUBOURG D,et al.BMI ⁃ related metabolic composition of the follicular fluid of women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment and the consequences for oocyte and embryo quality[J].Hum Reprod,2012,27(12):3531-3539
参考文献 18
MIRABI P,CHAICHI M J,ESMAEILZADEH S,et al.Does different BMI influence oocyte and embryo quality by inducing fatty acid in follicular fluid?[J].Taiwan J Ob⁃ stet Gynecol,2017,56(2):159-164
参考文献 19
BELLVER J,PELLICER A,GARCÍA ⁃VELASCO J A,et al.Obesity reduces uterine receptivity:clinical experience from 9,587 first cycles of ovum donation with normal weight donors[J].Fertil Steril,2013,100(4):1050-1058
参考文献 20
李游,田莉峰,苏琼,等.孕前女性体重指数对体外受精⁃胚胎移植治疗后分娩结局的影响[J].江西医药,2017,52(10):954-957
参考文献 21
山惠枝,沈晓月,蒋玥,等.体重指数对PCOS患者 IVF/ICSI治疗的影响[J].生殖医学杂志,2019,28(6):629-635
参考文献 22
OZEKINCI M,SEVEN A,OLGAN S,et al.Does obesity have detrimental effects on IVF treatment outcomes?[J].BMC Womens Health,2015,15(1):61
目录contents

    摘要

    目的:探讨体外受精/卵胞浆内单精子注射(in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection,IVF/ICSI)助孕的女性体重指数(body mass index,BMI)对鲜胚移植周期临床结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析2016年6月—2018年6月在本中心首次 IVF/ICSI治疗并行单个鲜胚移植的1784例患者临床资料,按照BMI值(中国标准)分为偏瘦组(150例,BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 )、正常组(1098例,18.5 kg/m2 ≤BMI < 24.0 kg/m2 )、超重组(437例,24.0 kg/m2 ≤BMI < 28.0 kg/m2 )、肥胖组(99例,BMI≥28.0 kg/m2 ),并以不同受精方式分为IVF亚组和ICSI亚组。比较新鲜周期的获卵数、临床妊娠率、种植率、活产率、流产率的区别,以及各亚组间受精率和优质胚胎率的差异。结果:偏瘦组获卵数显著高于其余3组,肥胖组获卵数均显著低于其余3组(P < 0.01);超重组的临床妊娠率显著低于正常组,超重组和肥胖组的种植率显著低于正常组(P < 0.05);4组的活产率、流产率均没有统计学差异 (P > 0.05);4组中IVF亚组和ICSI亚组的受精率、优质胚胎率差异均没有统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论:女性肥胖对IVF/ICSI 周期的治疗结局有负面影响。与BMI正常的女性相比,超重和肥胖女性鲜胚移植周期的种植率显著下降。

    Abstract

    Objective:To investigate the effect of female body mass index(BMI)on the outcomes of IVF/ICSI cycles after fresh embryo transfer. Methods:The data of 1784 cycles,which were accomplished with single fresh embryo transfer in the first IVF/ICSI treatment,are analyzed retrospectively,the cycles were divided into four groups according to the recommended Chinese BMI cut⁃off: underweight(150 cycles,BMI<18.5 kg/m2 ),normal weight(1098 cycles,18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 24.0 kg/m2 ),overweight(437 cycles, 24.0 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 28.0 kg/m2 ),obese(99 cycles,BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2 ),and the cycles were also subdivided into IVF and ICSI group by different insemination methods. We compared the number of oocytes,clinical pregnancy rates,implantation rates,live birth rates, miscarriage rates among the four groups,and also compared the fertilization rates and the high quality embryo rates among the subgroups. Results:The number of oocytes retrieved in the underweight group was significantly higher than those of the other three groups,and the number of oocytes retrieved in the obese group was significantly lower than those of the other three groups(P < 0.01). The clinical pregnancy rate of overweight group was significantly lower than that of normal weight group,and the implantation rate of overweight group and obese group was significantly lower than that of normal weight group;the live birth and miscarriage rates in the four groups were no significant difference(P > 0.05). There were no significant difference in fertilization rates and high quality embryo rates between the IVF subgroup and the ICSI subgroup(P > 0.05). Conclusion:Female obesity has a significant negative effect on the outcomes of IVF/ICSI cycles. Compared with women with normal BMI,overweight and obese women decrease implantation rates after the fresh embryo transfer.

  • 肥胖一直是世界性的难题。近年来,中国人口肥胖率也一直居高不下。肥胖对患者的身心健康都有重要影响。尽管不同种族和社会经济背景人群的肥胖率存在明显差异,但受影响最大的群体仍是育龄期妇女。一项研究显示,孕前肥胖率从1993年的13%增加到2003年的22%,肥胖率最高的女性是20~29岁的人群[1]。肥胖除了与冠状动脉疾病、高血压和糖尿病等相关外,还会对女性的生殖功能产生严重影响。肥胖是月经功能障碍的一个原因,经常导致月经稀少、无排卵和功能失调的子宫出血。即使在月经周期正常的女性中,超重和肥胖人群的生育能力也有所降低[2]。此外,较高的孕前肥胖率与妊娠并发症的增加有关,包括妊娠期高血压、先兆子痫、妊娠糖尿病、产后出血和巨大胎儿的发病率增加,肥胖女性的引产率和剖宫产率也有所提高[3-5]

  • 目前的研究数据表明,自然妊娠率随着肥胖率的增加而降低,但肥胖对于体外受精/卵胞浆内单精子注射(in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm in⁃ jection,IVF/ICSI)患者的影响仍存在较大争论。已有研究表明,与正常体重指数(body mass index, BMI)患者相比,肥胖患者需要更高剂量的促性腺激素,临床妊娠率更低[6-7]。一项Meta分析表明,辅助生殖技术(assisted reproductive technology,ART)的肥胖患者需要更高剂量的促性腺激素,每个周期获卵数减少,自发性流产率更高,且临床妊娠率更低[8]。本研究的目的是调查肥胖和IVF/ICSI临床结局之间的关系,特别是对种植率和活产率的影响。

  • 1 对象和方法

  • 1.1 对象

  • 2016年6月—2018年6月在本中心首次IVF/ICSI治疗并行单个day3卵裂期鲜胚移植的患者,共1 784个周期。本研究的排除标准:非高评分鲜胚移植周期、移植胚胎数目≥2个周期、胚胎植入前遗传学检测周期、供卵周期、自然周期。本研究已通过南京医科大学第一附属医院伦理学审批(伦审号: 2018⁃SR⁃063)。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 1.2.1 分组

  • 所有符合条件的患者按照BMI值(中国标准)[9] 分为4组:偏瘦组150例(BMI< 18.5kg/m2)、正常组1 098例(18.5kg/m2 ≤BMI< 24.0kg/m2)、超重组437例(24.0kg/m2 ≤BMI< 28.0kg/m2)、肥胖组99例 (BMI≥28.0kg/m2),并以不同受精方式分为IVF亚组和ICSI亚组。

  • 1.2.2 取卵受精

  • 对IVF/ICSI周期患者B超监测卵泡生长发育,卵泡成熟后注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chori⁃ onic gonaditropin,hCG),36~38h后在B超引导下,使用18G取卵针(Cook公司,澳大利亚)在110mm压力下经阴道穿刺取卵。卵母细胞培养2~3h即hCG后39~40h行IVF/ICSI。

  • 1.2.3 胚胎移植

  • 胚胎发育至第3天在B超引导下使用专用移植管(Cook公司,澳大利亚)行宫腔内移植。

  • 1.2.4 临床随访

  • 移植后第14天检查血清hCG,第35天B超检查确认孕囊和胎心,发现孕囊者视为临床妊娠。妊娠不足28周,胎儿体重小于1 000g而终止妊娠者视为流产。孕满28周且至少有1个存活新生儿分娩定义为活产,活产率为活产周期数与移植周期数的比值。

  • 1.3 统计学方法

  • 所有数据资料均来自临床生殖医学管理系统 (CCRM),采用SPSS 22.0统计软件分析,计量资料以均数±标准差(x- ± s)表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析(one⁃way ANOVA),两两比较采用LSD检验,计数资料比较采用χ2 检验,P< 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 患者的一般资料与基础情况

  • 4组患者的平均年龄、不孕年限、BMI、基础卵泡刺激素(follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)、内膜厚度、窦卵泡数等基本资料见表1。超重组和肥胖组的平均年龄、不孕年限相较于正常组和偏瘦组升高,超重组基础FSH较正常组和偏瘦组降低(P< 0.05);4组患者的子宫内膜厚度、窦卵泡数差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。

  • 2.2 患者的临床结局比较

  • 4组患者的获卵数差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05),其中,偏瘦组获卵数高于正常组、超重组和肥胖组,肥胖组获卵数低于偏瘦组、正常组、超重组 (P< 0.01);4组的临床妊娠率、种植率具有统计学差异(P< 0.05,表2),正常组的临床妊娠率显著高于超重组,正常组的种植率显著高于超重组和肥胖组(P< 0.05);4组的活产率、流产率均无统计学差异(P> 0.05);4组患者中,IVF亚组和ICSI亚组的受精率、优质胚胎率均无统计学差异(P> 0.05,表3)。

  • 表1 4组患者一般资料比较

  • Table1 Comparison of baseline characteristics among four groups

  • 与偏瘦组比较,# P< 0.05,与正常组比较,* P< 0.05。

  • 表2 4组患者的临床结局比较

  • Table2 Comparison of clinical outcomes among four groups

  • 与偏瘦组比较,# P< 0.01;与正常组比较,* P< 0.05;与超重组比较,Δ P< 0.05。

  • 表3 IVF和ICSI亚组的临床结局比较

  • Table3 Comparison of clinical outcomes between IVF and ICSI subgroups

  • 3 讨论

  • 本研究结果表明,在接受第1次IVF/ICSI周期的患者中,每周期获卵数随着BMI的增加而显著降低,超重和肥胖患者种植率显著降低,活产率随着BMI的增加有降低趋势,流产率随着BMI的增加有升高趋势,同时IVF周期和ICSI周期受精率和优质胚胎率未见显著差异。

  • BMI与ART临床结局具有一定相关性,目前研究结果并不一致。最近几项对IVF/ICSI周期的研究发现,超重和肥胖患者的妊娠率、种植率以及活产率均显著降低,同时流产率增加[10-12]。辅助生殖协会对45 163个胚胎移植周期的研究表明,在调整年龄、种族、不孕诊断以及胚胎移植数目后,超重和肥胖患者流产或死产的概率均显著增加[13]。相反,也有部分研究表明,正常体重和肥胖患者的妊娠率、活产率无统计学差异[14-16],分析发现这些研究样本量均较小,其中一个研究的样本量仅208例,并且依据BMI值仅将患者分为两大类[14],另有一项研究仅分析38岁以下患者数据[15],因此具有一定局限性。本研究仅分析了符合纳入标准的第1次行单个鲜胚移植IVF/ICSI周期,以最大限度地减少因反复种植失败或冻胚周期移植引起的额外影响。本研究结果与最近已发表的研究结果基本一致。

  • 目前,肥胖对ART临床结局潜在负面影响的具体机制仍不清楚。有研究表明肥胖患者的卵母细胞质量下降,严重肥胖患者的卵母细胞显示纺锤体异常或排列错乱[2],其原因可能是肥胖患者的卵泡液成分发生变化、卵母细胞代谢的微环境改变等[17-18]。此外,肥胖还可能影响子宫内膜容受性,Bellver等[19] 对供卵周期研究显示随着受卵患者的BMI升高,临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率和活产率均明显下降。

  • 本研究仅包括第1次IVF/ICSI周期患者,这使我们能够准确评估取消率并最大限度地减少多次失败周期或长期治疗造成的误差,但也有潜在的局限性。研究表明,相对于正常体重患者,肥胖患者需要更高剂量的促性腺激素和更多的ART周期治疗以达到最佳的用药方案[20-22]。因此,本研究中肥胖患者较低的获卵数和妊娠率可能与其第1次ART周期保守治疗剂量相关,同时,肥胖组患者年龄相对较大,也可能是潜在原因之一,需要进一步研究分析。

  • 总之,本研究结果表明肥胖降低了第1次IVF/ICSI周期患者的鲜胚种植率,活产率有降低的趋势,同时流产率也有增加趋势。本研究结果有助于临床上对超重患者的咨询和教育,指导患者进行有益的生活方式并减轻体重以达到理想的ART治疗结局。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] KIM S Y,DIETZ P M,ENGLAND L,et al.Trends in pre⁃ pregnancy obesity in nine states,1993⁃2003[J].Obesity(Silver Spring),2007,15(4):986-993

    • [2] BROUGHTON D,MOLEY K H.Obesity and female infer⁃ tility:potential mediators of obesity's impact[J].Fertil Steril,2017,107(4):840-847

    • [3] MAHIZIR D,BRIFFA J F,HRYCIW D H,et al.Maternal obesity in females born small:pregnancy complications and offspring disease risk[J].Mol Nutr Food Res,2016,60(1):8-17

    • [4] GOLDSTEIN R F,ABELL S K,RANASINHA S,et al.As⁃ sociation of gestational weight gain with maternal and in⁃ fant outcomes:a systematic review and meta⁃analysis[J].JAMA,2017,317(21):2207-2225

    • [5] 石云,钱宇佳,贾雪梅.妊娠期糖尿病合并子痫前期的相关因素及妊娠结局分析[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2015,35(12):1799-1801

    • [6] MAGED A M,FAHMY R M,RASHWAN H,et al.Effect of body mass index on the outcome of IVF cycles among patients with poor ovarian response[J].Int J Gynaecol Obstet,2019,144(2):161-166

    • [7] LUKE B.Adverse effects of female obesity and interaction with race on reproductive potential[J].Fertil Steril,2017,107(4):868-877

    • [8] SERMONDADE N,HUBERLANT S,BOURHIS⁃LEFEB⁃ VRE V,et al.Female obesity is negatively associated with live birth rate following IVF:a systematic review and meta ⁃ analysis[J].Hum Reprod Update,2019,25(4):439-451

    • [9] 中国肥胖问题工作组.中国成人超重和肥胖症预防与控制指南(节录)[J].营养学报,2004,26(1):1-4

    • [10] SHENG Y,LU G,LIU J,et al.Effect of body mass index on the outcomes of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome:a multi⁃ center,prospective,observational study[J].J Assist Re⁃ prod Genet,2017,34(1):61-70

    • [11] PROVOST M P,ACHARYA K S,ACHARYA C R,et al.Pregnancy outcomes decline with increasing body mass in⁃ dex:analysis of 239,127 fresh autologous in vitro fertiliza⁃ tion cycles from the 2008⁃2010 society for assisted repro⁃ ductive technology registry[J].Fertil Steril,2016,105(3):663-669

    • [12] CHEN R,CHEN S,LIU M,et al.Pregnancy outcomes of PCOS overweight/obese patients after controlled ovarian stimulation with the GnRH antagonist protocol and frozen embryo transfer[J].Reprod Biol Endocrinol,2018,16(1):36

    • [13] LUKE B,BROWN M B,STERN J E,et al.Female obesi⁃ ty adversely affects assisted reproductive technology(ART)pregnancy and live birth rates[J].Hum Reprod,2011,26(1):245-252

    • [14] VILARINO F L,CHRISTOFOLINI D M,RODRIGUES D,et al.Body mass index and fertility:is there a correlation with human reproduction outcomes?[J].Gynecol Endocri⁃ nol,2011,27(4):232-236

    • [15] DOKRAS A,BAREDZIAK L,BLAINE J,et al.Obstetric outcomes after in vitro fertilization in obese and morbidly obese women[J].Obstet Gynecol,2006,108(1):61-69

    • [16] BEN H A,SIROTA I,SALMAN L,et al.The influence of body mass index on pregnancy outcome following single ⁃ embryo transfer[J].J Assist Reprod Genet,2018,35(7):1295-1300

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    • [18] MIRABI P,CHAICHI M J,ESMAEILZADEH S,et al.Does different BMI influence oocyte and embryo quality by inducing fatty acid in follicular fluid?[J].Taiwan J Ob⁃ stet Gynecol,2017,56(2):159-164

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