摘要:目的:研究雷公藤多甙和IL-10对人树突状细胞(DC)表面人类白细胞抗原-DR(HLA-DR)和CD80表达及IL-1 2 p40转录和分泌的影响.方法:通过粒细胞-巨噬细胞型集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、IL-4和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)体外培养体系,从人外周血单个核细胞中获得DC,细胞表面HLA-DR和CD80表达采用流式细胞仪分析,IL-12 p40转录和分泌分别采用逆转录多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术和ELISA法.结果:雷公藤多甙(5～20μg/m1)、IL-10(50～200 ng/ml)能下调DC表面HLA-DR和CD80的表达,同时雷公藤多甙、IL-10能抑制DC内IL-12 p40 mRNA的转录和分泌.结论:雷公藤多甙、IL-10能通过抑制表面分子的表达和细胞因子的合成而干扰DC的成熟和功能.

摘要:目的:探讨阿霉素肾病大鼠肾组织中核因子-κB(NF-κB)活化及其与蛋白尿、肾小管间质损害和趋化因子表达之间的关系.方法:阿霉素肾病模型采用尾静脉注射阿霉素(6 mg/kg)制备.应用免疫组化和图像分析系统观察肾皮质区小管间质损害程度、NF-κB活化及单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)表达.结果:阿霉素肾病大鼠出现大量蛋白尿及明显的皮质区肾小管间质损害.肾皮质区NF-κB活化及MCP-1表达显著增强,且与蛋白尿及肾小管间质损害程度显著相关.结论:NF-κB活化介导了非免疫性慢性肾小球肾炎时皮质区肾小管间质损害及诱导趋化因子的产生.

摘要:目的:探讨临床胰肾联合移植受体的选择与准备.方法:结合我院施行的2例胰肾联合移植,选择1型糖尿病终末期肾病患者作为受体,并进行周密的准备.结果:移植术后胰肾功能恢复正常,受体均于术后24 h内停用胰岛索,1周内血肌酐及尿素氮降为正常.第1例已有功能存活24个月.结论:严格选择受体及对其周密准备有利于移植胰肾功能的早期恢复,减少排异反应及手术相关并发症的发生.

摘要:目的:明确颅内肿瘤中端粒酶的活性情况,为胶质瘤的早期诊断及综合治疗提供依据.方法:采用TRAP-银染法检测70例颅内肿瘤中端粒酶活性表达情况.统计学处理采用x2检验.结果:脑膜瘤及垂体腺瘤端粒酶活性检测均为阴性,50例胶质瘤(KERNOHAN分级)端粒酶活性检测阳性率为44%,Ⅰ级为3/16(18.8%),Ⅱ级为3/12(25.0%),Ⅲ级为9/14(64.3%),Ⅳ级为7/8(87.5%),胶质瘤分级越高,端粒酶活性检出率就越高(P＜0.005),Ⅲ级以上恶性颅内肿瘤中(包括转移性低分化癌)端粒酶活性表达阳性19/25(76.0%),明显高于Ⅱ级以下胶质瘤6/28(21.4%,P＜0.005).结论:端粒酶是促进胶质瘤发展的主要因素之一,且可能是新的恶性颅内肿瘤的瘤标,可以用于恶性颅内肿瘤的早期诊断.

摘要:目的:探讨Graves病(GD)患者血清细胞间粘附分子-l(sICAM-1)的变化特点及其临床意义.方法:采用超敏ELISA法检测60例GD初诊患者(25例伴Graves突眼,GO)、35例GD缓解患者和30名健康对照者血清ICAM-l水平.结果:(1)GD初诊伴和不伴突眼者sICAM-1浓度分别为(331.15± 42.23)pg/m1和(266.13±27.10)pg/ml,GD缓解组sICAM-l检测值为(179.94±25.04)pg/ml,对照组为(141.045±2.839)pg/m1.(2)GD初发(伴或不伴突眼)组sICAM-l水平显著高于缓解组和对照组;GD缓解组sICAM-l与正常对照比较差异无显著性;GD初发组的突眼患者sICAM-l虽高于无突眼者,但二者比较无明显统计学差异.(3)GD患者血清sICAM-1与游离T3(FT3)、游离T4(FT4)及促甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)水平明显正相关,但与TSH浓度无显著相关关系.结论:GD患者体内存在着sICAM-1的明显异常,并且sICAM-1水平与甲状腺功能状态和(或)GD自身免疫状态密切相关.

摘要:目的:探讨一氧化氮-环磷酸鸟苷(NO-cGMP)通路在支气管哮喘发病机制中的作用.方法:给10名健康人、1 3例缓解期哮喘病人及29例发作期哮喘患者诱导痰液,检测诱导痰液中NO2-/NO3-及cGMP的水平.并对其中11例哮喘发作期患者应用强的松(30 mg/d),治疗1周的前后进行自身对照研究.结果:哮喘发作期患者NO2-/NO3-水平显著高于健康对照者[(406.34±512.18)μmol/L,(71.80±100.98)μmol/L,P＜0.01],应用激素后患者在症状、体征好转的同时,NO2-/NO3-和cGMP的水平均有明显下降,稳定期哮喘患者的NO2-/NO3-水平同正常人相比差异无显著性.结论:NO-cGMP通路可能在哮喘的发病中起重要作用,诱导痰NO2-/NO3-的测定是无创伤性检测哮喘气道炎症的一项简便易行的实用方法.

摘要:目的:研究肾综合征出血热(HFRS)多尿期肾图的变化及其意义.方法:静脉注射131I-邻碘马尿酸钠(131I-OIH)3.7×109Bq(10 μCi),用闪烁照相法描记15 min,通过电子计算机自动处理,得出肾图的各项参数.结果:20例受检者均已进入多尿期,24 h尿量在2 000 ml以上,血尿素氮(BUN)已正常或接近正常,但肾图却明显异常,表现为半排时间(TC1/2)延长(＞8 min),15 min残留率(C15/b)超过50%,肾脏指数大多低于45%;同期作尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-m)测定,也明显高于正常;8例作发射型电子计算机扫描(ECT)检查,肾小球滤过率(GFR)和有效肾血浆流量(ERPF)分别为(40.8±21.2)ml/min和(350.8±1 02.1)ml/min,均明显低于正常(P＜0.01).结论:HFRS患者多尿期肾图大多呈排出不良和功能受损的图形,表明该期肾功能以及肾血流量尚未恢复正常,对症治疗仍需继续.

摘要:目的:探讨α1A受体阻滞剂坦索罗辛对改善前列腺癌患者下尿路梗阻症状的作用.方法:对存在有下尿路梗阻症状的26例前列腺癌患者,在进行联合雄激素阻断治疗的同时,加用α1A受体阻滞剂盐酸坦索罗辛.结果:治疗后2周和4周,治疗组的最大尿流率(Qmax)、国际前列腺症状评分(I-PSS)、残余尿量(PVR)均比对照组有显著性改善(P＜0.05).结论:α1A受体阻滞剂坦索罗辛可有效地改善前列腺癌患者下尿路梗阻症状.

摘要:目的:为了解上腹部手术后红细胞内糖酵解通路是否全面受到抑制,观察红细胞内己糖激酶(HK)和磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)活性的变化.方法:20例择期上腹部手术病人随机分成两组:硬膜外阻滞(EB)组,异丙酚静脉麻醉(PRO)组.于麻醉前、手术60 min、术后60 min、术后第1天和第2天5个时点取静脉血,同步测定血糖和HK、PFK活性.结果:两组病人术后第1天HK和PFK活性均明显下降.与麻醉前值分别相比较,每克Hb HK活性:(1.35±0.95):(1.90±1.02)IU(P＜0.05,EB组);(1.01±0.42):(1.91±0.63)IU(P＜0.01,PRO组).每克Hb PFK活性:(0.90±0.49):(1.86±0.49)IU(P＜0.01,EB组);(0.81±0.32):(1.70±0.70)IU(P＜0.01,PRO组).术后60 min和第1天、第2天血糖值明显高于麻醉前值(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:上腹部术后高血糖状态下,红细胞内HK、PFK活性均下降.提示术后红细胞内糖酵解通路受到全面抑制.

摘要:目的:介绍并评价改良Sigma手术的可控性尿流改道临床疗效.方法:14例膀胱、前列腺肿瘤患者接受该手术.取25cm左右乙状结肠折叠后全层切开,再缝合成低压袋,低压袋顶端固定在骶岬处,两输尿管末端合并吻合并外翻形成乳头,从低压袋上方引入再植.结果:术后发生直肠阴道瘘1例,经横结肠造口过渡后自愈;1例左肾积水伴上尿路感染,经输尿管顺行扩张后恢复正常,该患者术后3个月发生严重低血钾,经补充枸橼酸钾后治愈.平均随访22.5个月,本组未见尿失禁、上尿路感染.3例肿瘤复发,2例肉瘤复发患者于术后6个月后死亡.结论:改良Sigma手术费时短,对肠管扰动小,操作简便,术后尿控满意,无上尿路积水、感染及明显酸碱电解质紊乱,明显提高了患者生活质量.

摘要:目的:比较两种大脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,寻找一种更加理想、稳定和可靠的模型.方法:选用Ethicon缝线(直径0.16 mm)和Takeno钓鱼线(直径0.20 mm),按Koizumi和Longa插线法制作局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型.缺血2 h再灌注4 h和22 h神经病学评分计算有效率和死亡率.TTC染色计算梗死面积百分比.结果:Koizumi模型再灌注4 h有效率和22 h梗死面积百分比较Longa法为高,而再灌注4 h死亡率较低.结论:大鼠MCAO局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型采用Koizumi法优于Longa法.理想的大鼠插线模型受插线直径、插线头端形态、插入深度和大鼠体重等因素影响.

摘要:目的:将颅脑损伤分为5型,研究尼莫地平对不同类型的治疗效果及副作用,以求得到合理的治疗方案.方法:通过5项指标来确立每一型病人的治疗效果,通过每项指标多样本计数资料的x2检验,再进行组间两两样本四格表资料的X2检验,确定每项指标结果的有效意义.结果:在相同的治疗条件下,不同类型颅脑损伤的治疗效果具有统计学差异.结论:尼莫地平对不同类型颅脑损伤的治疗效果不同,临床上应合理使用.

摘要:目的:通过对宫颈鳞癌组织中粘附分子吞噬糖蛋白(CD44v6)表达的测定,分析CD44v6与宫颈鳞癌各临床病理参数间的关系,探讨其在宫颈鳞癌发生发展中的作用以及作为估计宫颈鳞癌预后指标的价值.方法:用SP免疫组化法测定20例正常宫颈鳞状上皮组织和51例经手术治疗的浸润性宫颈鳞癌组织CD44v6的表达情况.结果:正常宫颈鳞状上皮、浸润性宫颈鳞癌的CD44v6阳性率分别为100%和72.6%,宫颈鳞癌晚期、细胞分化不良、肿瘤较大、宫颈浸润程度深和有淋巴结转移者CD44v6阳性表达率明显降低.结论:CD44v6对监测宫颈鳞癌的预后有一定的意义.

摘要:目的:探讨无功能胰岛细胞瘤的诊断和治疗.方法:回顾分析19例患者的病史资料,其中施行肿瘤摘除5例,胰体尾切除+脾切除5例,胰十二指肠切除2例,胰体尾切除+Roux-en-Y吻合术1例,全胰切除1例,胆囊空肠吻合术3例,活检2例.结果:肿瘤位于胰头6例,胰体2例,胰尾9例,累及全胰2例,多发1例;病理证实恶性8例,良性11例.除2例术后分别死于肝功能衰竭和胰瘘、多器官衰竭外均获满意疗效.结论:手术切除肿瘤均可取得良好疗效.

摘要:目的:研究肥胖、胰岛素抵抗与候选基因PC-1之间的关系及其在中国人群分布的规律.方法:运用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(polymeras chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP),分析了53例正常对照者,27例单纯肥胖者(oB),33例肥胖伴高血压、高血脂症者(OB+HL),35例肥胖伴高血压、高胰岛索血症者(OB+HI)的浆细胞膜糖蛋白(PC-1)基因第4外显子121位谷氨酰胺/赖氨酸多态性(K、Q等位基因).结果:Q等位基因频率在正常对照、肥胖人群、非肥胖糖尿病人群、糖尿病伴肥胖人群分别为3%、18%、4%和30%.与正常对照组比较,OB、OB+HL、OB+HI人群的相对危险性(RR)分别为4.26,6.35,8.62.与OB组比较,OB+HL、OB+HI人群的RR分别为1.33和1.81.结论:PC-1 Q等位基因与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗的发生呈显著性正相关.OB+HL、OB+HI者比OB者具有更高的PC-1 Q等位基因频率.它参与了部分中国人肥胖的发生.

摘要:目的:探讨邦得林(羟乙膦酸钠)对男性骨质疏松骨代谢的影响.方法:采用15周龄雄性大鼠去睾后作为动物模型,随机分为3组:正常对照组、去势组、邦得林治疗组,28周后行血尿生化、骨密度、骨生物力学及病理检查.结果:与正常组比较,模型组睾酮水平明显下降(P＜0.01),全身及股骨中点骨密度明显下降(P＜0.05),碱性磷酸酶显著降低(P＜0.01),24 h尿羟脯氨酸、尿钙与肌苷比值显著增高(P＜0.05),股骨最大受力负荷及股骨最大挠度均显著下降(P＜0.05),骨小梁体积、骨表面面积/体积、平均骨小梁厚度显著下降(P＜0.01);邦得林治疗组大鼠全身与股骨骨密度显著下降(P＜0.05),弹性模量显著增加(P＜0.05),24 h尿羟脯氨酸、尿钙与肌苷比值已降低到正常组大鼠水平,骨小梁体积、平均骨小梁厚度、平均骨小梁板间隙明显上升(P＜0.01),平均骨小梁板密度明显下降(P＜0.01).结论:去势使大鼠骨形成减慢,骨吸收加速,造成了男性骨质疏松的动物模型.早期应用邦得林可缓解雄激素缺乏引起的骨吸收加速,但仍不能完全预防骨质疏松的发生.

摘要:目的:探讨2型糖尿病(DM)肥胖与高胰岛素血症和脂质代谢之间的相关性.方法:2型DM分为肥胖组46例[体重指数(BMI)≥24]和非肥胖组57例(BMI＜24).测定空腹血糖(FBG)、胰岛素、C肽和甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(Tch)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、血尿酸(UA).结果:2型DM肥胖组空腹胰岛素、TG、Tch、UA分别为(11.64±5.74)μU/m1、(2.42±1.05)mmol/L、(5.10±1.17)mmol/L、(351.67±96.59)μmol/L,非肥胖组分别为(8.34±4.88)μU/ml、(1.64±1.23)mmol/L、(4.41±1.06)mmol/L、(285.37±131.72)μmol/L,两组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.01).两组餐后2 h胰岛素、C肽、HDL差异无显著性.2型DM患者BMI与空腹胰岛素、TG、Tch、UA呈显著正相关(r=0.436,0.330,0.271,0.361,P值均＜0.01).在2型DM中空腹胰岛素与TG、UA正相关(r=0.314,0.279,P值均＜0.01).结论:BMI是影响脂代谢、UA和胰岛素的重要因素.2型DM肥胖患者存在胰岛素抵抗,有高胰岛素血症、脂代谢异常和高尿酸血症.

摘要:目的:通过对Binswanger脑病临床分析,探讨其病因、发病机制及诊断要点.方法:对Binswanger脑病患者进行临床体检、韦氏成人智力量表测定,并行头颅CT及MRI检查.结果:36例Binswanger脑病患者88.9%患高血压,均有脑动脉硬化和(或)大脑皮层下损害的症状和体征,智力商数(IQ)均小于70,头颅CT扫描示脑室周围存在大片低密度区,MRI检查T2加权像可见双侧弥漫性大脑白质高信号.结论:高血压是其发病重要危险因素,CT及MRI检查的特异性是确诊该病的重要依据.

摘要:目的:探讨下腔静脉后输尿管的诊断和治疗.方法:回顾分析1985年5月～1999年6月我院收治10例下腔静脉后输尿管.结果:下腔静脉后输尿管的诊断依赖静脉肾盂造影、逆行造影和CT扫描,9例行腔静脉前输尿管输尿管吻合或输尿管肾盂吻合,腔静脉后输尿管不切除,1例肾积水严重行肾切除.结论:X线和CT扫描可确定下腔静脉后输尿管的诊断,腔静脉前手术离断吻合输尿管、输尿管或输尿管肾盂吻合是治疗本病的最佳方法.

摘要:目的:非穿透性小梁切除术(NPT)治疗难治性青光眼的临床效果.方法:对残余青光眼、外伤性青光眼、无晶体眼继发性青光眼、新生血管性青光眼、色索性青光眼13例(14眼)采用单纯NPT、粘性小管切除术.结果:术后随访1～5个月,视力无1例下降,平均眼压由术前6.13 kPa改善为术后1.57 kPa.无任何严重并发症发生.结论:NPT治疗难治性青光眼降眼压效果好,术中、术后并发症少,是一种有前景的抗青光眼手术.

摘要:目的:探讨提高闭合性肾损伤诊治效果的方法.方法:对1996年8月～1999年8月收治的61例闭合性肾损伤临床资料进行回顾分析.结果:61例中血尿56例(91.8%),休克23例(37.67%),合并伤38例(62.3%);影像学检查44例(72.1%),其中进行B超或CT单项检查26例,进行双项或3项检查18例,数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查、超选择肾动脉栓塞7例.手术25例(41%),其中肾切除11例,肾修补2例,肾盂切开取石1例,探查手术11例.死亡3例.随访6个月,发生继发性出血8例,其中3例行超选择肾动脉栓塞治愈.结论:(1)强调对病人进行全面、细致的检查和观察,对合并伤要及时发现和处理.(2)影像学检查中CT优于B超,行双项或3项检查诊断符合率大为提高.(3)DSA、超选择性肾动脉栓塞具有对肾损伤分类精确、栓塞效果可靠、避免了手术和肾切除等优点,值得推荐.(4)通过对继发性出血原因的分析,提出对肾损伤仔细分类、术中全面探查防止疏漏的重要性.(5)对受轻微外力导至肾损伤的病人,应仔细检查是否存在病理性肾损伤,对原发疾病应考虑同时治疗

摘要:目的:通过睥静脉解剖情况的调查,探讨脾静脉在门静脉高压症时门-体静脉分流的应用价值和可能性.方法:经过25具尸体调查脾静脉长度、宽度,以及脾静脉与邻近结构的关系.结果:25具尸体的脾静脉长度为(11.18±1.75)cm,脾门端宽径为(1.19±0.16)cm,门静脉端脾静脉宽径为(1.34±0.20)cm;脾静脉与左肾静脉大多平行,甚至重叠;脾静脉的属支注入部位变异极大.结论:脾静脉与左肾静脉相近,脾-肾静脉分流相当方便.脾静脉的门静脉端管径比较宽,管壁比较厚,有一定弹性,为远端脾-肾静脉分流或选择性远端脾-腔静脉分流手术提供了可能性,有一定临床使用价值.

摘要:目的:探讨垂体卒中的磁共振成像(MRI)特点,以提高确诊率.方法:回顾分析经手术病理证实的MRI诊断8例垂体卒中病例.结果:8例病人中有7例为肿瘤出血,2例为瘤内出血,3例出血溢及鞍上或鞍旁,2例出血进入脑内形成颞叶血肿,l例为肿瘤大面积梗死.出血灶在T1WI和T2WI像均为高信号.1例梗死病灶T1WI和T2WI像均表现为低信号.4例行Gd-DTPA增强后扫描,其中2例显示肿瘤内有小囊样低信号坏死灶,1例为肿瘤大面积梗死病例.结论:MRI检查对垂体卒中的诊断和预后判断有重要价值.

摘要:目的:通过我院新入院精神病人为抽样代表的营养调查,了解精神病人在发病期的营养状况.方法:采用询问法,对患者膳食史进行回顾性的调查,并进行体格检查和部分生化项目的测定.结果:发现轻、中度和重度营养不良208例,占51.1%,血红蛋白低于正常值273例,占67.1%.结论:精神病患者显示营养不良的表现是以比较严重的肌蛋白消耗为主.

摘要:目的:观察纳络酮对不同原因引起的昏迷患儿在治疗中的价值.方法:在胞二磷胆碱、脑活素、甘露醇、吸氧、病因及并发症的处理等常规治疗方法上,36例昏迷患儿加用纳络酮治疗,并与对照组28例比较.结果:治疗组意识及脑干功能恢复所需时间分别为(1.24±0.76)、(1.04+0.70)天,较对照组的(2.85±1.96)、(2.17±1.55)天明显减少,P均＜0.01.结论:昏迷患儿加用纳络酮疗效显著,可使意识及脑干功能恢复时间明显缩短,未见副作用.

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摘要:目的:阐述胰岛素受体基因缺陷与胰岛素抵抗发生机制间的方法.方法:运用PCR-单链构型多态性技术,对9个黑棘皮病家系(计9例患者,23例他们的一级亲属)进行了该基因17外显子筛查工作,对其中带型异常者进行了DNA直接测序确认.结果:发现了3个既往未报道过的错义突变和5个沉默多态性(slient polymorphism),即杂合子突变Val983→Met,纯合突变Gln1004→Lys、纯合突变Gly1022→Lys、Pro980(CCA→CCC)、Leu1002(CTG)→CTT)、Gln1004(CAA→CAG)、Gly1008(GGC→GGT)、Glu1034(GAG→GAA).结论:上述突变可能是造成黑棘皮病患者胰岛素抵抗的主要原因.

摘要:目的:观察胰岛素样生长因子(insulin-like growth factor-I,IGF-I)、生长抑素(somatostatin,SS)在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(hypoxic-ischemic encehapopathy,HIE)极期和恢复期血液中的变化;探讨IGF-I、SS在HIE发病机制中的作用.方法:(1)用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定正常对照组、HIE极期、恢复期血浆SS的水平.(2)用免疫放射分析(IRMA)测定上述标本血清中IGF-I的水平.结果:(1)HIE极期、恢复期与正常对照组IGF-I、SS水平有显著差异(F＝78.7,P＜0.01;H＝33.3;P＜0.01),HIE极期IGF-I、SS水平下降,恢复期IGF-I、SS水平升高.(2)HIE轻、中、重度组间IGF-I、SS水平比较,均有显著差异(F＝3.38,P＜0.05;H＝6.46,P＜0.05),病情越重,IGF-I、SS水平越低.结论:(1)HIE极期IGF-I、SS水平下降,恢复期IGF-I、SS水平升高,提示IGF-I、SS在HIE的发病机制中可能具有重要作用.(2)HIE时IGF-I、SS水平下降程度与疾病轻重程度有关.IGF-I、SS检测对临床疾病严重程度的判断可能具有指导意义并可作为病情恢复与否的一个监测指标.

摘要:目的:探讨一种新的过继免疫治疗肝癌方法.方法:将肝癌细胞株(H22)接种于近交系BALB/c小鼠皮下,制成荷瘤小鼠模型,用IL-2/AK细胞/抗白介素2受体α链单抗(aIL-2Rα MAb)治疗,以发现其抗肿瘤作用.结果:荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞NK活性无明显变化,LAK和CTL活性及淋巴细胞刺激指数在联合治疗组均高于其他各组(P＜0.01);肝癌皮下结节在联合治疗明显受到抑制,肿瘤小鼠生存期明显延长.结论:

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摘要:中央召开思想政治工作会议给加强和改进高校思想政治工作提供了很好的契机,江泽民同志在会上的重要讲话论述精辟,思想深邃,对加强和改进高校思想政治工作具有重要指导意义.面向新世纪,高校如何加强和改进思想政治工作,笔者认为需要着眼全局,立足育人,着力于提高认识,明确任务;遵循规律,抓住关键;建立良性运作机制和发挥整体效能,使加强和改进高校思想政治工作落到实处.

摘要:在当前抓紧抓好中青年干部培养的过程中,要充分估计国内外形势对中青年干部的思想影响,从而认识到加强中青年干部理想信念教育的紧迫性和重大意义,采取有力措施,解决中青年干部的理想信念问题.

摘要:党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争要常抓不懈,这是改革开放和现代化建设顺利进行的重要政治保证.纪检监察工作的任务,就是要在党中央领导下,为创优良党风、建廉洁政风、堵腐败源头作党的卫士,必须对资产阶级自由化倾向进行认真的批判,必须重视干部工作的党风廉政建设要求,必须加强社会主义的制度建设,必须用党性原则去制裁党内的腐败现象.创优良党风,堵腐败源头,一定要认真落实中共中央、国务院<关于实行党风廉政建设责任制的规定>精神,从思想认识上抓起,从学习上抓起,从规章制度上抓起,从干部带头作用上抓起,这是各级领导干部义不容辞的责任.

摘要:中国20年的改革实现了经济的伟大跨越,这种跨越是在逐步否定传统的社会主义模式,创建有中国特色的社会主义过程中完成的.我们对所有制的重构以体外改革促进体内改革的渐进式方式已进入核心攻坚阶段,成为改革成败的关键,重构微观经济基础就是建立现代企业制度,而非公有制经济在所有制关系中的认可和在所有制结构中的定位是非常重要的理论和实践问题,也是我国未来经济发展的关键问题.

摘要:银行与企业的关系是现代市场经济中最重要的经济关系之一.银行体制的改革与国有企业改革是我国当前经济体制改革的两大热点和难点问题.能否顺利建立新型的银企关系关系到两项改革的进程.作者通过对中国银企关系的现状及成因分析,提出构筑中国新型银企关系的模式.并随经济发展予以相应调整,从而实现再造中国金融的目标.

摘要:医院文化是医院物质文化和精神文化的总和,包括物态文化、制度文化和文化心态三个层面.建设医院文化对于促进医院改革、发展和管理等具有重要的意义.在医院文化建设中,医院领导者要有文化头脑,善于从文化角度去观察和认识问题,运用文化手段去做好医院各项工作,这是搞好医院文化建设的关键.

摘要:随着知识经济时代的到来,我国图书馆事业面临大规模发展,作者从医药卫生专业特点和医疗卫生人员继续教育的需要出发,结合江苏文化经济和医疗卫生发展的优越条件,呼唤在古城南京建一座现代化的省医学图书馆.

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摘要:近年来高校师资流失已成为一种普遍现象,究其原因,对作为管理对象的教师主体地位的忽视是一个重要原因.从高校管理的角度看,要把师资队伍建设作为一个完整的系统来看,以人为本,从而构建师资队伍的主动力系统、辅动力系统、反馈控制系统以及系统环境.

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摘要:社会主义市场经济体制的建立和完善,对我国的经济发展和社会进步起到了巨大的促进作用,也必将对我国现行的教育体制带来巨大的影响和冲击.该文仅就高等医学教育如何适应市场经济的发展,从高等医学教育的发展速度、规模、培养目标、教育模式以及为了实现高等医学教育的改革和发展,如何建立一支相对稳定、高质量的教师队伍等方面阐述了作者的观点和更进一步的思考.

摘要:根据医学生的心理特点改革高等学校政治理论课教学,提出增强政治理论课吸引力的具体措施,解决学生对政治理论课理论的理解和接受的设计以及应用的开展.

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摘要:分析中医专业的主干课程<针灸学>上、中、下三篇教学各自的特点.提出上篇内容多而抽象,宜引入多媒体形象教学手段,提高教学效率;中篇实践性强,应将理论学习与实践求知融为一体,加强学生动手能力训练;下篇与相关课程交叉、重复较多,要采取综述和病案讨论的方法组织教学活动,启迪学生的积极思维,引导学生运用所学知识去解决临床实际问题,提高学生理论联系实际、综合分析与辨证施治的能力.

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摘要:在新的历史时期,探索培养现代合格医学人才是医学教育工作者的目标.医院将综合素质教育贯穿于实习带教的始终,并针对"双向选择”、"考研”等问题对毕业实习的影响,增设卫生国情教育,采取休息日补实习等对策.医院坚持教学研究,重视教学改革,鼓励教师创新,为培养现代合格医学人才,在对实习医生的素质教育和能力培养上进行了尝试,取得了明显效果.

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摘要:概述优生学史发展的三个阶段:(1)前科学阶段,从远古到1880年;(2)优生学建立时期,高尔顿的生平及其贡献;(3)科学时期,本世纪初到现代.牢记优生学的历史教训十分重要.

摘要:1952年,美国军队在朝鲜战场上实施细菌战.在朝鲜和我国东北等地,空投细菌弹等,通过跳蚤、苍蝇、老鼠等媒介生物,传播烈性传染病如鼠疫、霍乱等,妄图以此作为尖端武器来大量杀伤我中朝军民,但中朝军民联合作战,彻底粉碎了美帝的阴谋.

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摘要:Objective　To investigate whether measurement of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) could aid in the diagnosis and the evaluation of progress of viral myocarditis(VMC). Methods　The cTnI of serum samples from 282 patients with clinical diagnosis of VMC were determined with ELISA using 2B1.9 and 2F6.6 monoclonal antibodies. The effect of the serum from 25 patients who had sustained high level of cTnI on the capacity and affinity of cardiac muscarinic receptor was evaluated with［3H-QNB］ and frozen sliced human cardium. EVs RNA , mutation of mitochondrium DNA(mtDNA) in lymphocyte and cardiac biopsy specimen were assayed by the method of PCR. CVB IgM and neutralizing antibody titer were measured in part of patients. Results　The level of serum cTnI in 157 of 282 patients was higher than the upper normal limit (>7.1 μg/L), the positive rate being 55.7%. The rate of cTnI level returning to the normal range was 52.3%and 90.8%, in 3 months and 6 months respectively. The serum from the patients with sustained cTnI elevation inhibited the capacity and affinity of human cardiac M receptor, which resulted in downregulation and desensitization of the receptor; these reactions were similar to those of the serum from patient with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM). The mutation frequency of mtDNA in lymphocyte and cardiac biopsy specimen in VMC cases were 15.8 and 2.5 times higher than that in normal subjects. The duration of CVB IgM present in serum was much longer and the rates of symptom improvement and arrhythmia disappearance were significantly lower in the patients with higher serum cTnI than in those with normal level cTnI. Conclusion　Elevation of serum cTnI seemed to be a good marker for the presence of myocardial injury in VMC patients. Sustained high level of serum cTnI in VMC patients might suggest the development of autoimmune antibodies, cardiac receptor injury and the higher frequency of mtDNA mutation that possibly contributed to DCM process.

摘要:Objective: To detect whether the ANF gene transferring into the injured carotid arterial wall is able to prevent intimal hyperplasia after carotid injury. Methods: A full-length ANF cDNA was amplified from human embryo brain by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). It was cloned into plasmid pcDNA3 to form the pcDNA3/ANF construct. An inflated balloon (4.0 mm) at 4-6 ATM were drawn forth and back in left common carotid for 3-4 times in 30 New Zealand white rabbits for making carotid injury model. The rabbits were divided into 3 groups according to the time interval after arterial injury: the 3 days′ group, the 8 days′ group and the 21 days′ group. There were 6 rabbits for gene transferrence, 4 rabbits for control in each group. At the same time, pcDNA3/ANF coated with Tfx-50 liposome （at a charge ratio of Tfx50 Reagent to DNA of 3∶1）was transferred into the injured artery for 45 minutes , while cell culture media 199 of the same volume was injected in the control groups. The liquid was drawn back after transfection. The existence of ANF cDNA, the expression of ANF gene products and its effect on injury carotid were tested at 3, 8 and 21 days after transfection using Southern blot, dot blot, radio-immunology assay and histological sections respectively.Results: There were the ANF mRNA expression and the ANF gene existence at the gene transferring groups after delivery of hANF cDNA with the level of mRNA expression and gene existence slightly decline in 21 days group. The number of intima cells decreased by 28%compared with control group 3 days after transfection (P < 0.05). The neointima area decreased by 52%8 days after transfection (P<0.01), and decreased by 8.6%21 days after delivery (P<0.05), with no change after delivery 30 days. PcDNA3/ANF gene transfer had no effect on media area. The content of ANF in plasma showed a tendency to rise without statistical significance. Conclusion: pcDNA3/ANF coated with liposome Tfx-50 gene transfer inhibits hyperplasia of smooth musle cell and neointimal development after carotid injury.

摘要:Objective　In order to study the biological function of Fas and Fas ligand system, discuss the feasibility of treating tumor with transfecting FasL gene. Methods　the rat Fas ligand complementary DNA was subcloned to retroviral vector pLXSN, acquired pLXSN/FasL+ recombinant with direct inserting and single copy,then packaged with PA317 amphotropic packaging cells,anti-G418 clones were acquired,and it was named PA317/ pLXSN-FasL+ cells.Results　The titer of virus was 4.7×107 CFU/ml,there was FasL gene integration in PA317/pLXSN-FasL+ cells detected by polymerase chain reaction. When we used the supernatant of the PA317/pLXSN-FasL+ cells to infect hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG-2,SMMC-7721,CBRH-7919 and RH-35 ,the FasL expression was found at all the surface of the four cell lines through FCM,and the apoptosis in HepG-2 and CBRH-7919 cells which had high levels Fas expression was found too.Conclusion　the results show that it is an effective way to introduce FasL gene to retroviral vectors, which can be used to induce apoptosis in the cells with high levels Fas expression.

摘要:Objective　Using mutagenically separated allele-specific polymerase-chain-reaction (MS-PCR) technique to determine the correlation between angiotensinogen gene M235T (Ag TM235T) polymorphism and the onset of familial essential hypertension in the population from Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces. Methods　(1) Establish and compare the optimal reaction system of PCR-RFLP and MS-PCR technique to detect AgTM235T polymorphism. (2) All subjects were divided into four groups: 62 patients with both hypertension and familial background (FH), 32 normal persons who had familial background (FNH), 26 persons in control group (N) and 10 patients with hypertension but without familial background (NFH group). The genotype of all subjects was determined by MS-PCR technique.Results　(1) The frequency of T allele in PCR-RFLP was 0.5, much lower than 0.95 in MS-PCR, which was demonstrated by DNA sequencing. (2) The TT-genotype and the frequency of T allele (TT/T) in FH and FNH groups were much higher than those in N and NFH groups (0.581/0.766 and 0.563/0.766 vs 0.346/0.577 and 0.40/0.550, P<0.005). (3) Persons developing hypertension in FNH group were much younger than other three groups (28.07±9.72 , P<0.025). Conclusion　(1) Compared with PCR-RFLP, MS-PCR is a rapid, simple and reliable technique for detection gene polymorphism of Ag TM25T. (2) In Jiangsu and Anhui area, the present study confirms the observation of a higher frequency of the 235T allele of the angiotensinogen gene in hypertension and identifies individuals with family history. Concerning of the age, we might speculate that the AgTM235T polymorphism is only associated with familial essential hypertension.

摘要:Objective　To describe the association between apolipoprotein E alleles, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods　Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), we studied the apolipoprotein E genotypes in 142 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 131 age-matched healthy subjects, as well as the association between apolipoprotein, plasma lipids, and CHD. Results　Compared with the E3 allele, the E4 allele was associated with elevated total cholesterol (TC) values (average increase about 0.32-0.58 mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values, and apolipoprotein B (APOB). The E2 allele has opposite effects (average decrease about 0.34-0.61 mmol/L at TC). Both in cases and controls, the allelic frequency of E3/3 was highest, reaching 67.8%of whole volume, hemozygote of apo E3 was moderate, and homozygote E4/4 was low, E2/2 and E4/2 were rare. The frequencies of E3/4 and E4/4 were significantly higher in patients with CAD compared with controls (P<0.001).Conclusion　Apolipoprotein E alleles are important genetic markers for dyslipidemia and CHD.The carrier of E4 gene was the risk factor of CHD.

摘要:Objective　To establish a model of combined pancreas-kidney transplantation in pig. Methods　A renoportal end-to-end anastomoses between the left renal vein and the distal end of portal vein were performed. Only two vascular end-to-side anastomoses between the donor portal vein and recipient inferior vena cava, and between the donor aortic segment including the celiac, superior mesenteric, and left renal arteries and recipient abdominal aorta were constructed. Pancreas exocrine drainage was established with duodenocystostomy. The ureterostomosis of the graft was performed. Results　Satisfactory results were obtained in 11 pigs. Conclusion　The method for combined pancreas-kidney transplantation was reliable.

摘要:Objective　To investigate the clinical efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF) with low dose CsA for chronic rejection in primary cadaveric renal recipients. Methods　A total of 8 renal recipients who were clinically diagnosed as chronic rejection were given triimmunosuppressive agents: MMF 1.5～2.0 g/d+ CsA 2 to 3 mg/kg*d-1 and pred 10 mg/d.Results　Blood creatinine reduced to normal level and urine protein disappeared in five cases, blood creatinine and urine protein decreased obviously in two cases, and kidney function deteriorated in another patient 4 to 9 weeks after this strategy. No acute rejection episodes or liver damage occurred among these patients during treatment. White blood cells reduced in one case, but it improved after therapy. Conclusion　 MMF combined with low dose CsA can bring a considerable efficacy in reversing chronic rejection of renal recipients. This immunosuppressive strategy may be a useful routine in the treatment of chronic rejection.

摘要:Objective　To analyze the clinic characteristics of varicella zoster myocarditis and to determine the diagnostic value of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI ) on the disease. Methods　Information of 58 hospitalized patients with varicella zoster was collected, and the incidence of varicella zoster myocarditis and clinic characteristics (ECG, cTnI, age and sex distribution, etc. ) were analyzed respectively. Results　It was found that 36.2%of the patients developed myocarditis. The old and female persons were much more susceptible to varicella zoster myocarditis. All patients had responsive ECG manifestations, and the abnormal ST-T changes were more common than other ECG abnormalities. CTnI remained higher than normal and had significant diagnostic value. Most of the patients had good prognosis, only a few patients lasted a long time and even progressed into cardiomyopathy. Nearly all the patients came to see dermatologists when they felt ill initially. That would lead to more misdiagnosis. Conclusion　Infection of varicella zoster can complicate myocarditis, we must pay more attention to the patients who suffer from varicella zoster especially in the aged and female; cTnI is an important and effective index for diagnosis of varicella zoster myocarditis.

摘要:Objective　To evaluate the therapeutic effect and the mechanism of dextran microsphere hepatic artery embolization for hepatoma. Methods　Partial hepatectomy was performed in 11 patients with hepatoma pretreated with dextran microsphere hepatic artery embolization. All specimens were for histopathologic studies in order to observe the destiny of dextran microspheres and necrotic degree of the tumor. Results　complete necrosis of the tumor was found in seven cases and incomplete necrosis of the tumor in the rest 4. Tumors in the later were near to areas rich in arterial collateral anastomoses. The extent of tumor necrosis was unrelated to the presence and thickness of tumor capsule and capsular invasions. Dextran microspheres could cause permanent embolization of distal arterioles. The microspheres were very biocompatible and cause little foreign body reaction. No inflammatory changes were seen both inside and outside of the embolized artery 191 days after embolization. Dextran microspheres were not absorbed and the vessel recanalization was also not seen. Dextran microsphere was not found in portal veins. Conclusion　Some hepatomas distant from the collateral circulation of arteries could be cured with dextran microsphere hepatic artery embolization alone.

摘要:Objective　To investigate the effect of thrombin on periventricular tissue. Methods　Thrombin solution (10U/10μl) was infused into the ventricles of rats. Then, the local cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in the area of basal ganglia and thalamus were measured. In separate experiments neurons were cultured in the medium with thrombin, and lactate dehydrogenase was determined. Results　The thrombin induced blood-brain barrier disruption and neuron death in the culture, whereas cerebral blood flow did not drop to the injury level. Conclusion　Periventricular tissue damage suffering from the thrombin and blood-brain barrier disruption and cell toxicity could elicit pathological mechanisms.