摘要:目的:探讨光学相干断层成像术(OCT)检测开角型青光眼视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度与视野损害的关系,评价OCT在早期诊断青光眼中的意义.方法:正常人30例(52眼),高眼压9例(14眼)以及分成早期、进展期、晚期的原发性开角型青光眼48例(74眼).采用Humphrey全自动视野计、Zeiss-Humphrey OCT分别进行视野以及视盘周围RNFL厚度检测.比较正常组、高眼压组以及青光眼组的RNFL厚度,分析青光眼组视野检测的平均缺损(MD)与RNFL厚度的关系.结果:正常组与高眼压组RNFL厚度差异无显著性(P＞0.05);青光眼组较正常组、高眼压组RNFL厚度明显变薄,晚期青光眼表现为弥漫性RNFL缺损.视野检测的平均缺损与RNFL厚度呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论:OCT能够反映青光眼RNFL厚度的改变,为临床早期诊断青光眼提供更多的信息.

摘要:目的:用介入栓塞技术建立一种能用于影像学诊断与溶栓治疗研究的犬急性脑栓塞动物模型,并评价其技术上的可行性和稳定性.方法:6只成年毕格犬,抽取犬自体静脉血制作白色血栓,DSA透视下将4F猎人头导管插至左侧颈内动脉注入血栓,分别在栓塞前及栓塞后立即以及1、2、5 h行脑血管造影观察所栓塞血管的通畅情况.24 h后处死动物行病理检查.结果:6只犬全部成功栓塞左侧大脑中动脉,其中4例合并其他脑血管栓塞.至栓塞后2 h造影没有发生血管再通,5 h造影发现1例栓塞的后交通动脉出现部分再通.24 h后动物均存活,病理检查在深部脑组织皆出现脑梗死病灶.结论:介入栓塞技术建立的犬急性脑栓塞动物模型具有操作简单、创伤小易存活、栓塞可靠的优点,可用于脑梗死的早期诊断及临床溶栓研究.

摘要:目的:观察热休克蛋白B1(heat shock protein B1,HSPB1)对H2O2诱导的大鼠心肌细胞损伤过程中线粒体膜电位(DY)的影响,从线粒体水平阐明HSPB1保护心肌细胞抗氧化损伤机制.方法:以本室建立的稳定转染人HSPB1的大鼠心肌细胞系H9c2(HSPB1 H9c2)和空载体转染的H9c2(CON)为实验对象,300μmoL/L H2O2刺激2、4和8 h后,倒置光学显微镜观察细胞形态学变化,荧光探针JC-1测定线粒体膜电位.结果:HSPB1高表达显著抑制了H2O2诱导的典型凋亡形态学改变;HSPB1高表达使线粒体膜电位升高42％以上(P＜0.001);HSPB1高表达显著抑制线粒体膜电位下降,H2O2刺激2、4、8 h后,HSPB1 H9c2和CON的线粒体膜电位分别降至刺激前的69.5％和66.5％(P＜0.05),74.4％和67.0％(P＜0.05),70.7％和58.1％(P＜0.05).结论:HSPB1有效抑制了氧化应激诱导的以凋亡为主的细胞损伤和线粒体膜电位丧失,提示线粒体膜电位的稳定可能参与了HSPB1抗心肌细胞的氧化损伤机制.

摘要:目的:研究食管鳞癌中环氧合酶-2(COX-2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达和微血管密度(MVD)与肿瘤病理特征之间的关系.方法:应用免疫组化的方法检测62例食管鳞癌组织、42例正常食管上皮中的COX-2、VEGF、CD31的表达,以CD31作为MVD指标,分析它们的表达与肿瘤病理特征之间的关系以及它们三者之间的相互关系.结果:食管鳞癌中COX-2和VEGF的表达较正常食管上皮明显增加;COX-2、VEGF的表达与MVD值正相关;三者水平与肿瘤TNM分期、浸润深度、淋巴结转移正相关.结论:COX-2、VEGF在食管鳞癌组织中高表达,与血管生成关系密切,可能参与了肿瘤生长、浸润和转移,可作为判断食管鳞癌生物学行为的重要指标.

摘要:目的:观察基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)在川崎病不同时期表达水平,探讨其在冠状动脉(冠脉)损伤中的作用.方法:选择明确诊断为川崎病患儿27例(无冠脉损伤组10例,冠脉损伤组17例),按病程分为急性期、亚急性期和恢复期;另以年龄相仿的10例败血症患儿、10例正常儿童为对照组.分别应用明胶酶谱法、酶联免疫吸附法检测血清MMP-9的活性和蛋白浓度,半定量RT-PCR法检测外周血白细胞MMP-9mRNA表达水平.结果:所有川崎病患儿急性期血清MMP-9活性和蛋白浓度显著高于发热对照组和正常对照组(P＜0.01),而到亚急性期、恢复期则依次明显降低(P＜0.01).与无冠脉损伤组比较,冠脉损伤组患儿急性期MMP-9活性和蛋白浓度升高更明显(P＜0.05).川崎病患儿急性期外周血白细胞MMP-9 mRNA表达明显增强(P＜0.05),血清MMP-9蛋白浓度与循环白细胞总数正相关(r=0.480,P＜0.05).结论:MMP-9在川崎病急性期尤其伴冠脉损伤时表达明显升高:MMP-9可能参与了川崎病血管炎尤其是冠脉扩张损伤的病理过程.

摘要:目的:评价气道滴入氟达拉滨对气道炎症的作用及在体内抑制信号转导和转录活化因子1(STAT1)的效果,从而探讨其作为治疗肺部炎症性疾病药物的可能.方法:清洁级ICR小鼠36只,脂多糖(LPS)制备肺部炎症模型后经鼻滴入不同浓度的氟达拉滨(fludarabine)溶液,观察动物一般状况、肺部病理和STAT1蛋白表达的变化.结果:不同浓度的氟达拉滨滴入均能抑制LPS导致的体重下降和肺部炎症,并抑制肺部STAT1表达.结论:氟达拉滨气道滴入能显著抑制气道炎症和改善动物一般状况,其机制可能与抑制STAT1的表达有关.

摘要:目的:探索一种较为简单且能有效复制中、重度兔肺气肿模型的实验方法.方法:健康雄性新西兰白兔18只,随机均分为对照组和模型组.麻醉动物后,行气管插管(盲插),然后模型组气管内滴入胰弹性蛋白酶3ml(2000 U/kg),对照组气管内滴入生理盐水3 ml作为对照,测定各组肺功能,血气分析及取肺组织做光、电镜形态学观察,图文半定量分析.结果:实验第10天时,模型组有1只死亡.实验第42天,已形成明显中度全小叶型肺气肿,血气分析及肺平均内衬间隔(MIL)、平均肺泡数(MAN)与对照组比较有明显差异(P＜0.05),肺功能各项指标符合中度肺气肿.结论:气管内一次性注入胰弹性蛋白酶可简便而有效地复制兔肺气肿模型.

摘要:目的:评价麦芽糖注射液为2型糖尿病患者供能的有效性及其对血糖、脂质等代谢的影响.方法:126例2型糖尿病患者随机分为两组,分别静脉输注10％麦芽糖注射液或0.9％氯化钠注射液各500ml.主要观察输液前后血糖(BG)、血胰岛素、尿糖水平及血游离脂肪酸(FFA)、血酮体、尿酮体的变化.结果:①治疗后,麦芽糖组(A组)在用药5h内血糖有小幅度的上升,而氯化钠组(B组)血糖有所下降,两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).但用药后第2天两组血糖比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05);A组3 h尿糖升高,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).②两组病人用药5 h内游离脂肪酸都有所下降,A组患者下降更明显,有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗前后血胰岛素水平的变化A组与B组无显著性差异(P＞0.05);血酮体、尿酮体治疗前后变化两组无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:麦芽糖注射液用于2型糖尿病患者,在提供能量与补充水分的同时未导致胰岛素分泌增加及血、尿酮体的升高,并可降低血中游离脂肪酸的浓度.虽然开始治疗5 h内血糖水平有小幅度的上升,但仅为一过性,且不引起其他代谢紊乱的后续反应,所以在监测血糖的同时可安全用于2型糖尿病患者.

摘要:目的:探讨不同血压水平动脉顺应性和颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)亚临床血管病变的特点及其临床意义.方法:分别用桡动脉脉搏分析仪和血管外超声检测69例正常血压者、42例正常高值血压者、87例1级高血压和38例2级以上高血压患者大动脉顺应性(C1)、小动脉顺应性(C2)和颈动脉IMT.结果:①随着血压水平的增高,C1和G2逐步减低,组间两两比较均有统计学差异(P＜0.05).颈总动脉IMT在正常高值组与正常血压组间差异无显著性(P＞0.05),高血压1级及2级以上组IMT均增厚,与正常血压组和正常高值组比较有统计学差异(P＜0.01);②卡方分析表明正常血压组、正常高值组和高血压组C1异常减退率分别为0％、1.4％、2.4％,组间无统汁学差异(P＞0.05).C2异常减退率在正常血压组、正常高值组和高血压组分别为23.3％、42.9％和77.9％,组间差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:小动脉顺应性C2降低早于血压升高、C1减退和颈动脉IMT增厚,提示C2减低能更早更敏感地反映不同血压水平亚临床血管病变.

摘要:目的:观察雌激素受体ERβ亚型在正常前列腺组,良性前列腺增生症(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)组及前列腺腺癌(prostate cancer,Pca)组中的分布与表达的差异,了解它在良性前列腺增生症和前列腺腺癌形成中的作用.方法:10个正常的前列腺来源于新鲜猝死的男性尸体:20个前列腺增生标本来源于在我院诊断为良性前列腺增生症患者的耻骨上前列腺摘除标本:30例前列腺癌标本分别为前列腺穿刺活检或根治性前列腺癌切除标本,病理证实为本病.所有的标本用免疫组化半定量的方法评估ERβ的表达及分布.结果:正常前列腺上皮细胞ERβ阳性率为60％,BPH组为50％,而Pca组降至23.3％;前列腺癌组与正常前列腺和BPH组ERβ在上皮中的阳性率有显著差异(P=0.0384);3组标本基质中ERβ的阳性率从13.3％～20.0％,各组间无显著差异.Gleason评分2～6的Pca的ERβ的表达率为38.8％,但评分7～10的肿瘤未发现ERβ染色(P=0.0242).A、B期肿瘤中ERβ的阳性染色率为42.8％,在C、D期则降到6.25％,两组比较有显著差异(P=0.0309).结论:ERβ的表达主要见于前列腺上皮细胞核,较少分布于前列腺基质细胞核:前列腺上皮中ERβ的表达下降可能与前列腺癌的形成有关;ERβ表达率的差异可能与前列腺癌的Gleason评分及临床分期相关.

摘要:目的:采用经食管超声心动图(TEE)技术对不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术(OPCABG)患者手术前后心脏功能的变化进行评价.方法:在全麻TEE和肺动脉导管监测下35例OPCABG患者,男性28例,女性7例,平均年龄(63.8±9.4)岁,体重(70.0±7.7)kg.TEE监测指标:①面积减少分数(FAC);②经左室流出道的心排血量(CO);③经二尖瓣血流频谱(TMF)的E波和A波峰值流速、E/A比率和E波减速时间(DT);④经左上肺静脉血流频谱(PVF)的S波、D波和AR波的峰值流速.记录术前和术后上述各项指标.结果:与术前比较,术后TMF的E波(55.0±13.8比69.2±17.8 cm/s)、A波(53.3±17.0比61.5±16.1 cm/s)和PVF的S波(37.6±13.3比48.7±14.4 cm/s)、D波(31.5±8.5比39.1±9.8 cm/s)和AR(15.7±5.3比19.3±4.8 cm/s)波峰值速度、FAC(43.3％±13.8％比53.3％±12.5％)和CO(4.0±1.0比5.5±1.5 L/min)值均显著增加(P＜0.01);而E/A、DT和S/D无明显变化:使用正性肌力药组的术前E/A值和术后S/D值分别显著低于和高于不使用正性肌力药组(P＜0.05);E/A＜1组的术前和术后S/D值及术前AR值均显著高于E/A≥1组(P＜0.05),且E/A＜1组有更多比例患者需正性肌力药.结论:TEE可评价和区分OPCABG患者的心脏收缩和舒张功能;OPCABG患者普遍存在舒张功能不全,再血管化后,心脏收缩功能迅速显著改善而舒张功能不全依然存在.

摘要:目的:探讨创伤性休克时肾脏血栓调节蛋白表达的变化和意义.方法:复制大鼠创伤性休克模型,采用免疫组织化学方法测定休克后30、60、120 min时肾脏血栓调节蛋白的表达水平.结果:正常大鼠对照组肾脏血栓调节蛋白表达多为阴性或弱阳性表达,休克后30、60、120 min时肾脏血栓调节蛋白阳性表达水平较对照组升高,有统计学意义,尤其以休克后120 min表达显著升高.结论:创伤性休克可导致肾脏血栓调节蛋白大量表达,这与创伤休克时存在明显的微循环系统紊乱和内皮功能障碍有关.

摘要:目的:探讨小剂量化疗联合粒细胞集落刺激因子治疗急性髓细胞白血病(AML)的疗效和不良反应.方法:21例AML,其中M01例,M211例,M52例,M61例,慢性粒细胞白血病(CML-BC)3例,骨髓增生异常综合征-伴原始细胞增多(MDSRAEB)3例,进行包括阿克拉霉素和阿糖胞苷联合粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)的CAG方案.结果:有效率16/21例(76.2％),AML达完全缓解(CR)14/21例(66.7％);16例为老年、继发或复发AML(14例为＞50岁),CR 9例(56.3％),化疗的不良反应轻、中度.结论:CAG方案对AML的治疗效果明显,且对老年性、耐药性或继发性白血病效果肯定.

摘要:目的:探讨维甲酸受体α、β和γ在乳腺癌中的表达与乳腺癌发展的关系.方法:采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RTPCR)方法检测维甲酸受体α、β和γ(RARα、β和γ)在49例乳腺癌中的表达.结果:乳腺癌组织中RARα、β和γ的mRNA表达分别为41/49(84％),23/49(47％)和43/49(87.76％).乳癌组织中RARβ丢失明显高于RARα和RARγ(P＜0.001).RARβ的丢失与肿瘤大小,肿瘤分化程度,淋巴结转移和肿瘤分期有关.结论:RARβ的丢失可能与乳腺癌的发展有关并影响维甲酸治疗进展期乳腺癌的疗效.

摘要:目的:通过分析冠状动脉(coronary artery,CA)病变患者的心率变异(heart rate variability,HRV)和有否侧支循环对HRV的影响.了解冠状动脉病变和侧支循环与自主神经功能紊乱之间的关系.方法:对93例CA病变患者用时域分析法对心率变异性各项指标进行了检测,并与100例CA各支直径减少＜50％的对照组比较.结果:CA病变组与对照组相比,心率变异的各项指标全部正常R-R间期的标准差(SDNN)和其均值(SDNNI)、正常相邻R-R间期差值的均方根(rMSSD)和其值＞50 ms(PNN50)的百分比无差别(P＞0.05).根据有否侧支循环把CA病变组分为A(无侧支循环)组和B(有侧支循环)组.两组相比.代表心率总变异程度的SDNN和SDNNI明显降低(P＜0.01),代表迷走神经功能的rMSSD和PNN50也有下降(P＜0.05).结论:无侧支循环的CA病变患者的HRV比有侧支循环的CA病变患者低,侧支循环对CA病变患者的心脏自主神经功能可能有保护作用.

摘要:目的:探讨心肌背向散射积分(IBS)参数在冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)前后变化的意义.方法:用二维超声及心肌背向散射联机分析技术,观测18例冠心病患者室壁运动计分指数(WMSI),左室射血分数(EF)及前间隔(中段、基底段)、后壁(中段、基底段)、前壁(中段)、下壁(中段)、后间隔(中段)7个节段IBS参数在PCI前及PCI术后2周、PCI术后3个月变化的情况及其相互关系.结果:PCI术后EF、WMSI与术前相比差异有显著性(P＜0.05-0.01),PCI术后2周和3月EF,WMSI差异有显著性(P＜0.05).存活节段:在术前、术后2周、术后3个月相比:背向散射积分变异幅度(CVIB)、及其变异度(CVIB％)术后明显增高(P＜0.01),标化平均背向散射积分(AⅡ％)逐渐减少(P＜0.01),术后2周与术后3个月相比差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:PCI术后存活节段IBS参数比室壁运动恢复快,故可更早地了解异常节段局部心功能恢复情况,为临床选择合理的治疗方案提供重要依据.

摘要:目的:利用自主开发的动脉血气分析软件分析慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者酸碱失衡的特点.方法:利用血气分析软件分析92例COPD患者424例次的动脉血气及同步测定K+、Na+、Cl-、HCO-3的检查结果,判断其酸碱失衡的特点及酸碱失衡与呼吸衰竭类型之间的相关性.结果:①92例COPD患者急性发作期入院时存在8种酸碱失衡类型,以呼吸性酸中毒(respiratory acidosis,RAC)为基本类型的酸碱失衡占90.2％,其中RAC+代谢性酸中毒(metabolic acidosis,MAC)、RAC、RAC+阴离子间隙(anion gap,AG)增高性MAC居前3位;②住院期间424例次的检测,存在11种酸碱失衡类型;③以RAC为基本紊乱类型的369例中Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭(呼衰)为355例,占96.2％.Ⅰ型呼衰为10例,占2.7％.Ⅱ型呼衰患者中,RAC+MAC为164例次,RAC为120例次,两者占总数的80％.结论:该软件具有快速、准确、界面友好、操作方便等特点,提高了二重和三重酸碱失衡判断的准确性.

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摘要:按照科学发展的要求,围绕力争"两个率先",建设和谐社会的目标,实现江苏卫生事业与医学人才的协调发展是涉及卫生事业和医学教育长远发展的大事.对江苏卫生事业发展和医学人才培养现状做出全面而详实的分析,有利于正确看待现实,科学规划长远,促进江苏卫生事业和医学教育健康发展.

摘要:目前,医疗侵权纠纷案件中原告的举证责任尚局限于证明医患关系和损害后果存在的范围.但是审判实践中发现医疗过错中的部分举证责任应当适当转移到患方.这是因为医疗鉴定通常仅就医疗技术进行评价,而不能涵盖医疗行为中所有内容.此外,很多患方具备证明医方存在责任事故过错的能力,而且自发的在运用.同时,患方在诉讼技巧上常常更优于医方,举证能力大大超出理论界的预想.因此可以扩大患方的举证范围,将属于责任事故过错的证明责任适当分配给患方.

摘要:法官是法治的核心要素,法律必须依靠法官来公正有效地适用.而在法官要素中,法官良知又是其灵魂,法官良知在很大程度上决定司法过程的结果,决定有无司法公正.文章着重就法官良知的内涵及保持法官良知的内外部诸条件进行了阐述.

摘要:我国刑事司法鉴定中存在着很多问题,严重影响了刑事诉讼对公正和效率的追求,干扰了刑事司法改革的进展.全国人大常委会<关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定>,针对司法鉴定管理制度的问题,提出了较为现实的改革方案,即通过理顺司法鉴定工作的管理体制和运行机制,建立独立、公正的司法鉴定体制.这个决定对规范我国刑事司法鉴定必将起到积极的作用.

摘要:笔者从一起典型的多头鉴定案件看到我国司法鉴定体制中司法鉴定人的准入制度是有待解决的核心问题.文章提出了一套切实可行、严格的鉴定人准入标准的设想,并探索下一步司法鉴定人才培养的方向及基本原则,以适应社会发展的迫切需要.

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摘要:新世纪新阶段中国致力于构建全体人民各尽其能、各得其所而又和谐相处的社会,这就必然要求加强法制建设,创造良好的法制环境.树立法律的最高权威性,进一步完善法律制度、依法行政、公正司法、建立健全社会信用制度是构建社会主义和谐社会的根本法律保障.法律对于把和谐社会建设摆在重要位置,激发社会活力,尊重和保障人权,促进社会公平和正义具有十分重要的意义.

摘要:传统法文化作为一种观念形态对现代法治的实现具有深刻影响,而且主要是消极影响这点是不言而喻的.要把我国建设成为社会主义现代化国家,一个重要的目标就是实现我国社会生活的法治状态,而不解决好传统文化对现代法治的影响这个关键问题,这个目标是很难实现的.文章试图从分析我国传统法文化形成原因入手,来阐述我国传统法文化与现代法治整合对我国实现法治的重要性,重点阐述了我国传统法文化与现代法治整合的途径及意义,目的在于为我国现代法治社会的建立出谋划策.

摘要:在新的社会历史条件下,党能否取得人民群众的支持,仍是巩固执政之基的根本性问题.加强执政能力建设必须要立足密切党群关系,以保持党同人民群众血肉联系为核心.在不断提高"五个方面能力"的时候,在进行党的政治建设、思想建设、组织建设、作风建设和制度建设的进程中,始终把密切党群关系贯穿其中,切实做到并体现以人为本,坚持为人民谋利益,坚决治理腐败,凸现"立党为公,执政为民"的本质.

摘要:目前,我国卫生执法队伍尚未能按照职业化的要求进行建设.卫生执法队伍职业化的内容应当包括职业资质、职业意识、职业素质、职业原则和职业道德等五个方面,而实现职业化则需要从准入制度、继续教育制度、责任制度、评议考核制度和监督检查与惩戒制度等方面加以保障.

摘要:文章分析了国外制药企业药物经济学研究的外在压力和内部需求,对其药物经济学研究的内容和方法进行了简要介绍,并重点分析了在加拿大的跨国制药企业药物经济学研究的特点.借鉴国外制药企业的有益做法,以待我国制药企业在经营活动中引入药物经济学研究,从而在新药研发决策、营销价格策略以及产品促销策略方面发挥积极的作用.

摘要:构建医师的忠实义务在于促成利益信赖模式的医患关系.医师的忠实义务源于医学伦理和民事法律,内容包括医疗信息公开,经济利益相反行为的禁止,健康利益相反行为的禁止,期待利益相反行为的禁止等.如果医师违反忠实义务,应给予患者一定的精神抚慰金.

摘要:文章借鉴核心竞争力的理论,探讨了医院核心竞争力的内涵,提出了医学院校附属医院核心竞争力的特征,分析了医学院校附属医院所面临的挑战,重点提出了医学院校附属医院应从办院理念、管理优势、学科建设和人才队伍等方面彰显其特色和优势,并加强核心竞争力的构建.

摘要:文化就是明天的经济.医院要在未来的市场竞争中赢得优势,就必须拥有自己的综合竞争力.综合竞争力是一所医院长期积累的智力、物力、医疗技术、管理水平和文化底蕴的集中体现.市场经济条件下的竞争不仅仅是医院医疗技术和管理水平的竞争,更重要的是医院整体素质和整体形象的竞争,这就必须借助于加强医院文化建设.

摘要:文章从更新医院人事档案管理观念、对人事档案的动态管理以及管理队伍的建设等三个方面,对如何认识医院人事档案管理工作现状和管理要求进行了阐述,提出人事档案管理的目的是为了对档案进行利用,医院人事档案的管理应实行动态管理,管理的队伍是专业化人员,管理的结果是推动人事制度的改革发展、促进人才的合理流动、提高医院的经济效益和社会地位,加快医院小环境管理与社会大环境管理的发展步伐.

摘要:为了解当今大学生素质及素质教育现状,并在此基础上为大学生培养和教育建言献策,文章根据民盟江苏省委教育工作委员会、中国药科大学和南京医科大学等联合向在宁高校百名教授学者发放的有关大学生素质教育的问卷调查结果,对当前大学生整体素质、道德现状和心理问题进行分析,并提出提高大学生综合素质的相关建议.

摘要:爱国主义是中华民族精神的核心,爱国主义教育是高校的优良传统.然而在新世纪,高校爱国主义教育面临着许多新挑战.文章阐述了全球化对高校爱国主义教育的冲击,探讨了爱国主义的时代特征,提出了高校要与时俱进,加强和改进爱国主义教育.

摘要:探讨耶鲁大学医学院的办学理念,以及以此为指导的培养目标和专业结构、医学教育制度、教学模式、课程体系、课程结构和学术培养系统,结合我国医学人才的培养模式进行讨论,认为加强实践、减少灌输、发挥医学生的积极性和主动性、提高学术水平、营造良好的学术环境是我们需努力的方向,他们的成功经验为输送高级医学人才和建设一流大学提供了宝贵经验.

摘要:UES教育模式是探索在知识经济时代下,高校实现教育资源优化配置的新模式.模式中的U、E、S分别代表着University(大学)、Enterprise(企业)、Student(学生)三3大教育构成要素.该模式通过将企业及其对人才的培养目标纳入到高校培养目标体系及要素体系中来,以充分实现高校的教育职能及其教育资源的优化配置.文章扼要地探讨了在UES教育模式下学生应具备的专业素质结构,主要包括:职业素质更全面、个性素质更鲜明、能力素质更突出、知识技能素质更扎实、身体素质更健康等.

摘要:为探求生殖医学课程设置和课程发展的必要性和意义,寻找更好的教学方法和形式,更好地优化教学内容和结构.我们在比较广泛的层面上(针对不同年级、不同学制、不同专业的学生),进行了有关生殖医学教学相关问题的问卷调查.通过对调查结果的总结、分析和思考,获得了大量的有益信息,为生殖医学课程的建设和改进寻找到更好的方法.

摘要:健康传播学是国内外医科院校中的新兴学科,教学模式也还处于探索阶段.而20世纪末的建构主义学习理论所提倡的协作学习对于今天的健康传播学教学有着非常积极的作用.文章从"什么是协作学习"、"建构主义的教学模式"和"健康传播学教学活动中协作学习的构建"三个问题出发,结合教学中的实际例证厘清协作学习的作用.

摘要:虽然学习方式与外语学习的关系研究存在一定的局限性,但学习方式研究对改善外语教学仍有一定的指导作用.文章从学习方式的性别差异、学习方式的文化差异、教学方式和学习方式的匹配、计算机辅助教学、学习方式和学习策略的训练等五个方面阐述了改善外语教学的具体措施,认为在诊断和匹配学习方式时应持慎重态度,在实践中重要的是识别不同学习者的学习方式,并最大限度地发挥学习者各种学习方式的优势.

摘要:笔者认为,要保证当前高校双语教学工作的顺利进行,应正确处理好如下四大关系:一是语言教学与教学语言的关系,弄清双语教学的目标与手段;二是工作必要性与可能性的关系,认识双语教学的意义与可行性;三是师资水平与学生素质的关系,明确双语教学教的基本条件与学的可接受性;四是原版教材与教学方法的关系,解决双语教学的工作成效与质量.文章着重就以上四大关系各自的基本内涵、相互关系以及具体要求进行了全面深入的阐述.

摘要:Dendritic cellls (DCs) comprise an essential component of the immune system, are crucial in the initiation of antigen specific immune responses. In this summary we focus on summarizing on the central role of DCs in skin diseases: Bullous dermatoses,Dermatitis, Psoriasis, Lichen Planus , Graft-versus-host disease, Connect Tissue Diseases, Virus Diseases, Fungi Diseases, HIV, Urticaria, Urticaria pigmentosa, Mastocytosis, Tumour, Solar dermatoses. Moreover, in this summary we review the distribution and phenotype of DCs in human skin. Markers and phenotyps ' s study have provided strong support for a concept in which DCs play an important role in the pothogenesis of some skin diseases.

摘要:Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease resulting from the selective destruction of β cells in the pancreatic islets.In both human and rodent models of type 1 diabetes, the clinical disease is preceded by a progressive mononuclear cell invasion of the pancreatic islets (insulitis). In the early stage of insulitis, the major components are monocyte/macrophages, and the recruitment of mononuclear cells is a critical step in the pathogenesis of the type 1 diabetes. Studies have revealed that Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)specifically recruits monocytes/macrophages into pancreas and plays an important role in the development of insulitis and diabetes.

摘要:Objective: To examine whether lipoxin A4 (LXA4) induces apoptosis of renal interstitial fibroblasts and explore the mechanisms of signal pathway of LXA4. Methods: Rat renal interstitial fibroblasts (NRK-49F cells) were exposed to LXA4 at different concentrations. Prior to the experiment, the cells were transfected with Smac or calpain 10 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), or treated with calcium channel inhibitor SK&F96365. Apoptosis of cells was recognized by double staining using acridine orange and ethidium bromide, observed in laser scanning confocal microscope, and counted by a flow cytometer. Caspase-3 activities were measured by colorimetric assay. The levels of free cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+ ]i) were analyzed in fura-2-loaded cells by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Expression of calpain 10 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR. Expressions of Smac protein and threonine phosphorylated Akt1 proteins at 308 site were determined by a Western blotting analysis. Activity of signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3) was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Results: LXA4 at the concentrations of 0.1 and 1μmol/L induced 9.83％ and 33.82％ apoptosis of NRK-49F cells respectively, reduced at S and G2-M phase and increased the cells at G0-G1 phase in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of the cells with LXA4 increased the expressions of calpain 10 and Smac, the levels of [Ca2+ ]i and activity of caspase-3. It also down-regulated the DNA-binding activity of STAT3 and expression of threonine phosphorylated Akt1. Transfection of the cells with calpain 10 antisense ODN inhibited the LXA4-induced apoptosis, activity of caspase-3 and expression of calpain 10, and ameliorated the decreased activity of STAT3. Transfection of the cells with Smac antisense ODN inhibited the LXA4-induced apoptosis, activity of caspase-3 and expression of Smac. Pretreatment of the cells with SK & F96365 inhibited the LXA4-induced apoptosis, levels of [Ca2+ ]i, expression of calpain 10 and Smac. Conclusion: LXA4 at high concentration induced apoptosis of rat renal interstitial fibroblasts via [ Ca2 + ] i-dependent up-regulation of calpain 10 and Smac expressions.

摘要:Objective: To demonstrate the relationship between actin phosphorylation and actin sequestration in ATP-depleted rabbit renal proximal tubules. Methods: Using two-dimensional electrophoreses and Western blotting to analyze the phosphorylation state of the sequestered actin in rabbit renal proximal tubules. Results: The analytical result of the sequestered actin indicated that nearly half of the actin was phosphorylated on serine residue(s). Conclusion: Result suggested a close correlation between actin sequestration and actin phosphorylation in ATP-depleted rabbit renal proximal tubules.

摘要:Objective: To study the effect of simvastatin on mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α,IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Methods: The experimental rats were divided into three groups: Sham operation group (Sham), the rats were performed a left thoracotomy with no ligation of left descending coronary artery (LAD); Myocardial infarction control group (MI-C), the rats were performed a left thoracotomy with ligation of LAD; Simvastatin group (MI-S), the rats were performed a left thoracotomy with ligation of LAD, and given simvastatin 40 mg/kg body weight per day through gavage, while the other two groups were given equal normal saline by gavage. All animals were caged to feed four weeks. After finished, the rats were killed, and the hearts were harvested and cut into two equal parts at the level of the papillary muscle: one was used to determine mRNA expression of myocardial cytokines by RT-PCR, and the other was used to measure cytokines by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Results: All the pro-inflammatory cytokines mentioned above showed few expression in Sham operation group. In the MI groups(including MI-C and MI-S groups), mRNA expression of each of these cytokines markedly increased compared with the Sham operation group ( P ＜ 0.01). Compared with MI-C group, the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the MI-S group significantly reduced( P ＜ 0.01), and mRNA expression of IL-10 obviously increased ( P ＜ 0.01). Cytokines principally located in cardiomyocytes of non-infarcted area and survived cardiomyocytes of infarcted area, simvastatin could decrease TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and increase IL-10 by confirmation of immunohistochemical staining. Conclusion: Simvastatin markedly lowers pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increases inflammatory protective cytokine. Its mechanism needs to be elucidated.

摘要:Objective: To evaluate the immunoisolating effects of barium-alginate microencapsulation on islets allograft survival. Methods: The nonmicroencapsulated and microencapsulated islets were transplanted under the kidney capsule or intraperitoneally into Wistar rat with STZ-induced diabetes. The blood glucose and insulin secretion of grafts were observed. Graft function was tested by oral rats was associated with normal glucose and insulin profiles in response to OGTT. Conclusion: Microencapsulation with barium-alginate membrane can prolong islet survival and protect islets against allorejection.

摘要:Objective: Previous studies have shown that allitridum can protect myocardium from ischernia/reperfusion (I/R)injury, but whether allitridum had the effect of anti-apoptosis is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether allitridum had the effects of pharmacological preconditioning and decreasing myocardium apoptosis after ischemic insult. Methods: Pentobarbital sodiumanesthetized Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats underwent 30 min of left anterior descending (LAD) coronary occlusion followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Thirty-six rats were divided into three groups randomly: Control group, I/R group and allitridum (G) group. The control and I/R groups with saline, G group with allitridum were administrated 24 h before operation. Control group underwent only sham operation;the other two groups underwent I/R operation. Infarcted size (IS/AAR ％ ) was measured in I/R and G groups. Malondialdehyde(MDA), Creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB), Superoxide dismutase (SOD)and the apoptosis index (AI) by TUNEL staining were measured in each group. In addition, DNA fragmentation by agarose gel electrophoresis was conducted on DNA isolated from these groups.Results: Allitridum pretreatment decreased the infarcted size compared with I/R group in IS/ AAR％ [(21.85 ± 1.49)％ vs.(44.65±4.65)％, P＜0.01], CK-MB [(986.40±94.01) vs. (2044.25±107.28) U/L, P＜0.01] and MDA [(3.26±0.35) vs.(4.96±0.46) nmol/mg pro, P＜0.01], and SOD level in G group was higher than that of I/R group [(140.20± 12.89)vs. (73.16±11.22) U/mg pro, P＜0.01]. AI of I/R group was higher than that of G group [(13.99±3.05)％ vs. (6.97± 1.23)％, P＜0.01],which was consistent with that in DNA fragmentation by agarose gel electrophoresis. Conclusion: This study indicated that allitridum had the effect of protecting myocardium against I/R injury and decreasing infarcted zone. The effect was probably through decreasing myocardium apoptosis in I/R injury.

摘要:Objective: To investigate the different expression of three isozymes of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in diabetic rat colons and the contribution to the colonic dysfunction. Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in this experiment and diabetes were induced by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, i.v. ). Three isozymes of NOS (nNOS, iNOS and eNOS) expression in proximal and distal colon were measured in two weeks after diabetes induction using the methods of immunocytochemistry and semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Positive immunoreactivity for nNOS was found in intermuscular and submucous plexus neuronal cells, neither eNOS nor iNOS had been found in any layers of colon in the two groups. The expression of nNOS mRNA was significantly increased in diabetic colon than that in control rats as determined by RT-PCR. The eNOS mRNA level of diabetic colon was lower compared to thecontrol rats, while no expression of iNOS mRNA was found in the normal or diabetic rats. Conclusion: This report has demonstrated that nNOS increased and eNOS decreased in rat colon in the early stages of diabetes. NO production by the nNOS might play a key role in colonic dysfunction, as supported by raised nNOS mRNA and enzyme expression in the diabetic colon. Reduced eNOS activity might also contribute to colonic dysfunction in experimental diabetes.

摘要:Objective: To investigate the mutations in the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in gastric cancer.Methods: The mtDNA of D-loop region was amplified by PCR and sequenced in 20 samples from gastric cancer tissue and adjacent normal membrane. Results: There were 7/20(35％ ) mutations in the mtDNA of D-loop region in gastric cancer patients. There were four microsatellite instabilities among the 18 mutations. Nine new polymorphisms were identified in 20 patients. Conclusion: The mtDNA of Dloop region might be highly polymorphoric and the mutation rate is high in patients with gastric cancer.

摘要:Objective: To study the function of cellular immunity in patients with hyper-IgE syndrome (HIE). Methods:T-lymphocyte subtypes of the peripheral blood and cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to two recall antigens, tetanus toxoid (TT) and purified protein derivative(PPD), were measured in five patients with HIE and 15 healthy controls, respectively. Results: The CD4+ cell counts in HIE group were significantly lower than those in control group ( P ＜ 0.01). In contrast, CD8 + cells were significantly higher than those in the control ( P ＜ 0.01). The induration sizes of DTH response to two recall antigens were smaller in HIE group than those in the control group ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion: There was an immunologic dysfunction of T lymphocytes in the patients with HIE.

摘要:Objective: To measure scFv antibody affinity using non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Methods:Using serial dilutions of antigen ([ Ag ], [ Ag' ] ) and antibody (anti-MAGE-Al scFv antibody), the affinity constant(Kaff) was measured by non-competitive ELISA. Two sigmoid curves of optical density (OD) versus logarithms of antibody concentrations were estimated by SPSS 10.0 software. The maximum value of OD (OD-100) of each curve was computed respectively and OD-50, half of OD-100, was obtained. Then the concentrations of antibody corresponding to OD-50 on the curves, named [Ab]t and [Ab' ]t were calculated. For [ Ag'] = 1/2 [ Ag], Kaff = 1/{2[ Ab' ]t-[ Ab]t}. Results: The affinity constant of scFv antibody was about 1.432 × 106 L/mol.Conclusion: Based on the Law of Mass Action, non-competitive ELISA method for measurement of antibody-antigen affinity constant is simple, rapid and reliable.

摘要:Objective: To explore the effect of percutaneous vertebroplasty to treat osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures. Methods: Seventeen patients with compression fractures at 27 different levels came in for percutaneous vertebroplasty. Under the guidance of C-arm image intensifier, bone needle was inserted into the fracture vertebral bodies via a unilateral transpedicular approach.Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was injected slowly under continuous fluoroscopic control. Then the effect was evaluated after operation.Results: Follow-up results among 15 patients were studied, other two patients lost contact. The follow-up period was from three to seven months. No patient had relapse of compression fracture. Leakage of the cement outside the vertebral body was seen in four bodies. All patients had a complete relief after Percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP). Conclusion: PVP is an efficient minimally invasive technique to treat osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures.