摘要:目的:构建SARS冠状病毒N基因重组腺病毒载体并在Vero细胞中表达,为进一步研究SARS病毒的基因疫苗提供试验基础.方法:用化学合成的方法得到SARS病毒N基因,以PCR法使其加上CACC序列接头,经过定向拓扑克隆使目的基因连接到转移载体上,再通过LR酶促反应,将目的基因转移到腺病毒表达载体DNA上,获得N基因重组的腺病毒DNA,转染HEK293A细胞,包装、扩增后得到SARS冠状病毒N基因重组的腺病毒,进一步感染Vero E6细胞,用western blot的方法检测目的基因表达产物.结果:目的基因能成功地在感染细胞中表达并保持了较好的免疫原性.结论:该研究为SARS冠状病毒基因疫苗的研制了提供理论和实验依据.

摘要:目的:探讨氯沙坦对高糖培养的系膜细胞产生活性氧和血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)mRNA表达的影响.方法:体外培养人系膜细胞,用高糖、氯沙坦干预不同时间后,应用比色法检测培养细胞上清液中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活力,丙二醛(MDA)的水平.用RT-PCR法测定血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)mRNA表达的影响.结果:与正常对照组相比,高糖组SOD、CAT的活力明显降低,而MDA含量明显升高,VEGF mRNA表达升高.与高糖组相比,高糖加氯沙坦组的SOD、CAT的活力升高,MDA水平下降,VEGF mRNA表达上调.结论:氯沙坦能抑制高糖所致细胞活性氧的产生和VEGF的表达,从而抑制细胞通透性升高,降低蛋白尿,发挥其肾保护作用.

摘要:目的:考察表面处理过的纳米二氧化钛和纳米二氧化锆加入牙科复合树脂后显微结构的变化.方法:采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米二氧化钛和纳米二氧化锆并进行表面处理,在牙科复合树脂中分别加入纳米二氧化钛和纳米二氧化锆,应用扫描电镜观察其显微结构并用X-线能谱分析其成分.结果:扫描电镜显示纳米二氧化钛和纳米二氧化锆均匀分布在牙科复合树脂中,X-线能谱分析显示纳米材料含量分别为8.59％和7.55％.结论:经过表面处理的纳米二氧化钛和纳米二氧化锆能够均匀的渗入牙科复合树脂中.

摘要:目的:研究高糖条件下系膜细胞氧化失衡与结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)mRNA表达之间的关系,通过抗氧化剂茶多酚证实氧化应激在糖尿病肾硬化发展中的作用.方法:高糖(35 mmol/L D-糖)条件下培养系膜细胞,加或不加茶多酚(20μg/ml),采用分光光度法检测不同时间点(0、12、24、36、48 h)的上清液中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及RT-PCR法细胞CTGF、FN mRNA的表达水平.结果:高糖显著降低上清SOD、CAT活力(P＜0.05),升高MDA水平(P＜0.05),刺激系膜细胞CTGF、FN mRNA高表达;茶多酚能有效抑制高糖的上述作用(P＜0.05).结论:①高糖条件下活性氧生成增多,抗氧化酶活性下降,氧化失衡,促进组织纤维化的进展.②茶多酚通过调节氧化失衡抑制纤维化的进展.③氧化平衡失调在DN发生、发展中具有重要的作用.

摘要:目的:探讨MALT淋巴瘤中细胞凋亡特点及其与BCL10 mRNA表达的关系.方法:收集10例黏膜相关淋巴样组织(MALT)和53例MALT淋巴瘤,原位杂交检测BCL10 mRNA表达,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡.结果:MALT组、低度恶性MALT淋巴瘤组和低高混合恶性MALT淋巴瘤组凋亡指数(AI)分别为(2.360±0.403)％、(1.584±0.211)％、(0.893±0.328)％.MALT组AI显著高于MALT淋巴瘤组(P＜0.01);BCL10 mRNA阳性率分别为40.0％、92.1％和86.7％,MALT组与MALT淋巴瘤组之间表达差异有显著性(P＜0.01).AI与BCL10 mRNA表达呈负相关(r=-0.634,P＜0.01).结论:BCL10高表达引起的凋亡抑制在MALT淋巴瘤发生发展中可能起重要作用.

摘要:目的:观察蒲公英提取物(ETM)对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用.方法:各组小鼠分别经口给予0.6、1.2、3.6g/(kg·d)的ETM及灭菌水30天后,观察其体重、免疫器官指数、脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)活性、抗体生成细胞水平及腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的变化.结果:ETM的0.6、1.2、3.6g/(kg·d)三剂量组均可增强小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、NK细胞活性及巨噬细胞吞噬指数水平;1.2、3.6g/(kg·d)剂量组可提高小鼠抗体生成细胞水平和巨噬细胞吞噬率.结论:蒲公英提取物具有增强小鼠免疫功能的作用.

摘要:目的:研究甲基泼尼松龙对肾癌细胞株786-0分泌载脂蛋白M(apoM)的影响.方法:体外培养肾透明细胞癌细胞株786-0,以不同浓度的甲强龙作用于对数分裂期的细胞24 h,Westem Blot检测细胞培养基中的apoM,分离提纯细胞总RNA,逆转录为cDNA,实时定量多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测细胞中apoM mRNA的含量.结果:甲基泼尼松龙浓度为250或375 μg/ml时,能刺激细胞内apoM mRNA转录,促进细胞分泌apoM.结论:甲基泼尼松龙能明显影响细胞株786-0 apoMmRNA的转录和apoM的分泌.

摘要:目的:探讨细胞间隙连接蛋白43(connexin43,CX43)和P糖蛋白(P-Glycoprotein,P-gp)与上皮性卵巢癌化疗疗效(耐药或敏感)及临床病理的关系.方法:在1999年1月至2003年6月间,从临床资料及随访资料完整的卵巢癌病例中,筛选出60例原发上皮性卵巢癌(primary epithelia ovarian carcinoma,PEOC)和6例正常卵巢的存档蜡块,作为研究对象.根据临床诊断将它们分为三组:化疗耐药组30例,化疗敏感组30例,正常卵巢组6例.这些病例术前均未接受过放疗,入院后均行全子宫和双附件切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫+阑尾切除+大网膜切除术,全部66例患者均有随访结果.用流式细胞术定量分析66例标本组织中CX43和P-gp蛋白的表达量.结果:①CX43蛋白的表达:化疗耐药组＜化疗敏感组＜正常卵巢组织,两两比较结果差异有统计学意义.②P-gp的表达:化疗耐药组＞化疗敏感组＞正常卵巢组织,差异均有统计学意义.结论:CX-43蛋白表达下降及P-gp蛋白的表达上升与上皮性卵巢癌的化疗耐药显著相关.

摘要:目的:探讨子宫内膜癌患者肿瘤组织相关基因编码蛋白表达与肿瘤转移的关系.方法:采用流式细胞术对32例子宫内膜癌患者肿瘤组织的p53V+、CD44v5+、CD44v6+、cerbB-2+、nm23+表达百分率和DNA含量进行了检测和分析.结果:子宫内膜癌患者p53V+、CD44v5+、CD44v6+、cerbB-2+的百分率较正常对照组显著升高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),肿瘤转移时升高更加明显;nm23+细胞表达率却显著降低(P＜0.05),肿瘤转移时进一步降低(P＜0.05).随着临床分期的增加,患者p53V+、CD44v5+、CD44v6+、cerbB-2+细胞表达水平均逐渐增高,而nm23+细胞却逐渐降低.肿瘤组织DNA倍体类型不同,p53V+、CD44v5+、CD44v6+、cerbB-2+、nm23+细胞表达率明显不同.结论:这些结果提示,肿瘤组织DNA倍性和肿瘤相关基因表达水平与子宫内膜癌患者病情发展和肿瘤恶性度有关,可用于患者预后判断.

摘要:目的:运用不同浓度的外源性肺泡表面活性物质(Surfactant)对盐酸诱导急性肺损伤兔进行肺灌洗治疗并评价治疗效果及量效关系.方法:25只新西兰白兔用盐酸诱导造模致PaO2/FiO2＜150 mmHg,然后随机分成5组,每组5只,以10 ml/kg的容量灌洗:生理盐水(组Ⅰ)、表面活性物质1 g/L(组Ⅱ)、表面活性物质3 g/L(组Ⅲ)、表面活性物质6 g/L(组Ⅳ)和表面活性物质12 g/L(组V),观察用表面活性物质洗肺治疗后PaO/FiO2、PaCO2和气道吸气峰压(PIP)的变化.结果:组Ⅲ、Ⅳ、V在治疗后30 min Pa0/FiO2、PaCO2均显著改善,3组之间没有显著差异,但PaO2/FiO2的改善不能持续3 h,而PaCO2的改善不能持续2 h,对于气道峰压(PIP)来说,只有组V在30 min出现显著降低但也不能持续2 h.结论:用3 g/L以上的表面活性物质对盐酸诱导的急性肺损伤进行肺灌洗治疗有效,可以明显改善PaO2/FiO2,但疗效的持续时间不能超过3 h,而且即使采用更高浓度的3、6、12 g/L的表面活性物质也不能相应提高治疗效果或延长疗效的持续时间.

摘要:目的:初步探讨超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、细胞内活性氧(ROS)在三氧化二砷(As2O3)抗肿瘤中的作用.方法:对小鼠S180肉瘤细胞采用细胞培养,并建立S180移植瘤动物模型,体内体外观察As2O3对S180肉瘤的抑制作用,同时检测S180肉瘤细胞及S180移植瘤肿瘤组织内的总超氧化物歧化酶(TSOD),含锰超氧化物歧化酶(MnSOD),含铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZnSOD)以及ROS的改变.结果:As2O3可以抑制小鼠S180肉瘤细胞生长并具有浓度依赖性,在一定浓度下其作用强于化疗药物阿霉素(ADM);肿瘤细胞内及肿瘤组织内的TSOD以及MnSOD均表现出下降的趋势,ROS则表现出上升趋势.TSOD和ROS呈负相关.结论:As2O3是通过降低细胞内SOD值,使细胞内超氧阴离子(O2·-)更多的积累以杀伤肿瘤细胞,这可能是As2O3抗肿瘤作用机制之一.

摘要:目的:对Q及N型Ca2+通道在兔不全梗阻性不稳定膀胱中的功能进行研究.方法:成年同龄雄性新西兰白兔30只,其中15只为对照组(仅仅手术游离兔膀胱颈而不做结扎梗阻为对照组),15只为膀胱出口不全梗阻8周尿流动力学证实为不稳定膀胱者为实验组.模型成熟后,采用急性酶法分离及传代培养的方法获得单个膀胱平滑肌细胞.运用膀胱平滑肌M受体激动剂和Q及N型Ca2+通道阻滞剂,进行共聚焦显微镜检测其Ca2+浓度变化;了解膀胱平滑肌细胞是否存在Q及N型Ca2+通道;运用免疫组织化学方法进一步证实膀胱平滑肌细胞上是否存在Q及N型Ca2+通道及其变化.结果:共聚焦显微镜及免疫组化均证实膀胱平滑肌细胞膜存在Q及N型Ca2+通道,且不稳定膀胱平滑肌细胞膜之Q及N型Ca2+通道数量明显增多.结论:膀胱平滑肌细胞Ca2+及其通道病理性改变是出现不稳定膀胱的重要因素之一.

摘要:目的:比较血浆心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)和肌酸激酶同工酶MBC(CK-MB)快速敏感反映心脏瓣膜置换术中心肌损伤的能力,探讨乌司他丁对心肌H-FABP和CK-MB变化的影响.方法:择期心脏瓣膜置换患者28例,随机分成乌司他丁组(Ⅰ组,n=14),对照组(Ⅱ组,n=14).分别在中心静脉开放后(T1),体外循环前即刻(T2),主动脉开放即刻(T3),主动脉开放1 h(T4)、2 h(T5)、3 h(T6)、18 h(T7),抽取中心静脉血测定血清中H-FABP和CK-MB.结果:两组患者H-FABP值在体外循环前即明显升高,主动脉开放即刻升高数十倍,主动脉开放1 h达到高峰,主动脉开放3 h明显下降(P＜0.05),主动脉开放18 h降到体外循环前水平.乌司他丁组H-FABP值在T3、T4、T5点均低于对照组,在T3点差异有显著性(P＜0.01).两组患者CK-MB升高的时间迟于H-FABP,仅在主动脉开放时才有明显变化,出现峰值时间和H-FABP相同,但持续时间要长于H-FABP.乌司他丁组和对照组相比CK-MB值在各时点无统计学差异.结论:H-FABP与CK-MB相比具有变化早恢复快的特点,乌司他丁能减缓其变化程度.

摘要:目的:观察Amplatz血栓消融器(ATD)在不同管径的静脉内操作时对静脉壁的损伤及程度,并探讨其损伤的机制.方法:采用Seldinger插管技术,将启动状态的ATD置于猪的髂静脉和下腔静脉内模拟血栓消融术,再以非启动状态的ATD置于对侧髂静脉内模拟血栓消融术作为对照.测量下腔静脉和髂静脉管径大小,对ATD所经过的静脉进行HE组织学染色检查.结果:ATD损伤仅累及血管内膜,中膜和外膜结构保持完整.ATD造成下腔静脉(10.92±1.33 mm)内皮细胞点状剥脱;髂静脉(5.66±0.43 mm)内皮细胞不同程度剥脱,实验组剥脱内皮细胞数明显大于下腔静脉组和对照组(P＜0.05).结论:ATD在静脉内操作时造成静脉壁损伤,其程度和机制可能与血管管径有一定关系.

摘要:目的:探讨幅度对比法磁共振血管造影(magnitude contrast magnetic resonance angiography,MC MRA)、二维时间飞跃法磁共振血管造影(2D time of flight magnetic resonance angiography,2D TOFMRA)、滑动间隔Ky(Sliding interleaved KY,SLINKY)采集的三维时间飞跃法磁共振血管造影(3D time of flight magnetic resonance angiography,3D TOFMRA)在腘以下动脉的应用价值.方法:健康志愿者14名,采用MC MRA、2D TOFMRA、SLINKY采集3D TOFMRA三种方法进行双侧腘以下动脉检查,并对图像质量进行比较分析.结果:MC MRA法背景抑制好,时间短,但无法去除静脉影像.2D TOF MRA显示血管清晰、均匀,血管分支显示较好.3D TOF MRA血管显示接近2D TOF MRA,但检查时间较长.结论:2D TOF MRA可作为腘以下动脉常规MRA的首选.

摘要:目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)腹腔动脉成像的能力及其临床应用价值.方法:随机选择65例行腹部CT增强扫描的患者,选择5.0 mm×2.5 mm的扫描参数,行层厚3.0 mm间隔1.5 mm的轴面重建.采用最大密度投影(MIP)和容积重建(VR)两种后处理成像方法,部分病例增加曲面重建(CPR).统计MIP和VR二种成像方法对腹腔动脉及其分支的显示率.结果:36例正常腹腔动脉;6例变异腹腔动脉及分支;23例病变腹腔动脉.MIP和VR法血管分支显示率分别为:肝总动脉、肝固有动脉、脾动脉100.0％(65/65),肝右动脉80.0％(52/65),肝左动脉76.9％(50/65),胃左动脉73.9％(48/65),胃十二指肠动脉96.9％(63/65).结论:MSCT血管成像(MSCTA)显示腹腔动脉及其分支在腹部病变的诊断、鉴别诊断和判断肿瘤的可切除性方面有较高的临床应用价值.MIP和VR法的显示能力相当但VR比MIP重建的血管图像更优.

摘要:目的:通过观察1％异硫蓝(isosulfan blue,IB)、1％专利蓝(patent blue,PB)及1％美蓝(methylene blue,MB)在大耳白家兔腋窝淋巴系统的运行特性,为乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检(sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB)染料选择提供实验依据.方法:30只雌性成年大耳白家兔随机分为3组,每组10只.观察前哨淋巴结(sentinellymph node,SLN)和第二站淋巴结染色时间、染色枚数及褪色时间.结果:染料注射后到达SLN的时间IB组平均为20.6 s;PB组平均为16.8 s;MB组平均为14.7 s,组间比较差异明显(P=0.040).腋窝淋巴结染色枚数3组无明显差异(P=0.235).肉眼观,淋巴结染色以MB组最深,IB组次之,而PB组最浅.第二站淋巴结染色时间IB组平均为45.8 s,PB组为40.6 s,两者比较无差异(P=0.257),MB组为23.5 s,与前两者比较差异明显(均为P=0.000).蓝染淋巴结的褪色时间以PB组最短,(6.4±0.9)min明显褪色,于(32.3±3.3)min完全褪色;IB组次之,(33.9±2.8)min可见明显褪色,于(64.2±2.4)min完全褪色;MB组最长,至6 h淋巴结仍呈深染,组间比较差异明显(均为P=0.000).结论:三种染料各具优缺点,效果相仿.

摘要:目的:了解内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)对胆囊切除术后综合征患者的诊治价值.方法:回顾分析90例胆囊切除术后出现腹痛、黄疸或发热症状的患者,接受ERCP检查和/或EPT治疗,比较分析与B超、CT、MRI等影像学检查与ERCP诊断的准确性及ERCP胆囊切除术后患者治疗的结果.结果:ERCP检查对此病诊断的准确性明显高于B超、CT、MRI等影像学检查,而且ERCP对胆总管残余结石或复发结石、胆总管下段炎性狭窄、胆管梗阻等治疗效果良好.结论:ERCP不仅可明显提高对胆囊切除术后综合征患者诊断的准确率,而且可作为治疗此病的一种重要手段.

摘要:目的:探讨肺炎型细支气管肺泡癌的CT表现及病理基础.方法:对6例经病理证实的肺炎型细支气管肺泡癌的CT表现进行回顾性分析.结果:叶段性实变阴影有2例局限于一个肺叶内,4例累及多个肺叶肺段.枯树枝征4例,蜂房征2例,磨玻璃影1例.与实变影并存的小结节影3例.结论:通过对肺炎型细支气管肺泡癌CT表现与病理表现的认识,提高临床工作中对它的识辨能力.

摘要:目的:应用床边急诊无X线监视下鼻胆(胰)管引流术(ENBD)治疗急危重胆胰疾病,并评价临床疗效,探讨操作技巧.方法:对124例次危重症胆胰患者,在诊断明确后于床边行无X线监视下的急诊ENBD术.结果:124例次病例12例未能成功,其余112例均成功的置入鼻胆(胰)引流管,成功的行鼻胆引流术,患者及时缓解症状,稳定病情,为后续治疗做好准备.结论:急诊床边无X线监视的ENBD术对危重症胆胰疾病患者的抢救是有效、安全、便利的诊疗措施.

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摘要:目的:探讨大型流式细胞仪在检测过程中检测结果准确性控制的方法及可行性.方法:用普通鸡血制成鸡红细胞悬液以及美国BD公司2μm荧光微球用于校准大型流式细胞仪的光路,以达到质量控制的目的.结果:经过控制与校准,免疫检测时变异系数(CV)＜12％,DNA倍体分析时CV＜3％.完全达到荧光微球调校效果.结论:该方法用于大型流式细胞仪效果与标准试剂相当且比较经济.

摘要:目的:探讨全自动生化分析仪试剂探针污染携带对检测结果的影响.方法:分组测定甘油三酯(TG)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)试剂对镁MTB法测定的相互影响.结果:TG、ALP组与对照组比较差异有极显著性(P＜0.01).结论:应重视试剂探针携带造成的交叉污染,保证检测结果准确可靠.

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摘要:实现"两个率先",构建和谐社会是江苏在今后较长时期的社会经济发展的战略目标.江苏卫生事业的发展和医学人才培养应当紧紧围绕这一战略目标,在科学预测的基础上调整发展思路和配置人才资源,努力使江苏医学教育和医疗卫生事业为地方社会经济发展提供保障和作出贡献.

摘要:文章论述了战后六十年来中国共产党对抗战胜利意义的历史考察,以共产党对抗战意义认识为主线,多角度多方面揭示抗战胜利的意义.中国共产党对抗战胜利意义的认识及其解读,不仅有着理论研究的学术意义,而且有着现实的政治意义.

摘要:面临医学发展中的困惑,作者提出法制医学观念.法制医学是随法律、法规变化而不断自我调整的一种新的医学形态.其主要目的是规范医疗行为,合法行医,和谐医患关系和防止医学科学技术的异化造成伦理和社会危机.作者解析法制医学模式出现的社会背景、法律背景和科学背景,并分析法制医学与人文医学的关系,最后提出该医学模式对医务人员、社会和患方的要求.

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摘要:全面小康社会基本内涵的发展中内在地包含了两性平等、和谐发展,针对社会性别平等意识在社会发展中易受忽略的状况,文章以必要性为切入点,提出性别平等指标嵌入全面小康社会指标体系的可行路径,并对指标体系作初步探索.以期通过建立男女平等量化指标,提高全社会对全面小康社会与性别平等问题的关注,共同努力推进国家发展决策中的性别平等主流化.

摘要:人们对服务的认识经历了从非生产性到服务产品再到服务商品的转变.在现代市场经济中确立服务商品概念并对其进行深入考察,有利于我们认清服务市场化的趋势.从总体上说,提高服务市场化的程度是促进服务业发展和作用发挥的必要条件,但对于何种服务能够市场化以及如何推进我国服务市场化的进程还要做进一步研究.

摘要:江苏省灌南县于2002年起,对6所经营状况差、资不抵债的乡镇卫生院试行租赁经营.通过一年多的试点,取得了一定的成绩,公有资产增加,职工收入有所提高,卫生服务能力得到提高,政府公共卫生职能得到一定的加强,医疗服务价格有所降低,基本实现了经营体制改革的目标.但也存在一些潜在问题,如何建立长效管理机制,防止租赁卫生院为了提高经济效益而削弱公共卫生等职能,还有待进一步探索.

摘要:从人类发现艾滋病到现阶段的二十余年时间,艾滋病已经给许多国家带来了严重危害,也给这些国家的儿童造成了极大伤害,包括受艾滋病病毒感染的儿童和艾滋孤儿.如何有效保护而不是歧视艾滋病病毒感染者,尤其是儿童这个特殊群体的健康问题已成为全球关注的热点和焦点问题.我国应根据具体国情,制定和完善有关法律和政策,加大宣传教育和干预措施,提高全民预防艾滋病的意识,消除对艾滋病感染者的歧视和偏见,给予他(她)们尤其是儿童艾滋病感染者和艾滋孤儿更多的关爱,使他们和正常儿童一样在社会理解和宽容的环境下健康成长.

摘要:目的:探讨医疗卫生技术人员工资收入的合理构成及各自应占的比例.方法:采取分层随机抽样的方法,对江苏省5 824名医疗卫生技术人员工资收入构成及各自所占比例进行认可程度的意向性调查,并通过多元逐步回归,分析领导和职工对年功工资、绩效工资在工资收入中应占比例不同选择的差异原因.结果:88.1％的领导和93.3％的职工同意卫生事业单位合适的薪酬应该是四部分(基本工资+岗位工资+年功工资+绩效工资)的组合.结论:医疗卫生技术人员工资收入必须包括基本工资、岗位工资、年功工资、绩效工资四部分,四部分相辅相成,缺一不可,不同的权重体现了不同的作用.

摘要:为了对乡镇防保人力资源进行分析评价,在淮安市的6个县(区)中随机抽取32个乡镇卫生院进行调查,结果表明:防保人员数量少,总体素质不高;经济收入水平偏低,工作积极性有待进一步提高.建议各级政府和卫生主管部门要充分认识基层防保工作的重要性,加强防保人员教育培训力度,提高其专业素质;切实加大对农村防保的投入,增加防保人员数量,提高乡镇防保人员的待遇,稳定乡镇防保队伍.

摘要:大型公立医院的高等医学教育功能直接影响到高等医学教育和卫生事业的发展.随着卫生体制改革的深入,医院的医学教育功能相对于医疗等功能处在被轻视的地位.为了贯彻科教兴国战略,加强高等医学教育和卫生事业的可持续性发展,文章探讨了除医学院校直属医院外的大型公立医院高等医学教育功能的必要性、法规依据、重要意义、影响因素,以及怎样正确发挥医院的高等医学教育功能,从而强化医院的医学教育意识,保证高等医学教育质量.

摘要:文章以马鞍山市人口老龄化为背景,在介绍了该市社区卫生服务发展现状的基础上,对社区卫生服务如何适应人口与社会经济发展进行了深入的讨论,认为人口老龄化是一个涉及面很广的重大社会问题.城市化进程的加快,慢性非传染性疾病的增加,对社区卫生服务的需求迫切.加强社区对老年人的医疗照顾尤显重要,完善社区卫生服务是城镇医疗卫生体制改革的重要内容,也是解决老年人群医疗保健和社会化养老的有效途径.

摘要:目的:了解江苏泰州市城区人群高血压患病率及其危险因素.方法:采用现况调查方法对泰州市城区35岁以上人群8 356人进行了慢性病流行病学调查.结果:35岁以上城区人群中高血压患病率达35.6％,标化患病率为31.0％,居各种慢性病之首,其中新检出高血压患者占63.7％,高血压患病率随着年龄增长而上升,肥胖、缺少体育锻炼、高脂饮食等是影响高血压的主要危险因素.接受医生正规治疗的高血压患者仅占既往已知患者的30.6％,且88.9％的已知高血压患者血压未得到控制,同时高血压是冠心病、脑卒中、糖尿病等慢性病的主要危险因素.结论:抓好高血压及其相关疾病的综合防治是今后该地区慢性病防治工作的重点.

摘要:自2003年9月开始,镇江市卫生监督所对30所学校食堂施行了食品卫生监督量化分级管理.为评价此项工作的效果,对学校自身卫生管理状况、基础卫生设施,社会满意度进行了量化管理前后的对比,结果显示这种管理方法对提高学校食堂的食品卫生工作安全性有积极意义.

摘要:随着知识经济的到来,面对加入WTO的挑战和经济全球化的冲击,中国的高等教育必须认真研究新形势,在科学发展观指导下,积极主动地开展国际合作与交流,树立适应经济全球化的教育观念,才能实现高等教育的可持续发展.通过加强交流与合作,实现人才培养和学科建设的国际化;积极推进和发展留学生教育,推进教育内容和教育方式的国际化;开展联合办学,推动教育资源利用的国际化;并借助现代科学技术,拓宽国际化的途径和渠道.借鉴世界高水平大学通行的办学机制和运行模式,引进优质教育资源,建立起现代大学管理制度,是今后一段时期加快高等教育发展,提高办学质量和水平的重要途径.

摘要:医学教育结构的调整与社会卫生需求的变化凸显了高等医学职业教育的重要性,给医学高职教育的发展带来了前所未有的空间.文章就目前我国医学高职教育现状,试图从概念界定及定位、办学模式、课程体系、师资队伍建设等方面对我国高等医学职业教育的发展做一探讨.

摘要:文章从生源的总量、性别构成、年龄、考生来源、毕业学校、学科分布等方面分析了南京医科大学1978～2004年硕、博士研究生生源情况.结果表明,27年来生源稳定增长,早期以培养基础医学研究生为主,近10年以培养临床医学研究生为主;硕士生中女性生源增长较快,生源逐渐年轻化,应届生报考人数迅速增加,本校生源有增高趋势;博士生的性别构成、生源年龄均比较稳定,考生来源单一.据此提出加强校际交流,扩大外校生源,加强临床医学专业学位及预防医学研究生的培养,加强学生的就业教育,并建议改革研究生入学考试方式,鼓励跨专业学生攻读医学科学学位.

摘要:合理的课程设置是实现教学目的的基本要求,从目前口腔医学专业人才的培养看,有五年制、七年制、八年制分别可以授予学士、硕士和博士学位.根据我国的国情和需要,五年制本科生的培养应为基础,因而其在大学学习期间的课程设置、培养方式一直是口腔医学教育工作者研究、讨论的重点.文章通过对我国部分高等医学院校口腔医学本科专业课程设置现状的调查,就有关问题进行初步分析,并提出对策.

摘要:选修课是课程体系结构的重要组成部分,它可以从另一个侧面促进高等教育教学的改革与发展,提高医学人才的培养质量.为此,只有科学地、合理地设置与管理选修课,才能使选修课发挥其应有的作用.

摘要:目的:建立培养学生口腔临床技能和实际工作能力的教学模式.方法:组成以训练临床综合技能为主的临床口腔医学课程群;开展一、二年级以接触社会、接触患者为主的社会实践;三、四年级以仿真头模操作为主的综合实验训练和口腔专业课学习兴趣小组;五年级以毕业实习为主的综合临床技能培养的教学模式.结果:提高了学生口腔临床技能和实际工作能力,患者对实习医生的满意率明显提高,学生的研究生录取率明显提高,毕业生当年就业率达100％,用人单位满意.结论:建立新型的教学模式是培养学生口腔临床技能和实际工作能力的可行方法.

摘要:医学模式的转变,整体护理的推广,市场经济的运作,以及患者法律意识的增强,使护患关系呈现出新的特点.临床带教老师和护理实习生须充分认识和重视这一变化,并采取相应措施,强化角色意识,培养自控能力,提高综合素质,建立和谐的新型的护患关系,确保实习教学目标的实现,培养高质量、高素质的护理人才.

摘要:研究生英语教学中普遍存在着英语学习者个体差异大的矛盾.多媒体计算机辅助语言学习(MCALL)以其在自主学习和个性化学习方面的优势,为学习者提供巨大的便利和发展空间.它很好地缩小了学习者个体差异,尤其对医学英语和商务英语等特殊用途英语的学习,所起作用十分明显.文章介绍了多媒体计算机辅助语言教学理论的发展,阐述了建立多媒体英语自主学习中心的必要性,提出了设置自主学习中心的具体实施方案.

摘要:英语语言学家威尔金斯对词汇的定义和最新颁布的<大学英语课程教学要求>(试行)对大学英语词汇教学的要求,都阐释了词汇在大学英语教学中的重要性.文章介绍了现阶段大学英语教学的情况,并通过调查分析,发现以大学英语四、六级考试为目的的大学英语词汇教学的弊病,提出科学的词汇教学方法,并对词汇教学与大学英语教学之间的关系进行了阐释.

摘要:Objective: To reveal the special feature of calponin (CaP) on myosins of different states. Methods: Myosin phosphorylation determination, myosin Mg2 +-ATPase measurement and protein binding assay were used in this study. The lowest CaP/myosin ratio used in the assay was 1/10000(mol/mol), which was 10 thousands-fold lower than the CaP/myosin ratio used in previous studies. Results: In the absence of actin, micro-amount of calponin (MAC) stimulated the Mg2+-ATPase activities of myosin in different states slightly but significantly; and more importantly, MAC significantly increased the precipitations of unphosphorylated myosin, Ca2 + -de-pendently and independently phosphorylated myosins by MLCK but not the myosin phosphorylated by PKA. Conclusion: MAC has a high efficient and selective effect on myosin in the absence of actin.

摘要:Objective: To assess the feasibility and significance of detecting EWS-FLIlfusion transcripts in paraffin embedded tissues of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Methods: Twelve formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of PNET were retrieved from archive and consultation materials,together with eight cases of controlled tumor. EWS-FLI1 fusion transcripts were detected by nested RT-PCR. Home-keeping gene β-actin was used to detect the quality of mRNA. Results: β-actin mRNA was detected in 9 of the 12 tumor cases. EWS-FLI1 fusion transcripts were detected in 6 cases, among which 4 had a "type 1" fusion transcript and 2 had a "type 2" fusion transcript. None of the controlled tumor was detected the fusion gene. Conclusion: RT-PCR is a feasible method for the detection of EWS-FLI1 fusion transcripts in FFPE tissues in PNET and the result is meaningful in differential diagnosis and prognostic evaluation.

摘要:Objective: Melanoma antigen genes(MAGE) genes have been found in many kinds of tumor tissue, but not in normal tissue except testis and placentas. The Ags encoded by MAGE genes therefore are strictly tumor-specific. The most current researches associated with these genes focus on the tumor vaccination using these Ags. Few reports are concerning these genes' functions. In this study, we investigated the role of MAGE-A1 gene on NIH3T3 cells after transferring with it. Methods: Clone the MAGE-A1 into the plasmids pEGFP-C3 and pcDNA3.1, then transfer the reconstructed plasmids and primary plasmids into the NIH3T3 cells using a new transfer reagent FuGENE 6. Selecting the positively transferred cells by G418. Identified by RT-PCR, Western blot, Immunocytochemistry,Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope and Fluoroscope. The cells mobile ability was measured with Millicell-PCF. The cell cycle and apoptosis were measured with Flow Cytometry. Results: The apoptosis rate of NIH3T3 cells that transferred with control plasmid pcDNA3.1was 13.4％ and the raitos that stay in S phase and G2-M phase were 5.68％ and 1.04％ respectively. The apoptosis rate of NIH3T3 cells that transferred with pcDNA3.1-A1 was 0.90％ and the ratios that stayed in S phase and G2-M phase were 19.31％ and 13.47％ respectively. The apoptosis rate of the cells that transferred with control plasmid pEGFP-C3 was 1.87 ％, a little higher than 1.47 ％ of those transferred with pEGFP-C3-A1. Conclusion: The MAGE-A1 gene may enhance the cell cycle, inhibit the apoptosis and raise the mobile ability of NIH3T3 cells.

摘要:Objective: To investigate the effect of platelet membrane glycoprotein(GP) Ⅰ a gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of unstable angina pectoris (UAP) in Chinese people. Methods: Collagen type Ⅰ -induced platelet aggregation was measured in 33healthy subjects in vitro. Plasma level of α-granule membrane protein (GMP-140) was measured in both the above 33 healthy subjects during fasting and 35 patients with recent onset effort anina during rest onset within 24 h after hospitalization. Furthermore, the platelet membrane GP Ⅰ a gene 807C/T polymorphism was checked in all subjects with polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers(PCR-SSP)technique. Results: The lag time before 30％ platelet aggregation was significantly longer in healthy subjects with CC genotype than with TC genotype ( P ＜0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the maximal platelet aggregation between healthy subjects with the above two genotypes. Plasma level of GMP-140 was significantly higher in TC genotypic patients with recent onset effort angina than in CC genotypic patients with the same type of UAP( P ＜ 0.05) and healthy subjects ( P ＜ 0.01), furthermore, there was also significant difference between the latter two groups( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion: The rapid initiation of collagen-induced platelet aggregation may be associated with platelet membrane GP Ⅰ a T807 allele, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of UAP.

摘要:Objective: A BALB/c mice model of cytomegalovirus-induced myocarditis was established. Methods: Twentyfive inbred female BALB/c mice free of murine cytomegalovirus(MCMV) infection (5 weeks old, 16-18 g), were infected with 1 x 104PFU MCMV by the intraperitoneal (i. p. ) administration. All experimental mice were sacrificed on day 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 after i. p. administration. The hearts were removed under aseptic conditions, and were transected along the midline. Aliquots of hearts were handled with Bouin' s fixative for histological examination. Residual hearts were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at - 80℃ until MCMV titre was determined by a plaque assay. Seurm cTnI level was assayed by ELISA. Results: MCMV in the heart was at extremely low level on day 3 after i. p. administration, reached to the peak on day 7-10, and then ran down. A mixed cellular infiltrate composed of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and mononuclear lymphocytes was observed on day 3, reaching to the peak on day 7-10 after MCMV infection, and was maintained for at least 3-4 months later. Seurm cTnI levels were elevated on day 3 after i.p. administration, reaching to the peak it day7-10. Conclusion: The BALB/c mice model for cytomegalovirus-induced myocarditis was successfully established, that might make it possible to screen antiviral drugs for treating viral myocarditis and to investigate and evaluate the pathogenesis and prognosis of this disease.

摘要:Objective: To explore the expressions of IL-10 on leukemic cells in acute leukemia patients and its significance.Methods: The expressions of IL-10 on leukemic cells in thirty patients was measured by indirect immunofluorescence technique. Results:Observed yellow-green bright fluorescence on leukemic cells membrane, the positive rate of cells was 10-80％, there were 18 patients expressing IL-10 (18/30, 60％) positively, among them 11 with ANLL (11/19, 58％) and 7 with ALL (7/11, 64％) respectively while that of peripheral mononucleate cells in control group was 13 ％. Compared with that in the control group, there was a significant increase of positive rate in ANLL and ALL but with no significant difference between ANLL and ALL. Conclusion: IL-10 secreted by leukemic cells, contributed to the immunosuppressive state at the tumor site. This is probably one of the important mechanisms of acute leukemic escape.

摘要:Objective: To invesfgate the effects of various concentrations As2O3 on malignant melanoma. Methods: The viability of Cloundman melanoma S91 cells treated with As2O3 was measured by MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] assay. The apoptosis was determined by transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) detection, and the morphology of apoptotic cells was observed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cells growth phase were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Results: A time-and dose-dependent decrease in cell viability was induced in S91 cells after treatment with As2Os at the concentration of 1-5 μmol/L respectively. The TUNEL indices were 0.033 ± 0.018, 0.062 ± 0.012, 0.102 ± 0.016, 0.132 ± 0.031,and 0.162 ± 0.027 respectively, which were much higher compared with the control group (0.017 ± 0.004, P ＜ 0.01). The flow cytometry showed that hypodiploid peak after treatment with 3 μmol/L and 5 μmol/L of As2O3 for 48 h were 9.99％ and 17.59％ respectively,which increased significantly compared with the control cells (3.05％ P ＜ 0.01, ). The apoptotic morphology observed by transmission electron microscope showed the chromatin became condensed and attached to the inner surface of nuclear membrane. Conclusion: Arsenic trioxide can induce melanoma Cloundman S91 cell apoptosis at the concentration of 1-5 μmol/L, which will provide enhanced benefit in melanoma therapy.

摘要:Objective: To further illuminate a possibme mechanism of Fas/FasL in the treatment of psoriasis, the expression of it and apoptosis of KC were investigated. Methods: With cell culture,immunocytochemistry, the expression of Fas/FasL protein after the treatment with etretin was observed in cultured human normal keratinocytes. Then, the state of apoptosis in cultured keratinocyte after stimuwasn't involved in apoptosis in cultured normol human keratinocytes. But during limited period, the apoptosis of KC could be induced by etretin, thus it can antagonize benign proliferate of keratinocytes. Our data showed up-regulation of the expression of Fas/FasL and apoptosis in cultured human keratinocytes stimulated by etretin, and its function may be involved in the therapeutic machanism of psoriasis.

摘要:Objective: To perform a contrast investigation of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) perfusion imaging and pathological findings in VX2 soft-tissue tumor of rabbits, and discuss the applicative value of multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging in soft-tissue tumors. Methods: 8 Newzealand white rabbits were implanted with 0.1 ml VX2 tumor tissue suspension in bilateral proximal thighs. 14 days and 21 days later, CT plain scan and perfusion scan were performed on these rabbits respectively, then the images were transmitted to AW4.0 workstation, the functional maps and perfusion parameters including blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time(MTT) and permeability surface (PS) were computed and analyzed. Subsequently, the rabbits were sacrificed, the tumors of which were taken out for pathological examination. The correlation between MSCT functional parametric images and pathological findings was analyzed.Results: All the values of BF, BV and PS of VX2 soft-tissue tumors were obviously higher while the MTT-values were lower than those of the normal muscular tissues significantly ( P ＜ 0.001). Conclusion: Multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging is an accurate, convenient and relatively safe functional imaging technique, which can give a quantitative assessment to blood perfusion and angiogenesis of soft-tissue tumors.

摘要:Objective: To investigate findings and value of quantitative MR in depression model of rats. Methods: Twenty male SD rats were divided into model group and control group randomly (10 rats in each group). The depression model of rats was erected by separation and chronic unpredictable stress. The behavior of rat was detected by open-field test and sucrose consumption. The MR images of brain tissues were produced in vivo rats with T2-and diffusion-weighted imaging. The changes of body weight and behavior score and thevalues of T2 and ADC of ROIs were compared between the two groups. Histological verification of hippocampal neuron damage was alsoperformed under ultramicrosopy. Results: Compared with the control group, T2 values in hippocampus prolonged 5.5 ％ ( P ＜ 0.05),ADC values in hippocampus and in temporal lobe cortex decreased 11.7 ％ and 10.9％ (P ＜ 0.01)respectively in the model group. Histo-logic data confirmed severe neuronal damage in the hippocampus of the model group. Conclusion: This study capitalized on diffusion-weighted imaging as a sensitive technique for the identification of neuronal damage in depression and it provides an experimental evidence ofMRI in depression investigation and clinical application.

摘要:Objective: To obtain sense/antisense eukaryotic expression vectors for human cathepsin L gene, and study the biological effects on human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 after transfection. Methods: Cathepsin L gene sense/antisense eukaryotic expression vectors were constructed with recombinant technology and transfected into the human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63. The expression of cathepsin L gene mRNA was examined with RT-PCR and the expression of cathepsin L was examined with Western blot. Results: The sense/antisense recombinant eukaryotic expression vectors for cathepsin L were successfully constructed and transfected into MG-63 cell.Conclusion: Antisense cathepsin L gene can significantly inhibit the expression of cathepsin L mRNA and protein.

摘要:Objective: To explore the effect of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)on the occurrence of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head(SANFH). Methods: Twenty-four rabbits were firstly divided into void group ( n = 12) and model group ( n =two groups were killed respectively to observe whether the model was successful. The level of TNF-α in serum of the residual rabbits of the two groups was examined in Radioimmunoassay method. Results: The level of TNF-α in model group is significantly higher than that in void group( P ＜0.001) under the premise of the model of SANFH success by histological observation. Conclusion: The rise of level of TNF-α may be one of the most important factors in the occurrence of SANFH.