摘要:目的:观察nephrin在大鼠氨基核苷嘌呤霉素肾病模型(PAN)中的表达变化,探讨其在蛋白尿发生中的作用.方法:通过建立大鼠氨基核苷嘌呤霉素肾病模型,应用光镜、电镜观察肾脏病理改变,应用免疫组织化学技术和RT-PCR观察nephrin在不同时间点肾病模型大鼠蛋白水平和mRNA水平表达改变情况.结果:①PAN注射后第1天和第3天,大鼠24 h尿蛋白的排泄量较对照组无显著差异;第10天达高峰,较对照组有显著差异(P＜0.01);第20天,尿蛋白排泄量逐渐下降,较对照组仍有显著差异(P＜0.05);②在PAN肾病模型第3和第10天,透射电镜显示足细胞足突融合;③nephrin蛋白和mRNA水平的表达在大鼠PAN肾病模型第1天即出现下降,第3天出现明显下降,第10天下降到最低点,第20天,随着蛋白尿的恢复nephrin的表达也逐渐恢复;④肾小球足细胞nephrin表达的变化与肾病模型大鼠24 h尿蛋白定量的变化呈负相关.结论:①nephrin表达的改变与大鼠氨基核苷嘌呤霉素肾病模型蛋白尿的发生密切相关;②nephrin是判断肾小球足细胞损伤的一个早期重要指标.

摘要:目的:以地塞米松(DEX)为对照,观察新型免疫抑制剂霉酚酸(MPA)对系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血淋巴细胞凋亡的作用.方法:分离12例SLE患者及8例健康对照的外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs),分别加或不加MPA/DEX培养48 h,用ELISA法测培养上清中sFas与sFasL的水平,用AV-FITC/PI双标记流式细胞术测PBMCs的凋亡率.结果:SLE患者PBMCs培养上清中的sFasL水平较正常对照显著增高,而MPA及DEX均可使其分泌的sFas及sFasL水平显著下降,且MPA使sFasL降低的程度较sFas更显著,而DEX却正相反.SLE患者培养的PBMCs凋亡率较正常对照显著增高,MPA及DEX均可使凋亡率进一步增加,而DEX较MPA对凋亡的诱导作用更加显著.结论:MPA及DEX对SLE患者PBMCs具有促进凋亡的作用,但这一作用可能并非通过Fas-FasL途径;而且,在诱导凋亡方面,MPA与DEX的作用既有相同,又存在差异.

摘要:目的:将CTLA4Ig腺相关病毒载体经门静脉导入移植肝中,研究该基因在移植肝中的表达以及对同种异体大鼠肝移植排斥反应的抑制作用.方法:二袖套法建立大鼠肝移植模型,供体为SD大鼠,受体为Wistar大鼠,受体随机分成3组,每组12对,对照组:将1011v.g.pSNAV-LacZ病毒液灌注移植肝门静脉并冷保存1 h;CsA组:移植后第1～7天腹腔内注射CsA 8 mg(kg·d);基因转染组:供肝加用1011v.g.pSNAV-CTLA4Ig病毒液灌注移植肝门静脉并冷保存1 h,术后1周剖腹取肝、脾和血标本.RT-PCR检测移植肝中CTLA4Ig的表达,双抗体夹心法测定血中CTLA4Ig浓度,TUNEL法检测肝细胞、脾淋巴细胞凋亡情况,并观察大鼠生存时间.结果:基因转染组大鼠生存时间平均为61天,与对照组10天比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05).基因转染组大鼠的肝脏中能扩增出特异性约500bp条带,而对照组未能扩增出相应条带,基因转染组血中CTLA4Ig浓度为(41.87±11.02)μg/ml,明显高于对照组(0.49±0.16)μg/ml,基因转染组大鼠肝移植术后1周肝细胞凋亡计数(5.88±1.88)％与对照组(28.25±6.50)％相比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05).基因转染组大鼠肝移植术后1周脾淋巴细胞凋亡计数(57.62±10.83)％与对照组(16.37±3.11)％相比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:经门静脉供肝灌注pSNAV-CTLA4Ig能在大鼠移植肝内良好表达,延长生存时间.

摘要:目的:研究外周血K-ras基因突变和CA-199、CA-50联合检测在胰腺癌诊断中的作用.方法:选择同一时期住院的14例胰腺癌患者和16例非胰腺癌患者,同时应用反转录PCR检测外周血K-ras基因突变和CA-199、CA-50检测,统计分析检测结果.结果:外周血K-ras基因突变检测对胰腺癌诊断的敏感度和特异度分别为42.9％和93.8％,胰腺癌患者CA-199、CA-50二者检测结果差异无显著性.K-ras基因突变和CA-199联合检测系列试验诊断胰腺癌的敏感度和特异度分别为35.7％和93.8％,平行试验的敏感度和特异度分别为78.6％和62.5％.部分胰腺癌患者外周血K-ras基因的检测结果和CA-199、CA-50值与胰腺癌病期呈一定的相关性.结论:RT-PCR检测外周血K-ras基因突变和CA-199联合检测可以弥补单一检测的不足,部分结果与临床病期有一定相关,有助于胰腺癌的辅助诊断,但敏感度偏低,应用临床还需进一步研究.

摘要:目的:检测脆性组氨酸三联体基因在胃癌组织中等位基因缺失和突变情况,分析该异常在胃癌发生中的作用.方法:用PCR-SSCP的方法检测36例胃癌和自身正常组织中FHIT基因外显子5、8及多态性位点D3S1300、D3S1234、D3S1312、D3S1313的缺失和突变.结果:肿瘤组织中外显子5有2例(2/36,5.6％)发生缺失,外显子8没有发现缺失;D3S1300的LOH发生率为25％(7/28),MSI为22.2％(8/36);D3S1234的LOH发生率为31％(9/29),MSI为13.9％(5/36);外显子5、8及多态性位点D3S1300、D3S1234、D3S1312、D3S1313的SSCP分析未发现突变.结论:胃癌患者FHIT基因外显子5、8的缺失和突变频率并不高,这种缺失和突变对胃癌的发生到底起多大作用需要进一步探讨;胃癌患者D3S1300、D3S1234位点的LOH、MSI等遗传不稳定现象发生频率较高,能否用于胃癌高危人群筛查和早期诊断值得进一步研究.

摘要:目的:探讨脊髓性肌萎缩症(SMA)产前基因诊断的方法.方法:采集2例有SMA阳性家族史的胎儿脐带血,应用错配聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)技术对SMNt基因第7号外显子进行缺失检测.选择正常人及SMA患者作对照,另外检测了10例无遗传病家族史的胎儿脐带血.结果:2例胎儿,1例检测到SMNt基因纯合缺失,诊断阳性而终止妊娠,另1例未检测到SMNt基因纯合缺失视为正常儿予继续妊娠,结果顺利产出1名正常儿.10例胎儿均未检测到SMNt基因纯合缺失.结论:通过脐带血检测SMNt基因缺失可快速、可靠的对SMA进行产前诊断.

摘要:目的:了解多发性骨髓瘤(MM)病人骨髓间充质干细胞(BM-MSCs)的改变,进一步探讨可能存在的与MM发生、发展相关的MSCs异常.方法:采用半定量RT-PCR方法在mRNA水平上检测MM患者BM-MSCsIL-1β,IL-6,SCF,TPO,G-CSF的表达.结果:MM组BM-MSCs IL-1β mRNA,IL-6 mRNA,SCFmRNA,TPOmRNA与β-actin的比值分别为:0.6129±0.1702,0.9133±0.1320,0.7853±0.0943,0.6830±0.2243;非MM组BM-MSCs IL-1β mRNA,IL-6 mRNA,SCFmRNA,TPOmRNA与β-actin的比值分别为:0.1821±0.0593,0.2371±0.0491,0.3222±0.0436,0.5400±0.2511.MM组IL-1β,IL-6,SCF表达与正常对照组和非MM组相比均具有显著性差异(P＜0.01),MM组TPO的表达与正常对照组相比差异有显著性(P＜0.05),与非MM组相比差异无显著性(P＞0.05).不同组别均未见G-CSF的表达.结论:体外培养的多发性骨髓瘤BM-MSCsIL-1β,IL-6,SCF,TPO的表达存在明显异常.

摘要:目的:探讨肾上腺髓质素受体(ADMR)在糖尿病(DM)肾脏病变时的变化及缬沙坦对ADMR mRNA表达的影响.方法:将SD大鼠随机分为3组:正常对照组、糖尿病对照组和缬沙坦干预组.采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)制备DM动物模型,缬沙坦10 mg/(kg·d)灌胃.通过RT-PCR方法检测肾皮质中ADMR mRNA的表达.结果:①缬沙坦干预组大鼠体重较DM组明显增加(P＜0.01),24 h尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)显著降低(P＜0.01),两组间糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)及血糖(Glu)无显著性差异(P＞0.05);②缬沙坦干预组大鼠肾皮质中ADMR的mRNA表达显著高于DM组.结论:缬沙坦可上调糖尿病大鼠肾皮质中ADMR mRNA的表达,ADMR可能参与了缬沙坦对肾脏的保护作用.

摘要:目的:探讨单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)在糖尿病大鼠肾组织中的表达及其意义.方法:用链脲佐菌素制备糖尿病大鼠模型.采用免疫组化及多媒体彩色病理图文分析系统观察肾小球及肾小管中MCP-1的表达.结果:糖尿病大鼠肾小球及肾小管中MCP-1的表达显著上调.结论:MCP-1在糖尿病肾病发病机制中发挥重要作用.

摘要:目的:探讨血清同型半胱氨酸水平、亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因的分布情况与2型糖尿病肾病(DN)的关系.方法:利用聚合酶链反应和限制性片断长度多态性(PCR-RELP)方法检测了47名健康对照组和40名2型糖尿病肾病患者MTHFR基因的677碱基多态性突变C→T情况,同时测定其血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平和叶酸水平,并加以对照分析.结果:2型糖尿病肾病患者MTHFR基因突变型C677T基因的频率明显高于对照组,差异极显著(P＜0.05),且Hcy水平明显高.在叶酸浓度≤6.92 nmol/L时,DN组TT型发生频率及T等位基因频率明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);但当叶酸浓度＞6.92 nmol/L时,DN组TT型发生频率及T等位基因频率与对照组无差异(P＞0.05).结论:MTHFR基因C677T位碱基突变导致血浆同型半胱氨酸水平升高是糖尿病肾病发病的重要危险因素.

摘要:目的:观察哮喘大鼠支气管细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)和核因子-κB(NF-κB)的表达、炎性细胞浸润的变化,探讨雷公藤多甙干预后的影响.方法:18只Wistar大鼠分为哮喘组(A组),雷公藤多甙治疗组(T组)和正常对照组(C组),采用免疫组化方法分别观察ICAM-1、NF-κB在3组大鼠支气管上皮的表达.结果:①哮喘组支气管上皮ICAM-1、NF-κB的表达显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);②治疗组支气管上皮ICAM-1、NF-κB的蛋白表达与哮喘组相比显著降低(P＜0.05);③哮喘大鼠支气管NF-κB与ICAM-1蛋白表达比较呈显著正相关(r=0.832,P＜0.01).结论:哮喘大鼠模型支气管NF-κB对于ICAM-1蛋白表达具有重要的调控作用.雷公藤多甙对于哮喘的治疗机制之一可能通过下调受NF-κB调控的ICAM-1表达.减少肺组织中炎性细胞的浸润而实现.

摘要:目的:探讨哮喘大鼠肺组织中核因子-κB(NF-κB)与基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)及金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)的关系以及地塞米松对NF-κB、MMP-9和TIMP-1的作用.方法:建立大鼠哮喘模型,采用免疫组化法观察肺中NF-κB活化及MMP-9、TIMP-1的蛋白表达,用逆转录-聚合酶联反应技术(RT-PCR)测定肺中MMP-9、TIMP-1 mRNA的表达.结果:哮喘组NF-κB的活化及MMP-9、TIMP-1蛋白在气道黏膜上皮的表达明显高于对照组(P＜0.01)和地塞米松组(P＜0.05),哮喘组MMP-9、TIMP-1在肺组织的mRNA表达也高于对照组(P＜0.01)和地塞米松组(P＜0.01).MMP-9的表达与NF-κB的活化呈显著正相关(rs=0.8071,P＜0.01).TIMP-1的表达与NF-κB的活化无明显相关(rs=0.4716,P＞0.05).结论:地塞米松可能抑制气道壁NF-κB活化和减少MMP-9的表达、调节MMP-9/TIMP-1之间的失衡,对MMP-9的抑制作用可能部分通过抑制NF-κB活化而实现的.

摘要:目的:探讨游离组织因子途径抑制物(f-TFPI)在不同类型急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)发病中的作用.方法:采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测39例ACS患者及18例正常人血浆中f-TFPI水平.结果:ACS组f-TFPI水平明显高于正常对照组;且急性心肌梗死患者f-TFPI水平增高最明显,高于不稳定心绞痛患者,差异均有统计学意义.结论:f-TFPI是ACS内皮细胞损伤后凝血的标志之一,在ACS发病中发挥重要作用,血浆f-TFPI水平的监测对识别ACS高危人群具有重要意义.

摘要:目的:探讨姜黄素(curcumin)对体外培养人卵巢癌细胞株HO-8910细胞增殖、细胞周期调控及细胞凋亡的影响.方法:选用人卵巢癌细胞株HO-8910进行体外培养,以1.25-20μg/ml姜黄素分别处理HO-8910细胞6-24 h,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态,MTT法检测细胞增殖,流式细胞仪检测凋亡和细胞周期,SABC免疫组化检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白Fas、Fas-L、Bcl-2及Bax的表达.结果:姜黄素对HO-8910生长有抑制作用,并呈剂量时间依赖性.流式细胞仪分析证实姜黄素能使HO-8910细胞积聚在S和G2/M期,并出现亚二倍体凋亡峰.Fas、Fas-L、Bcl-2表达均上调,Bax加药前后均为阳性.结论:姜黄素对人卵巢癌细胞株HO-8910的增殖具有显著的抑制作用;Fas、Fas-L、Bcl-2的表达上调可能参与了诱导细胞凋亡.

摘要:目的:探讨丹地琼玉颗粒对干燥综合征(sjogren syndrome,SS)模型鼠的治疗作用.方法:用丹地琼玉颗粒低、中、高3种剂量对SS模型小鼠进行干预,并以生理盐水(NS)作为对照,观察丹地琼玉颗粒对SS模型鼠的唾液流量、CD4+T细胞、CD4+/CD8+及自身抗体的影响.结果:丹地琼玉颗粒能增加小鼠唾液流量,抑制Th细胞在唾液腺表达,促使自身抗体转阴.结论:丹地琼玉颗粒具有治疗SS小鼠的作用,其机制可能为抑制淋巴细胞对唾液腺的浸润.

摘要:目的:探讨人外周血淋巴细胞遭受H2O2损伤时,8-羟基-2′-脱氧鸟苷三磷酸酶(8-oxo-dGTPase)的表达及端粒长度的变化,评估氧化应激对端粒长度的影响.方法:体外培养人外周血淋巴细胞,分为正常对照组、氧化组和抗氧化组,采用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)及凝胶成像技术,测定8-oxo-dGTPase的mRNA表达水平,并应用Southein杂交技术检测端粒长度的变化.结果:①随着H2O2作用时间的延长,8-oxo-dGTPase mRNA的相对含量也增加,尤以氧化组增加最显著(P＜0.05),而抗氧化组与对照组相比较则差异无显著性(P＞0.05);②端粒长度则随着时间的变化表现为缩短,且3组之间均有差异(P＜0.05).结论:①8-oxo-dGTPase的表达随着氧化应激的程度加深而显著增加;②维生素C具有一定的抗氧化作用,它能明显减低过氧化损伤,抑制8-oxo-dGTPase的生成,同时能减缓端粒缩短的速率;③氧化应激在一定程度上可以引起人淋巴细胞端粒长度的缩短.

摘要:目的:将直线巩膜隧道切口应用于可拆除缝线小梁切除术联合丝裂霉素C(mytomycin C,MMC)治疗闭角型青光眼,探讨其疗效和并发症.方法:将同期连续原发性闭角型青光眼患者分为:A组:直线巩膜隧道切口可拆除缝线小梁切除术+MMC,98例,128眼;B组:可拆除缝线小梁切除术+MMC,71例,95眼;C组:小梁切除术+MMC,48例,60眼.比较3组疗效和并发症.结果:3组术后1年手术成功率差异无显著性.浅前房和低眼压:A、B组差异无显著性,但都低于C组;高眼压和脉络膜脱离3组间差异无显著性.术后角膜散光量:A组术后2周增高不明显(P＞0.1),术后1年时接近术前水平;B、C组术后2周明显增高,术后1年时仍明显高于术前(P＜0.005).术后角膜极向散光值:3组术后早期明显增高,出院后逐渐下降.结论:直线巩膜隧道切口可拆除缝线小梁切除术+MMC与另两种术式相比,疗效相当,但术性角膜散光较小,3种术式都可以引起顺规性散光,随着时间延长,向逆规性散光漂移.可拆除缝线技术的应用有利于减少术后早期并发症.

摘要:目的:研究Turner综合征(TS)患儿的子宫、卵巢的发育及其功能状况.方法:对22例年龄为4.8～16.8岁的TS患儿(染色体核型为45,XO者11例,其他核型11例),超声测量并记录子宫、卵巢的各径,并检测患儿血清促性腺激素(FSH、LH)和雌二醇(E2).结果:22例患儿中超声检查无子宫者4例,无卵巢者18例,患儿的子宫和卵巢各径及体积明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.05),患儿组血清FSH、LH水平高于对照组(P＜0.05),E2水平低于对照组(P＜0.05).患儿的染色体核型及卵巢的有无对患儿的子宫和/或卵巢的发育及血清FSH、LH和E2的水平有一定的影响.结论:多数TS患儿存在着卵巢、子宫发育不全甚至退化萎缩,并伴有血清性激素水平的异常.盆腔超声和血清性激素检测能较好地反映出TS患儿的子宫、卵巢形态及功能状态.

摘要:目的:体外培养大鼠嗅黏膜嗅鞘细胞(olfactory ensheathing cells,OECs),观察其形态、分裂增殖和免疫细胞化学特性,探索自体嗅黏膜嗅鞘细胞作为OECs来源的可能性.方法:采用差时贴壁的方法分离培养成年大鼠嗅黏膜嗅鞘细胞,相差显微镜下观察细胞形态和分裂增殖;用免疫组化方法观察GFAP、NGFRp75、S-100、NGF、BDNF、NT-3的表达.结果:培养的细胞根据形态来分,可分为双极、多极和偏平状;细胞分裂时先回缩成球形,分裂成两个子球,再伸出突起,变成梭形或多极形.GFAP、NGFRp75、S-100、BDNF和NT-3表达阳性.结论:在含血清培养基上,大鼠嗅黏膜嗅鞘细胞能正常分裂增殖和分泌神经营养因子.

摘要:目的:探讨消化道异物手术的时机及手术方法.方法:对29例消化道异物患者的临床表现、手术治疗经过进行分析.结果:29例消化道异物分别停留在贲门口、胃、十二指肠、小肠、结肠内以及穿透消化道进入腹腔等部位,引起腹痛、恶心呕吐、肠梗阻、便血、腹膜炎症状者及向腹壁穿透形成腰部脓肿者等症状,术后均痊愈,无并发症发生.结论:消化道异物应根据其所产生的临床表现、停留位置、形状大小等情况选择不同的方式进行手术治疗.

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摘要:随着江苏实现"两个率先",构建和谐社会进程的加快,直接关系人们健康的卫生事业发展和医学人才培养日显重要.江苏医学人才培养与卫生事业能否协调发展关系到江苏能否顺利实现今后较长时期的社会经济发展的战略目标,特别是江苏卫生事业发展的目标.因此,我们在科学预测的基础上,从落实以人为本的科学发展观着眼,提出江苏医学人才培养与卫生事业协调发展的若干对策.

摘要:医疗保障作为社会保障的一个重要组成部分,不仅关系到人民身体健康水平的提高,而且影响到社会稳定、经济发展.文章针对目前我国医疗保障制度模式存在的诸多问题,通过对我国不同医疗保障制度模式及其价值取向的分析,论证了公平优先、兼顾效率应是目前我国医疗保障的基本原则.

摘要:在综合分析国内食品安全形势和食品卫生事业管理制度的基础上,探讨食品安全的社会性内涵和新时期食品安全与卫生教育的社会需求,提出现代科技支撑下面向社会的创新教学模式和富有社会性的立体控制建设体系.良好的社会宣教可有效促进食品安全事业的可持续发展,而立体控制制度是新形势下保证食品安全的重要实践环节,体现了科学发展的社会性.

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摘要:党的十六大报告提出"要建立与社会主义法律体系相协调的社会主义思想道德体系",不仅明确了"依法治国"和"以德治国"并重的地位,更重要的是强调了法律与道德的协调发展.文章从为什么提出"德""法"协调、"德""法"协调何以可能、如何进行"德""法"协调三个方面作一初步理论探讨.

摘要:中国传统文化中蕴涵着丰富的和谐思想.在如何处理人与自然之间的和谐、人与人之间的和谐、人与社会之间的和谐、民族与民族之间和国家之间的和谐以及个人身心的和谐方面形成了很好的思想.对传统文化中的和谐思想进行梳理、审视,充分吸收和借鉴"和"文化的宝贵资源,对于构建社会主义和谐社会,具有重要的现实意义和理论价值.

摘要:在中国传统文化里,诚与信可以互训,但从伦理学的角度,两者在内涵上还是有着细微的差异."诚"有两个层次的含义,首先从根本意义上说,它是一个本体论的概念,是道德的最高境界;第二个层次的含义是在本体论的指向下修身养性的道德意识."信"相对于"诚",更多的是在"诚心"的价值导向下为人处世的具体道德要求.受中国特殊的血缘文化、家族文化的影响,中国传统诚信观表现出自律性、重义轻利的特点;诚信在西方文化中可以追溯到两个源头,一个是基督教文化中的诚信观,另一个是古希腊文化延伸出来的契约伦理.与中国相比,西方诚信观产生起便与法律制度、交易关系紧密联系,更多的表现出一种他律性和经济性.

摘要:构建和谐社会是中国当前在社会转型期的主流话题.公平理念是社会主义和谐社会的核心价值取向.在和谐社会的目标下应确立起机会公平优先,兼顾结果公平的公平观,以达到社会各利益群体的最优的利益均衡,使社会日趋和谐.

摘要:医疗事故技术鉴定的实践表明,鉴定专家组基本上能做到正确全面理解<条例>和<暂行办法>,对医疗事故争议进行技术鉴定.但是对于如何从法律法规的角度来认定什么是医疗事故的界线并不十分明确,鉴定专家在界定医疗事故中存在的相关具体问题时需要进行认真探讨.

摘要:在知情同意原则的发展历程中,不管是对"同意"缺失还是"知情同意"缺失的关注,都彰显了对患者的自主权和自身权的尊重.在信息披露是否充分的判定方面,从以"医师"为导向的客观化披露标准到以"患者"为导向的主观化披露标准的演变也为患者自主权和自我决定权的保护做了一个很好的注脚.而在"伤害"诉因和"疏忽"诉因的选择上,支持者和反对者的立论基础也在于患者的自主权和自我决定权.从知情同意原则的发展轨迹中可以窥视出,知情同意原则所保护的权利是患者的自主权和自我决定权.患者的自我决定权是一种人格权,是一种可从国家宪法文本中找到落脚点的宪法权利,是一种在强制医疗场合可对抗国家政府行为无合法根据侵入的自由利益,是一种消极面和积极面两面一体的权利.

摘要:文章从经济法的视角对我国近年来逐步推行的药品生产质量管理规范(GMP)认证制度进行评析,指出其本身具备的经济法性质,分析其作为一项经济法律手段所存在的问题.并以药品GMP认证为出发点,提出市场经济条件下完善我国现行药事法规体系的设想:改革药品生产准入法律制度、完善药品法法律责任、构建与GMP认证相配套的法律制度和定期修订GMP标准.

摘要:进入21世纪,基因科技取得了一系列重大突破,给人类带来了无限希望,但同时也给人们带来了道德伦理的困惑,面对科技发展与道德伦理的冲突,人类应该寻求和依靠理性,既要大力发展高科技,又要维护人性与人权,实现技术上和道德观念上的跨越.

摘要:作为社会学、历史学家的米歇尔·福柯是近年来西方影响最大的思想家之一.福柯的学术工作代表了一种不同凡响的历史分析方法,从其早期的成名作<癫狂与文明>、<临床医学的诞生>到<词与物>、<知识考古学>,再到后期的<规训与惩罚>、<性经验史>诸多著作中,都可感受到历史分析在其理论中的地位.文章将通过对<临床医学的诞生>的解读来分析其社会历史观.

摘要:随着医疗服务市场竞争的日益激烈,大型综合型医院将面临着病源的争夺,同时,目前社区卫生服务工作中也存在诸多问题,因此对大型综合性医院开展社区卫生服务可行性进行探讨研究具有十分重要的意义.大型综合性医院开展社区服务将成为一种新的医疗服务模式,对解决双方当前面临的问题均有一定的作用,是提高大型综合性医院的医疗辐射能力及社区居民健康的有效途径.

摘要:中医药是中华民族的瑰宝.随着科学思想和医学模式的转变,传统的中医药成为当今医药学和科学发展重新认识和探索的重点之一,将在世界医药事业发展中发挥重要作用.加入WTO为中医药在世界范围内实现跨越式发展提供了一个平台.入世后中医药要进一步走向世界,其根本是发扬自身的特色优势,活力是与现代医学和谐共进,关键是不断拓展市场,核心是推进自身的创新发展.

摘要:回顾日常创伤病案质量缺陷并进行病案统计分析,探讨缺陷原因,通过完善的管理制度,提高医师业务素质和病案水准,制定严格的规则,强化每个环节的管理,更新病案书写策略,减少质量缺陷,确保病案真实性、完整性、可靠性,是增强病案内涵质量的有效办法.

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摘要:科技中介在政府与科技、科技与经济、科技与社会之间,在不同利益主体之间发挥着桥梁作用.我国科技中介由于起步较晚存在着诸多问题,已严重影响了科技成果转化为现实生产力的速度和质量.科技评价体系的改革势在必行,文章从五个方面提出加快科技中介体系改革的具体措施,以促进科技事业全面、快速发展.

摘要:我国博士后制度建立20年来成绩斐然,但是随着博士后事业的不断发展,社会主义市场经济体制的不断完善,博士后工作的管理模式已经不能满足社会日益发展的需要.文章以笔者单位工作为基础,对新时期博士后管理工作进行了有益探索.

摘要:高校校务公开工作,是高校贯彻落实"三个代表"重要思想的具体体现,是高校加强民主政治建设的重要举措,是构建和谐校园、和谐社会的有效途径.文章对在新形势下全面推进高校校务公开工作的重要意义,以及如何开展和实施好高校校务公开工作做了初步的探讨.

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摘要:为了解临床护理人员医疗锐器伤害现状及防护意识,笔者采用<医疗锐器伤害护理人员问卷表>对80名临床护士进行了随机调查,结果表明护理人员被医疗锐器伤害相当普遍,他们所受防护教育不够、防护意识淡薄、防护技术欠缺.因此必须提高护理人员风险意识,并采取积极对策以降低护理人员被医疗锐器伤害的危险性.

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摘要:在综合性医院普外科,职业性质、特殊环境氛围及超负荷的工作等给护士造成了很大的心理压力,产生一些不良影响,表现在护士工作效率不高,身体体能下降,正向情绪较缺乏,群体气氛单调等方面.分析原因,与护理工作本身的性质、护士自身素质、外环境对护士职业的影响有关.护理管理者应加强对护士职业压力应对的培训,创造良好的工作环境,营造融洽的人际关系,消除危害心理健康的不良因素,提高医院管理者的支持及社会支持,从而贯彻以人为本的理念,提高护士对职业压力的心理适应能力,维护心理健康.

摘要:研究生教育是我国教育体系中最高层次的培养形式,肩负着为国家现代化建设培养高素质、高层次、创造性人才的重任,是增强综合国力、增强国际竞争力的重要支撑力量.然而,随我国高等教育事业不断发展、研究生招生规模不断扩大,研究生心理素质不容乐观的问题也日益突出,已越来越成为人们关注的焦点.文章通过新形势下研究生心理问题产生的压力源分析,探讨了导师对研究生进行心理疏导的可行性和必要性,重点提出了研究生导师实施心理疏导的方法与路径.

摘要:文章从我国与发达国家寄生虫感染与医学寄生虫学教育的特点出发,分析了我国医学寄生虫学教育面临的问题,探讨性地提出为了更好地适应我国国情、满足我国新时期培养医学生的需要,进行医学寄生虫学教育改革的几点建议.

摘要:中医古文献是中医学全部知识的主要载体,是现代中医理论的源泉.对中医文献研究本身进行思路探索,将有助于文献研究的现代化和科学化,更好地为继承和发展中医事业服务.文章探讨了中医文献的研究思维方式,提出了跨学科的思维方式,富集式的思维方式和明理与顿悟的思维方式三种思路.强调了数字化和图形化技术在中医文献教学与研究中的作用.

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摘要:大学英语教学必须丰富教学手段,优化教学内容,提高课堂效率.利用影视资料辅助教学就是一种省时高效的现代化教学手段.文章就其优势,具体教学方法及实际运用中应注意的问题进行了探讨.

摘要:文章分析了医学七年制学生的英语写作能力.七年制学生在英语写作方面与同年级的本科生相比有其优势,但仍然存在中文的负迁移、连贯与衔接不够和认识能力不足等问题.为了进一步提高七年制写作教学的水平,文章就如何解决上述问题,提出了相应的对策,即加强英汉对比教学和语篇教学,重视人文素质和认识能力的培养.

摘要:Motic数码显微互动实验室,把现代信息技术融进了高等教育的课堂.在师生共享清晰图像的同时,还有语音系统相互交流,存贮图像信息和通过网络系统实现图像和资讯的异地共享等功能.在病理学实验课教学中,一方面消除了师生之间在显微图像上的沟通障碍,充分实现师生互动,另一方面使教师迅速而有效地对全体或个别学生给予指导或帮助,还可发挥计算机强大的图像处理和保存功能,为病理学实验课教学提供了高效率的教学和沟通手段.

摘要:组织胚胎学是高等医药院校的一门重要的基础学科.通过基础教学与临床相结合;前后联系,总结对比;改进教学手段和方法,加强能力培养;赋予语言幽默感;加强教学双方互动与交流,接近和鼓励学生等兴趣教学,提高教学质量.

摘要:In this review the authors summarize data of a potential role for serotonin in human skin physiology and pathology. The uncovering of endogenous serotonin synthesis and its transformation to melatonin underlines a putative important role of this pathway in melanocyte physiology and pathology. Pathways of the biosynthesis and biodegradation of serotonin have been characterized in human beings and its major cellular populations. Moreover, receptors of serotonin are expressed on keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts and these mediate phenotypic actions on cellular proliferation and differentiation. And the widespread expression of a cutaneous seorotoninergic system indicates considerable selectivity of action to facilitate intra-, auto-, or paracrine mechanisms that define and influence skin function in a highly compartmentalized manner. Melatonin, in turn, can also act as a hormone, neurotransmitter, cytokine, biological modifier and immunomodulator. Thus, Serotonin local synthesis and cellular localization could thus become of great importance in the diagnosis and management of cutaneous pathology.

摘要:Objective: To study the relationship between one polymorphism in the promoter of the DNA repair gene XPA and the susceptibility to lung cancer. Methods: Genotypes were determined by the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)method in 310 histologically-confirmed lung cancer cases and 341 age and sex frequency-matched cancer-free controls. Results: The XPA A23G genotype frequencies were 27.1％ (AA), 42.9％ (AG), and 30.0％ (GG) in case patients and 21.1％ (AA), 52.8％ (AG),and 26.1％ (GG) in control subjects. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals carrying at least one 23G variant allele (AG + GG genotypes) had a significantly decreased risk for lung cancer (adjusted OR = 0.66; 95％ CI = 0.44- 0.98) compared with the wild-type genotype (23AA). Stratified analysis showed that the protective effect was more evident in subjects with a family history of cancer. Conclusion: These results suggest that the XPA A23G polymorphism may have a role in lung cancer susceptibility in this study population.

摘要:Objective: To investigate the effects of gene transfer of a β-adrenergic receptor(β-AR) kinase inhibitor(β ARKct)on pulmonary β2-adrenergic receptor and cAMP following β2-AR agonist treatment in asthmatic mice, and to analyze the relationship between the routes of gene delivery and the changes of β2AR and cAMP. Methods: BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin to establish the asthmatic model treated with βAR agonist ( salbutamol injected intramuscularly). The plasmid with the expression of βARKct was constructed and βARKct gene transfer was performed through intravenous injection or intratracheal instillation in asthmatic mice.The gene expression was measured with Western blot analysis, and the changes of pulmonary β-AR and cAMP evaluated by Radioimmunoassay. Results: The expression of tranfered βARKct gene was detectable in lungs and it was expressed more in the lungs of the mice receiving intratracheally plasmid than those receiving intravenously. The levels of βAR and cAMP were upregulated after using plasmid-βARKct to the asthmatic mice treated with β AR agonist. Conclusion: Our results indicated that there were down-regulation of βAR and cAMP in asthmatic mice treated with βAR agonist. Gene transfer of βARKct could inhibit the extent of the down-regulation of βAR and cAMP. The route of gene delivery could also affect the degree of up-regulation of βAR and cAMP. Gene transfer βARKct may provide a novel approach to the therapeutic strategy for asthma.

摘要:Objective: Bererine has been used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese traditional medicine because of its hypoglycemic effect. In this report, we compared the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activities of erythrocyte insulin receptors from type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without stimulation by berberine in vitro. Methods: Preparations containing insulin receptors were obtained from soluble human erythrocytes, and the insulin receptors were partially purified by affinity chromatography. The tyrosine kinase activity was measured by the exogenous substrate phosphorylation. Results: Both the membrane tyrosine kinase activity and the purified receptor tyrosine kinase activity from diabetics decreased significantly compared with those of normal individuals (reduced by 67.4 ％ and 47.2 ％, respectively).After incubation with berberine, there is a statistical difference in the activity of membrane tyrosine kinase for diabetic patients (a 150％ increase). Bererine had no effect on the tyrosine kinase activity of purified insulin receptors. Conclusion: We concluded from these results that berberine was able to improve the insulin sensitivity by increasing the protein tyrosine kinase activity of membrane-bound insulin receptors from type 2 diabetes mellitus.

摘要:Objective: To clone human cardiac heat shock protein 27(HSP27) gene and to determine the effects of HSP27 on the oxidative stress in rat cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2. Methods: Full length of HSP27 cDNA which got by RT-PCR was constructed into pCDNA3.1 + . The recombinant was transfected into rat cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2 and the stable transfection cell line was selected by G418. Then we observe the effects of HSP27 over-expression on LDH release and apoptosis induced H2O2 in H9c2. Results:1000 μmol/L H2O2 in HSP27 over-expression group and wild type group were 0.396 ± 0.017 vs. 0.390 ± 0.009 ( p ＞ 0.05 ), 0.437 ± 0.014 vs. 0.416 ± 0.015 ( P ＜ 0.05), 0.471 ± 0.018 vs. 0.417 ± 0.009 ( P ＜ 0.001), 0. 505 ± 0.030 vs. 0. 657 ± 0.022 ( P ＜ 0.001),and wild type group were (10.693 ± 1.122) ％ vs. (4.027 ± 1.628 )％ ( P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion: We cloned and constructed human cardiac HSP27 gene successfully, and over-expression of human HSP27 could inhibit oxidative damage significantly in H9c2.

摘要:Objective: To study the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ) in the artery tissues of essential hypertensive patients, and the different changes with different ages, especially to the hypertensive patients more than 65 years old.Methods: Collected the mesenteric artery tissues of essential hypertensive patients( ＞65 years old group and ＜65 years old group)and patients with normal blood pressure,using immunohistochemical analysis and image acquiring and analysis system to detect the expression of PPARγ in the artery tissues. Results: the expression of PPARγ in the artery tissues of essential hypertensive patients is higher than that in the patients with normal blood pressure( P ＜ 0.05), and to the group of hypertensive patients, the expression of PPARγ in ＞ 65 years old group is higher than that in ＜ 65 years old group ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion: the expression of PPARγ in artery tissues is increased in hypertensive patients than in the patients with normal blood pressure, and increased with aging in hypertensive patients, suggesting that PPARγhas great relationship with hypertension.

摘要:Objective: Angiogennesis, the formation of new blood vessels from the existing vascular bed, is essential step for growth and invasion of primary tumor. Vascular endothelial growth-factor (VEGF) is known to play crucial role in tumor angiogenesis. In the present study, we investigate the expression of VEGF and VEGF-mRNA in the angiogennesis, metastasis and prognosis of lung cancer.Methods: The VEGF cellular distributions and expression in 38 specimens of patients with lung cancer were investigated with immunohistochemistry stain technology. The total RNAs in 38 tissues of lung cancer was measured, then the levels of VEGF-mRNA expression were analyzed by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The levels of VEGF in sera of patients with lung cancer, benign lung diseases and healthy controls were detected through Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: The VEGF positive stain was 76％ in 38 cases of lung cancer specimens. The 89％ rate of VEGF stain was found for clinical stage Ⅲ cases and 92％for stage Ⅳ lung cancers. The significantly higher expression of VEGF was evidenced in patients with lymph node metastasis (84 ％ ), distant metastasis (90％), and lung cancers with lower histological differentiation (89％), respectively. The expression level of total RNA was significantly higher in patients with lung cancers than that in their paracancerous or distant lung tissues. The VEGF expressions were tightly correlated with total RNA concentration of lung carcinoma ( P ＜ 0.01 ). The predominant expressions of VEGF121 and VEGF165 gene fragments were found in lung cancer specimens by RT-PCR analysis. No significant difference of serum VEGF levels was detected between cases with lung cancer and patients with benign diseases. However, the VEGF level of cases with benign diseases was decreased significantly after patients with anti-inflammation medication. Conclusion: The present data suggested that the tumor tissue VEGF expression and VEGF-mRNA analysis in patients with lung cancer be a useful indicator for angiogenesis and metastasis of lung cancer.

摘要:Objective: This study investigated the effect of NS398 on anti-proliferation and the mechanism of inducing apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cell MG-63 line in vitro. Methods: Growth suppression was detected by MTT method. Special morphological changes of apoptosis were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and DNA fragments electrophoresis. The apoptotic rates were quantified by flow cytometry (FCM). And Bcl-2 protein level were detected by Western Blotting assay. Results: Different concentration NS398 inhibited the cell growth. Through TEM and DNA electrophoresis, the special morphological changes were observed after 24,48 and 72 h treatment with NS398. The apoptotic rates of MG-63 cells treated with NS398 were respectively, significantly higher than that of the control group( P ＜ 0.01). Western blot assay showed that NS398 reduced Bcl-2 protein expression. Conclusion: NS398 suppressed the proliferation of human osteosarcoma cell MG-63 line and induced apoptosis. The mechanism may be associated with down-regulation expression level of bcl-2 protein.

摘要:Objective: To evaluate the recent curative efficacy and security of High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in combination with chemotherapy(PFC) in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma. Method: Sixty patients with measurable advanced gastric carcinoma,proved pathologically, were divided into Group A and Group B. Group A: Patients were treated by HIFU(FEP-BY01) in combination with chemotherapy(PFC, paclitaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil). Group B: Patients were treated with the single regime of PFC. Results: All cases could be evaluated. In group A, 5 patients achieved complete response, 17 patients achieved partial response,and a response rate was 73.3 ％. The stable disease(SD) and the inefficiency all were 13.3 ％ (4/30) respectively, and msurvival time(MST)was 13.9 months. In group B, 2 patients achieved complete response, 14 patients achieved partial response, and a response rate was 53.3％. The stable disease(SD) was 23.3％(7/30). The inefficiency all were 23.3％(7/30) respectively, and median survival time was 9.6 months. There was significant difference between two groups' MST( P ＜ 0.05). Major toxicities included bone marrow depression,nausea, vomiting and alopecia, without significant differences between two groups( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that HIFU in combination with chemotherapy(PFC) was a new efficent and secure therapy for the patients with advanced gastric carcinoma. It was observed that the MST was prolonged. Prospective trials should be warranted to determine the result.

摘要:Objective: To compare carotid catheters blooddrawing and tail-cut blooddrawing in traumatizing rats and changing their internal L-selectin. Methods: Two ways of bloodletting were selected to produce hemorrhagic shock models. Monoclonal antibody sign and flow cytometer were used to test neutrophil L-selectin dynamic expression in rats. Results: No remarkable differences were shown among different time points in neutrophil L-selectin expressing amount (average fluorescence index)( P ＞ 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, all cell surface expressions in empirical control group increased. Cell surface expressions reached the summit at 3 hours and kept the high level at 4-5 hours. A progressive increase of the mRNA expression peaked at 5 hours; the expressions in both groups of carotid catheters blooddrawing increased compared with normal control group, and remained stable after 3 hours compared with the Tail-cut Blooddrawing Group. Conclusion: L-selectin expressions changed little in tail-cut blooddrawing rats, while carotid catheters resulted moderate or sever trauma. Therefore, it was suggested that it should not be set as hemorrhagic shock control model. As neutrophil L-selection expressions increased after trauma, the adhesion of leucocytes to the venule wall may be beneficial to the healing of wound and enhance the ability of anti-infection. The immediate increasing of neutrophil surface L-selectin expressions in this study was likely due to the direct release of Lselectin from cytoplasm granules that do not depend on protein synthesis.

摘要:Objective: To take advantage of Epi Info to manage and analyze disease data. Methods: After selecting the living examples for independent sample T-Test, Epi Info 5.00, 5.01a(Chinese), 6.00, 6.04 b, 6.04 d, 2000, 2002(Chinese)were used to do the independent sample T-Test on the two living examples. Then, Intercooled Stata7, Microsoft Excel(2002) and SPSS 10.0 for Windows were used to verify the results. Results: The statistical results from the Epi Info 5.00, 5.01a(Chinese) and 6.00 were the same while that from Epi Info 6.04 b, 6.04 d, 2000,2002 (Chinese), Intercooled Stata7, Microsoft Excel(2002) and SPSS 10.0 for Windows were identical In independent sample T-Test,. But the former result is different with the latter. Conclusion: There was an error in the result of T-Test from Epi Info 6.00 and former versions. Thus, it's important to be alert to select the versions of Epi Info to manage and analyze disease data. On the other hand, it's also quite pivotal to distinguish the adopted Epi Info versions when referring to the articles ane use the statistical results.

摘要:Objective: To review the epidemiological feature, clinical, and diagnostic data of post-traumatic diaphragmatic hernia (TDH) associated with pelvic fractures patients reported in recent 10 years. Methods: One case of delayed presentation of TDH after pelvic fractures taken place one month later was present, with a review on the literature of this kind of patients in our country. Results:The incidence of TDH associated with pelvic fractures was relatively rare, and the diagnosis were often delayed or missed. Although the trans-thorax approach was preferred for surgical closure in the acute phase, its mortality was 8.51％. Conclusion: TDH associated with pelvic fractures is difficult to diagnose because of their varied clinical and radiological signs and the patients may not present with symptoms for a long time following the injury. In clinical, a high index of suspicion with appropriate examination is the mainstays of management,which can also increase the prognosis.

摘要:Objective: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea may be a serious complication after neurosurgery. Some of them can be treated conservatively by continuous CSF drainage with a lumbar subarachnoid catheter. On the other hand, spinal puncture may result in headache by CSF leakage. Methods: Present a 17-year-old female who suffered from CSF rhinorrhea after pituitary surgery was treated by making use of spinal puncture after failed catheter drainage. Results: The patient was successfully treated by this way.Conclusion: Spinal puncture by 16-gauge Touhy needle seems to be a possible way to substitute the traditional continuous lumbar subarachnoid catheter to drain the CSF in patients with rhinorrhea.