摘要:Objective： To obtain the complete β-actin gene from Aedes albopictus. Methods： Total RNA was extracted from C6/36 cells. Degenerate primers were designed based on the β-actin sequences of An. gambiae， Ae. aegypti， Cx. pipiens pallens and D. melanogaster. By RT-PCR， the product was amplified， purified， cloned into the pGT vector and sequenced. The β-actin sequence was aligned and phylogenetically analyzed by the BLAST program and the CLUSTAL W program. Results： A sequence of 1132 bp including an open reading frame of 1131 bp was obtained（GenBank DQ657949）. The deduced protein had 376 amino acids. Aligned to SWISS-PROT， it exhibited a high level of identity with β-actins from Anopheles， Drosophila and Culex at the amino acid sequence level. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Ae. albopictus β-actin was much more homologous with invertebrate β-actin than with vertebrate β-actin. Conclusion： The gene may be used as the internal control in the experiments of Ae. albopictus.

摘要:Objective： To compare the outcomes of percutaneous laser disc decompression （PLDD） and PLDD with synchronous suction through syringe in the patients with herniated lumbar disc（HLD）. Methods： Forty-two patients with HLD on MRI and those who did not respond to conservative treatment for 6 weeks were randomly divided into group A and group B. In group A， the patients were treated with PLDD and those in group B with PLDD and synchronous suction through syringe. GaAIAS diode laser at 810 nm was used for the ablation in both groups. The treatment effect was evaluated by modified MacNab’s criteria on the 7th， 30th and 90th day. Results： Evaluated by modified MacNab’s criteria， the percentages of the excellent and good cases in total patients treated for group B and A were 80.95% and 57.14% on the 7th follow-up day， 85.71% and 66.67% on the 30th follow-up day， and 95.24% and 71.43% on the 90th follow-up day， respectively. Conclusion： Synchronous suction technique through syringe during PLDD improves the overall outcome in the treatment of herniated lumbar disc.

摘要:Objective： To evaluate the effect of transplanting bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells（BM-MSCs） or adenovirus5-hepatocyte growth factor（Ad5-HGF） via non-infarct-related artery injection in swine myocardial infarction models. Methods：BM-MSCs were obtained from swine bone marrow and expanded in vitro to a purity of >50%. A myocardial infarction（MI） was created by ligating the distal left anterior descending artery in swine. Either BM-MSCs（5 × 106／ml） or Ad5-HGF（4 × 109 pfu） were transfused via the right coronary artery（non-infarcted artery） four weeks after MI. Gate-controled cardiac perfusion imaging was performed at the end of four and seven weeks after LAD ligation, to evaluate heart function and cardiac perfusion. Morphologic and histologic characteristics of the hearts were also studied. Results：（1）The gate-controlled cardiac perfusion imaging showed that the improvement in LVEF was greater in both treatment groups than in control group at the 4th weeks. （2）In both treatment groups, capillary density was significantly higher than that of control group（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：BM-MSCs or Ad5-HGF transplantation via non-infarcted artery administration can stimulate angiogenesis and improve heart function, but there was no difference in therapeutic efficacy between BM-MSCs and Ad5-HGF.

摘要:Objective： The thrombospondin-4（TSP-4） gene G29926C（A387P） polymorphism was recently reported to be associated with an increased risk of MI（myocardial infarction） in American population. However, several subsequent studies produced controversial findings. The aim of this study was to explore the possible association between TSP-4 A387P polymorphism and ACS（acute coronary syndrome） in Chinese Han population. Methods：A case-control study including 412 patients with ACS and 337 controls free from CAD（coronary artery disease） was conducted. TSP-4 A387P polymorphism was determined by PCR（polymerase chain reaction） and RFLP（restriction fragment length polymorphism） analysis. Results：Slightly decreased frequency of GC genotype was observed in patients with ACS, compared with controls（5.3% vs. 7.1%）, but the difference did not reach statistical significance（P = 0.31）. Similarly, the prevalence of C allele was 2.7% and 3.6% for ACS and control groups, respectively （P = 0.32）. None of homozygote was detected for C allele. Further analyses in subjects subgrouped according to sex and age also showed no association of TSP-4 A387P polymorphism with ACS. Furthermore, after adjustment for conventional risk factors by multiple logistic regression analysis, the carrier prevalence of C allele did not differ significantly between ACS and control groups（OR = 0.85; 95% CI：0.45－1.59; P = 0.60）. Conclusion：The present study suggested that the TSP-4 A387P variant showed a low prevalence compared with western populations and failed to associate with an altered risk of ACS in Chinese Han population. The findings further supplement experimental data for TSP-4 gene study of coronary disease.

摘要:Objective： To study the inhibitory effect of chuanxiongzine on vascular smooth muscle cell （VSMC） proliferation and explore its molecular biology basis. Methods： we selected the VSMC cultured 4~8 generation from rat aorta thoracalis as research object. The objects were divided into four groups（Ⅰ）control group，（Ⅱ）chuanxiongzine（50 μg/ml）group，（Ⅲ）chuanxiongzine （100 μg/ml） group and（Ⅳ） chuanxiongzine（200 μg/ml） group. The inhibitory effect of chuanxiongzine on VSMC proliferation was investigated by cell counting， MTT and 3H-TdR incorporation assay. In order to illuminate the molecular biology mechanism of chuanxiongzine inhibiting VSMCs proliferation， the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA） and C-myc were detected. Results： Chuanxiongzine could inhibit the proliferation of VSMC significantly in a dose- and time-dependent manner， compared with control group （P < 0.05）. The expression of PCNA and c-myc were inhibited obviously and correlated with the concentration of chuanxiongzine （P < 0.05）. Conclusion： Chuanxiongzine may play a considerable role in VSMC proliferation process. The inhibitory effect of chuanxiongzine in a dose- and time-dependent manner can be realized via down regulating the expression of PCNA and c-myc. In this study， The great theoretical fundament about Chinese medicine， which is used to treat atherosclerosis（AS）， has been obtained.

摘要:Objective： To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection （AAD）. Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimers were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher （P < 0.001) in patients with AAD（7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (>0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ ml, P < 0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P < 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.

摘要:Objective： To investigate the effect of Heme oxygenase-1（HO-1） gene transfection on the viability of cultured rat islets, and to explore the potential value of HO-1 gene in islet transplantation. Methods：Recombinant adenovirus vector containing human HO-1 gene（Ad-HO-1） or enhanced green fluorescent protein gene（Ad-EGFP） was generated by using AdEasy system respectively. The rat islets were transfected with Ad-HO-1, Ad-EGFP or blank vector and then cultured for 7 days. Transfection was confirmed by expression of EGFP and human HO-1 protein detected by fluorescence photographs and western blot, respectively. The insulin release upon different concentration of glucose stimulation was detected using insulin radioimmunoassay kit, and stimulation index（SI） was calculated. Glucose-stimulated insulin release was used to assess islet viability. Results：Adenovirus vector successfully transferred HO-1 gene to rat islet cells in vitro, and the insulin release upon high level of glucose stimulation and stimulation index（SI） of Ad-HO-1-infected islets were significantly higher than those of Ad-EGFP-infected islets and control islets（P < 0.05）. Conclusion: Adenovirus-mediated HO-1 gene transfection is a feasible strategy to confer cytoprotection and therefore protect the viability of cultured rat islets.

摘要:《刑法修正案（六）》中对刑法第１６３条修改增加的“其他单位”一词，文章认为其仅限于与“公司、企业”具有同样性质的经营性单位，并不包括公立非营利性医疗卫生单位。公立非营利性医疗卫生单位（国家主体医疗卫生机构）中编制内的医生，代表事业单位从事与职权相联系的公共事务，属于《刑法》第９３条第２款规定的“国有公司、企业、事业单位、人民团体中从事公务的人员”或者“其他依照法律从事公务的人员”，具有国家工作人员的主体身份。其收受药械经销商支付的基于处方权的“利益”的行为，并非“回扣”，而是违反医师执业规则“牟取的不正当利益”，可以定性为“受贿”。对于非索贿的受贿行为的确定，必须经过医疗事故技术鉴定，明确存在违反了诊疗原则地使用药械而使得他人获得不正当的交易机会，才具备“为他人谋取利益”这个受贿罪的构成要件。

摘要:Objective： To observe the effects of apigenin on cell proliferation of human pancreatic carcinoma cell line BxPC-3 in vitro. Methods：The inhibitive effects of apigenin at different concentrations（0 -滋mol／L, 100 -滋mol／L, 200 -滋mol／L, and 400 -滋mol／L） on human pancreatic carcinoma cell line BxPC-3 were detected by MTT assays, transmission electron microscope，agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry. The immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax gene. Results：Apigenin at different concentrations could inhibit the proliferation of human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines BxPC-3, and the inhibitive effect was dose-dependent. The cell cycle of pancreatic carcinoma cells was arrested at G2／M phase. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the density of apigenin increased, and the expression of Bcl-2 gene was reduced gradually. At the same time the expression of Bax gene was enhanced. Conclusion：Apigenin could inhibit the proliferation of human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines BxPC-3 in vitro. The effect of apoptosis was accompanied with the expression of Bcl-2 decrease and Bax increase.

摘要:在《刑法修正案（六）》颁布生效后，普通医生在临床工作中收受医疗回扣是否具备了刑事定罪的法律依据，理论界依然存在着争议，部分学者和医务人员认为此类行为既不属于受贿罪也不属于公司、企业人员受贿罪的调整范围，不构成刑事犯罪。要正确认识此问题，只有从受贿罪立法的历史变迁、商业受贿罪的立法背景以及与其他相关刑法罪名进行比较的角度来分析，才能够正确理解和掌握《刑法修正案（六）》生效后的刑法后果。

摘要:Objective： To explore the effects of thiazolidinediones（TZDs） pioglitazone on proliferation and differentiation of human preadipocytes. Methods：Omental adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from 15 patients who were undergoing elective open-abdominal surgery. The primary culture and differentiated induction of human preadipocytes were performed, and the human preadipo-cytes were treated with pioglitazone at different concentrations at proper moments. Dynamic morphological changes of the human preadipocytes were observed, and their proliferation and differentiation were assessed with Colorimetric MTT Assay and Oil Red O Staining. Results：After 24 hours and 72 hours with pioglitazone, 0.1 μmol/L（μmol／ml） pioglitazone increased the MTT values of the human preadipocytes by 25.3% and 34.8%，respectively（P < 0.05）, while 1 μmol/L pioglitazone by 27.4% and 26.6%（P < 0.05), compared with the control group without pioglitazone. The human preadipocytes with pioglitazone cumulated more adipose in the endochylema than those without pioglitazone obviously. 0.1 μmol/L pioglitazone increased the differentiation degree of the human preadipocytes differentiated for 8-10 days by 44.81% and 1 μmol/L pioglitazone by 53.76%（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：Thiazolidinediones pioglitazone may significantly promote the proliferation and differentiation of the human omental preadipocytes.

摘要:Objective： To explore the effects and mechanisms of poly（ADP-ribose） polymerase（PARP） inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide on nerve lesions in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Methods： Experimental rats were divided into normal control group（NC group）， diabetic control group（DC group）and diabetic group treated with 3-aminobenzamide（DT group）.Nerve conduction velocity （NCV），serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity and serum malondialdehyde （MDA） concentration，phosphocreatine （Pcr），creatine （Cr） concentration in sciatic nerves were evaluated after 4 weeks. Results： SOD，Pcr activity，and NCV were higher （P < 0.05） and MDA concentration were significantly lower in DT group， compared with DC group （P < 0.01）. Meanwhile， ATP and Cr in sciatic nerves were similar in DT group， compared with DC group （P > 0.05）. Conclusion： 3-aminobenzamide could alleviate the established functional and metabolic abnormalities of early DPN in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat models，which provided a novel approach for prevention and treatment of diabetic neuropathy.

摘要:安乐死问题的提出本身就是对传统医学、传统伦理、传统法律的一种挑战。笔者认为，安乐死是医疗服务的一部分；医疗权就是处理人体与生命的权利，其前提条件是必须在有利期望的前提下进行；安乐死法律关系区别于一般民事法律关系的特征主要在于：通常民事法律关系的客体是指民事权利和民事义务所共同指向的对象，即指物、行为和智力成果；安乐死的法律关系的客体却是特指患者的生命或健康权。

摘要:安乐死的争议包括主动安乐死和生命自主性的关系，以及被动安乐死的理由。要解决这些问题，必须探究宪法生命权的涵义。生命权的本质是自由权，也就是个人自主安排自己生死的权利，这种权利可以授权医生协助其安乐死。对于非自愿的安乐死患者，仍然应该根据生命权的逻辑加以安排，将选择交给患者的家属。宪法学对安乐死问题的回答，解决的是国家的立场，并不排斥公民基于个人的良心做出自己的价值判断。

摘要:Objective： To investigate the chemopreventive effect of tamoxifen combined with a COX-2 selective inhibitor， celecoxib， on breast cancer in rats chemically induced by 7，12-dimethylben（a）anthracene （DMBA）. Methods：DMBA was irrigated into the stomaches of SD female rats to build breast cancer model. A total of 120 rats were divided into four groups： control group， tamoxifen group， celecoxib group and combined group. The incidence rate， latent period， number and volume of breast cancer were detected and analyzed. Results：The tumor incidence rate of tamoxifen group （48.15%， 13/27） and celecoxib group （50.00%， 14/28） were lower than that of control group （85.71%， 24/28）， but higher than that of combined group （21.43%， 6/28）. The tumor’s latent period of tamoxifen group （97.54±1.85 d） and celecoxib group （96.79±2.89 d） were longer than that of control group （89.50±5.99 d）， but shorter than that of combined group （103.67±3.39 d）. The average tumor number of tamoxifen group （1.77±0.73） and celecoxib group （1.71±0.61） were less than that of control group （3.50±1.62）， but more than that of combined group （1.17±0.42）. The average tumor volume of tamoxifen group （1.78±0.71 cm3） and celecoxib group （2.05±1.04 cm3） were smaller than that of control group （6.42±3.96 cm3）， but bigger than that of combined group （0.71±0.96 cm3） （P < 0.05 respectively）. Conclusion：Celecoxib and tamoxifen are effective drugs in preventing the occurrence of rat breast cancer chemically induced by DMBA. Furthermore， combination of them has better chemopreventive effect.

摘要:Objective： To investigate the value of PAPP-A（pregnancy assouated plasma protein-A） in the diagnosis and prognosis of gestational trophoblastic disease （GTD）. Methods： The serum β-HCG（β-human chorionic gonadotropin） and PAPP-A levels of 25 normal pregnant women， 28 patients with complete hydatidiform mole and 38 patients with invasive mole were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） during the periods of diagnosis， treatment and follow-up. Results： Compared with control group， patients with complete mole and invasive mole had higher levels of β-HCG （P ＜ 0.01）. But there was no significant difference between the complete and invasive mole group（P ＞ 0.05）. The PAPP-A level of complete mole group was significantly higher than that of control group（P ＜ 0.01）. The PAPP-A level of invasive mole group was significantly higher than that of complete mole group and control group（P ＜ 0.05）. In complete mole group， serum β-HCG and PAPP-A levels of the patients with malignant sequelae were significantly higher than those with benign sequelae （P ＜ 0.05）. The β-HCG level had no relationship with the clinical stage of invasive mole. However， the PAPP-A level increased with clinical advancement of invasive mole. The levels of β-HCG and PAPP-A gradually decreased after evacuation in patients with complete moles， but maintained positive or even increased in patients with subsequent malignancy. Conclusion： The PAPP-A level can give us some help not only in early diagnosis of hydatidiform mole and invasive mole， but also in the prognosis of malignant sequelae.

摘要:文章从医学伦理观与人性化医疗服务的概念着手，从维护权益、保护情感两方面重点探讨了医学伦理观在人性化医疗服务中的体现，并结合医学伦理观在临床中的实践，倡导医院注重医学伦理，不断推进人性化医疗服务的进程。

摘要:目的：在H2O2胁迫下，研究角黄素增强成骨细胞抗自由基损伤的作用。方法：用H2O2作用M3T3-E1成骨细胞，建立自由基损伤细胞模型。培养的成骨细胞分为对照组、模型组、角黄素低剂量组（1 × 10-8 mol／L）、角黄素中剂量组（1 × 10-7 mol／L）和角黄素高剂量组（1 × 10-6 mol／L）。测定不同处理组细胞活力、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）活性、活性自由氧（reactive oxygen species, ROS）含量、脂质过氧化物（lipid oxygen, LPO）含量，同时利用荧光偏振法测定细胞膜流动性。结果： 模型组细胞活力、SOD活性、细胞膜流动性均比不同角黄素组有显著降低（P﹤0.01），而ROS含量、LPO含量均比不同角黄素组有显著升高（P﹤0.01）。结论：H2O2摄入会导致大鼠成骨细胞的氧化损伤，而角黄素可以预防或降低此类损伤对细胞的影响。

摘要:Objective： To evaluate the sleep quality and its related factors among perimenopausal women. Methods： A self-designed questionnaire was administered to 506 perimenopausal women. The questionnaire included the influencing factors on the sleep quality， the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI）， the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scales（SDS）， the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety （SAS） and the Modified Kupperman Index（KI）. Data were analyzed by SPSS11.5. Results： The mean PSQI was 5.97±4.30. Twenty-four percent of perimenopausal women reported poor sleep. Age and perimenopausal symptoms were significantly correlated with sleep quality. The sleep quality of the 45~49 age group was the poorest and the 40~44 age group was the best. The women who had higher Kupperman index were more likely to be poor sleepers. There was no significant correlation between occupation and sleep quality. Night sweat， depression， anxiety， hot flash， stressful life event， and regular exercise were significantly and independently related with sleep quality. Among them， regular exercise was a protective factor of sleep quality. Conclusion： High incidence of poor sleep quality exists among perimenopausal women. Some effective interventions should be taken to improve the sleep quality of perimenopausal women.

摘要:目的：比较微束等离子氩弧焊及激光焊接牙科纯钛的机械性能，为微束等离子氩弧焊接纯钛在临床应用提供依据。方法：采用万能试验机测试焊接区的拉伸强度，金相显微镜观察焊接区的金相变化，并测量焊接区的显微硬度。X射线能谱仪测定焊缝区元素组成。结果：等离子氩弧焊接纯钛拉伸强度高于激光焊接，且焊缝显微硬度值与母材接近。两类焊缝均不改变元素的化学组成。结论：微束等离子氩弧焊接纯钛的机械性能优于激光焊接，用于牙科焊接，符合临床需要。

摘要:医疗卫生事业改革需要实践的探索，更需要理论为指导。笔者在回顾和梳理卫生事业改革研究的基础上，提出当前的医疗卫生事业改革研究需要超脱自身利益的协同研究；需要前瞻性、整体性的战略研究；需要可操作的研究；需要能转换成决策层面的研究，以及加强评价标准的研究。

摘要:Objective： To investigate the inhibitory effect and IC50（50% inhibiting concentration） of the recombinant adenoviral p53 gene （rAdp53） in colorectal cancer cells in vitro and to guide clinical practice. Methods： We evaluated the efficiency（IC50）of the rAdp53 and six kinds of anti-cancer drugs（5-fluorouracil, tegafur, mitomycin c, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel） in human colorectal cancer cell line-174 through the cell culture and MTT chemosensitivity assay to make sure the anti-cancer capability of rAdp53. Expression of p53 protein in transfection cells of colorectal cancer line-174 with rAdp53 was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Results： The rAdp53 is a dose- and time-dependent anti-cancer drug, its IC50 is 5.73×1011 VP/ml, but its effect was not obvious when compared with other anti-cancer drugs. In control group, the immunohistochemistry stain was negative. However, rAd-p53 of five different concentrations were all positive in infected colorectal cancer cells with rAd-p53 and the earliest positive result would present 24 hours after infection. Conclusion： The rAdp53 has good anti-cancer efficacy is colorectal cancer cell line-174 in vitro. But its anti-cancer efficacy was less than those of the classical chemical medicine mitomycin c, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin etc., when it was used alone.

摘要:目的：观察同异基因小鼠脾细胞输注比例和输注量在混合半相合骨髓移植中对移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）和嵌合状态的影响。方法： 受鼠全身照射后，经尾静脉回输同基因和半相合异基因供鼠骨髓及两者不同比例脾细胞。A组未加入异基因供鼠脾细胞，B组加入的同异基因供鼠脾细胞量相等，C组加入异基因供鼠脾细胞量是同基因供鼠脾细胞量的两倍。回输后观察GVHD临床表现，取肝、皮肤、小肠送病理学检查评定GVHD分级。测定+70天、+150天嵌合率。监测造血重建和受鼠生存率。结果：混合骨髓移植各组小鼠生存期均超过50天。其中A组，临床和病理无GVHD表现, +150天嵌合水平大幅度下降。B组，临床和病理无明显GVHD表现，+150天嵌合水平中等幅度下降。C组病理有GVHDⅡ级表现，+150天嵌合水平下降不明显。半相合骨髓移植对照组小鼠出现典型的GVHD临床和病理表现，仅20% 小鼠生存期超过50天。结论：小鼠混合半相合骨髓移植中，同异基因小鼠脾细胞输注比例和输注量对移植排斥和GVHD有协调作用。

摘要:改革开放以后，随着经济水平的不断提高，人民的收入和生活水平、生活质量也不断的提高，人们的就医观念正在悄悄的发生变化。现有的公共就医模式已无法满足一部分人的就医需要。而且市场的不断成熟和扩大，原先的服务模式的弊端日益突出，促使私人医生服务出现，其出现填补了市场空白。这种新的就医模式满足了一部分高端人群的新的就医需要，部分缓解了就医难的问题。故在完善私人医生服务体制的同时，应当提倡和发展这一新兴的医疗服务模式。

摘要:Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer’s was infused from porta1 veins to donated 1ivers，and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys， respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method， then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation， the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.

摘要:目的：建立反映泛素蛋白酶体系统（ubiquitin-proteasome system，UPS）功能的GFPu-1细胞系。方法： 将GFPu质粒，转染HEK293细胞，通过G418筛选培养出含GFPu的克隆细胞系GPPu-1，加入蛋白酶抑制剂 lactacystin，通过共聚焦显微镜和Western 印迹观察绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的表达和分布。结果：加入lactacystin 后，GFPu转染细胞荧光强度明显增强，GFPu在胞浆和细胞核分布均匀，且GFPu和β-catenin明显积聚，GFPu增加了约2.5倍（P < 0.05），β-catenin增加了约1.2倍（P < 0.05）。结论：GFPu-1克隆细胞是一种反映UPS功能的敏感指标。

摘要:目的：观察一氧化氮合酶（NOS）和神经生长因子（NGF）在变应性鼻炎（AR）大鼠翼腭神经节内的表达变化。方法：建立AR大鼠模型，用HE染色方法观察鼻黏膜内腺体的变化；用组织化学的方法观察翼腭神经节内NOS表达的变化；用免疫荧光的方法观察翼腭神经节内NGF表达的变化。结果：实验组和正常组大鼠翼腭神经节内均有NOS和NGF表达，但实验组大鼠翼腭神经节内NOS和NGF表达均较正常组显著性增加（P < 0.01）。结论：NOS和NGF可能通过神经调节机制参与了AR的致病过程。

摘要:统计计算表明，医疗事故损害赔偿中的残疾生活补助费并不比相同情况下一般人损残疾赔偿金少，两者互有高低。因此，在医疗事故中应适用一般人损残疾赔偿金的说法从根本上看就是偏颇的。而残疾生活补助费低于一般人损残疾赔偿金的情形主要发生在农村居民或６０岁以上的老年居民中，在这种情形下进行适当的调整是必要的。

摘要:目的：检测MCP-1在肝细胞性肝癌中表达的状况，分析其与肿瘤血管新生的关系。方法：制作包含36例非肿瘤肝疾病和109例肝细胞性肝癌（HCC）肿瘤及癌旁组织的组织芯片，运用免疫组化的方法检测MCP-1，VEGF，CD68的表达情况；运用CD34标记肿瘤血管，进行微血管密度计数。结果：MCP-1在HCC，癌旁和非肿瘤肝疾病中的表达率分别为40.4%、67.0%和44.4%。HCC中MCP1与VEGF（r ＝ 0.233，P = 0.015）和微血管密度（MVD，r ＝ 0.234，P = 0.014）均有相关性，MCP-1的表达情况与肿瘤的病理分期亦有相关性（Ｐ < 0.05），而与肿瘤的大小，数目，分化，肝硬化和预后无显著相关性。结论：MCP-1通过诱导VEGF的表达增强促进HCC血管新生，但MCP-1不能作为提示HCC预后的指标。

摘要:目的：探讨适合当前激烈竞争的医疗形势下提升医院卓越服务的科室管理模式。方法：自2003年至2006年在科室管理中尝试刚柔相济的管理模式，在制度管理的基础上增加了激励机制和人文关怀，充分发挥管理的效能。结果：管理出效益。医护患关系融洽，职工爱科如家，主观能动性充分发挥，周转率、平均住院日、“药占比”均超额完成卫生厅要求。结论：刚柔相济的管理对提高医院卓越服务水平，提高医院竞争力有着重要的作用，是一种值得提倡的管理新模式。

摘要:目的：体外构建编码人类基因cerb-B1短发卡状RNA（short hairpin RNA, shRNA）的质粒表达载体，观察其对结肠癌LoVo细胞cerb-B1基因和表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）蛋白的特异性抑制作用。方法：体外合成cerb-B1基因的DNA模板引物，和Pgenesil-1质粒构建编码shRNA的表达载体。应用脂质体Lipofectamine 2000转染人结肠癌LoVo细胞，转染成功后以G418筛选4周，实时荧光定量RT-PCR（Real Time RT-PCR）检测cerb-B1基因的mRNA表达，Western-blot检测EGFR蛋白的表达。 结果：质粒载体经酶切鉴定证实DNA模板插入质粒成功，且测序与设计结果相符，成功的构建了针对原癌基因cerb-B1的质粒表达载体。质粒载体成功转染后，cerb-B1基因mRNA表达下降了（81.3 ± 2.8）%，EGFR蛋白表达下降了（73.4 ± 2.3）%，和对照质粒载体组比较有显著性差异。结论：说明本研究构建的针对cerb-B1基因的质粒表达载体可以显著抑制cerb-B1基因和EGFR蛋白在人结肠癌LoVo细胞的表达，为结肠癌的基因治疗提供了新的思路。

摘要:目的：该研究旨在探讨青少年网络成瘾倾向与父母教养方式的关系。方法：采用父母养育方式评价量表（ＥＭＢＵ）和网络成瘾综合症诊断量表（ＬＡＤ－ＤＱ）对汕头市和揭阳市的初中、高中、大学共３１８名学生进行调查。结果：网络成瘾的青少年与非网络成瘾的青少年在惩罚严厉、过分干涉、过分保护、拒绝否认等父母教养方式上存在显著差异。结论：青少年的网络成瘾与父母不良的教养方式密切相关。

摘要:社会主义核心价值体系是社会主义和谐社会的内在精神与灵魂，反映了构建和谐社会的现实要求。因此，要结合构建和谐社会的现实背景和历史任务正确解读社会主义核心价值体系四项基本内容，自觉以社会主义核心价值体系为根本加强和谐文化建设，为构建和谐社会奠定基础。

摘要:目的： 观察促红细胞生成素（eryrthropoietin, EP）对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs）增殖和细胞周期的影响。方法：无血清条件下，不同剂量（0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 10 U／ml）EP与MSCs共培养24 h，MTT方法检测MSC增殖情况；10 U／ml EP与MSCs共培养72 h后，流式细胞仪检测细胞周期情况。结果： MTT结果表明，EP呈剂量依赖性促进MSCs增殖，除0.25 U／ml剂量外,其余各组都与对照组有显著性差异，以10 U／ml EP促MSCs增殖作用最明显。流式细胞检测表明， EP组能降低G0／G1期比例，增加S 期和G2／M 期细胞比例，与对照组相比，差异均有显著性意义（P < 0.05）。结论： EP可以促进骨髓间充质干细胞增殖，并且这种影响呈剂量依赖性。

摘要:目的：研究选择性血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂（缬沙坦）对STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠血管组织单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）表达的影响。方法： 将SD大鼠随机分成三组：正常对照组（NC组）、糖尿病组（DM组）、糖尿病 + 缬沙坦干预组（DV组）。观察各组大鼠的血糖、体重、Hb1Ac，于8周时用RT-PCR和Western blot的方法检测链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病大鼠血管组织中MCP-1的表达的变化。结果：DM和DV组大鼠体重较NC组明显降低（均P < 0.01），DM和DV组间糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）及血糖无显著性差异（P > 0.05）； DM和DV组大鼠血管组织中MCP-1 mRNA的表达明显高于NC组（均P < 0.01），而DV组明显低于DM组（P < 0.01）； DM和DV组大鼠血管组织中MCP-1 蛋白的表达明显高于NC组（均P < 0.01），而DV组明显低于DM组（P < 0.01）。结论：糖尿病SD大鼠血管组织单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）表达明显增加，缬沙坦通过降低血管组织炎症因子MCP-1表达，对糖尿病大血管并发症起防治作用。

摘要:高校大学生自杀等危机事件不断发生，引起社会各界和高教界的高度关注。构建高校危机预警及危机干预体系是预防和减少大学生自杀等危机事件的有效途径。结合工作实际，文章从危机预警与危机干预的概念界定，构建大学生危机预警及危机干预体系的依据及构建的思路等方面，对高校危机预警及危机干预体系的构建做了一些思考。

摘要:许多发达国家大学教师聘任制经历了终身职—任期制—任期制与终身职并存的发展历程，大学教师聘任制发展中积累的经验和教训对于我国大学的发展具有很强的现实意义。文章论述了发达国家大学教师聘任制的发展情况，并借鉴发达国家的经验和教训，对我国大学教师聘任制改革提出完善竞争机制、评聘机制、激励机制和流动机制四个方面的建议。

摘要:目的：探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并代谢综合征（metabolic syndrome, MS）与早期糖尿病肾病（diabetic nephropathy, DN）发生的相关性。方法： 采用回顾分析法,对南京医科大学第一附属医院2005年11月～2006年5月病房及门诊收治的478例T2DM患者资料进行统计。结果： 研究中有64.2％的T2DM患者同时存在MS，伴有MS的患者出现早期DN的比例（36.2％）显著高于不伴有MS的患者（22.8%）（χ2 = 9.07；P < 0.01）；而在T2DM伴有MS的患者中，随着MS的组分增加，早期DN的发生率递增，差异有显著性（χ2 = 15.35；P < 0.01）；多因素Logistic回归分析显示,收缩压（SBP）、血清甘油三酯（TG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）、脂蛋白［LP（a）］均为早期DN发生的高危因素（P < 0.05或P < 0.01） 。结论： MS与早期DN的发生密切相关，SBP、TG和HbA1C是早期DN的独立危险因素。

摘要:目的：探讨黄芪多糖（astragalus polysaccharide，APS）对大鼠脑出血（intracerebral hemorrhage，ICH）后神经功能缺损、细胞凋亡及核因子-κB（nuclear factor-kappaB，NF-κB）表达的影响。方法：雄性SD大鼠分为正常组、假手术组、模型组与治疗组。模型组与治疗组均采用Ⅶ型胶原酶诱导脑出血模型，假手术组以等量生理盐水代替Ⅶ型胶原酶，治疗组给予黄芪多糖25 mg／kg腹腔注射，每天一次。分别于6 h和1、3、5天观察大鼠神经行为学评分，用凋亡原位末端标记技术（TUNEL）和免疫组化方法检测血肿周围神经凋亡和NF-κB表达的动态变化。透射电镜观察术后3天血肿周围神经元超微结构的变化。结果：与模型组比较，黄芪多糖干预后 3天和5天大鼠神经行为学评分明显减少（P < 0.05），6 h、1、3、5天时NF-κB阳性细胞数明显减少（6 h、1天 P < 0.05，3、5天Ｐ < 0.01）,TUNEL阳性细胞数1、3、5天时明显减少（1、3天比较P < 0.05，5天Ｐ < 0.01）。神经元超微结构改变亦比模型组减轻。结论： ICH后血肿周围神经细胞损伤有凋亡机制参与，黄芪多糖可以有效减轻脑出血后的细胞凋亡，其机制可能与抑制NF-κB表达有关。

摘要:进一步加强和改进研究生思想政治教育,对于全面实施科教兴国和人才强国战略,确保中国特色社会主义事业兴旺发达,后继有人,具有重大而深远的战略意义。文章通过发放问卷调查，分析研究研究生基本状况及存在的主要问题，提出新时期必须高度重视和切实加强研究生思想政治教育工作。

摘要:影响大学生成长成才的因素有主客观之分。主观因素主要是与大学生的品德、志趣、学习动机和学习目的有关。客观因素则涉及了学校、社会、家庭多个方面的内容，其中，构建和谐校园是优化大学生成长环境的重要内容，也是确保其成才的重要条件。文章试从和谐校园与大学生成长成才关系入手，分析影响高校和谐稳定的因素，提出维护稳定，建设和谐美好校园环境的措施。

摘要:目的：研究细胞外信号调节激酶1／2（extracellular signal-regulated kinases1／2，ERK1／2）在脊髓缺血再灌注中的作用及机制。方法：观察不同时间段脊髓缺血再灌注标本的形态学改变，Western blot 检测脊髓标本中ERK1／2的磷酸化，免疫组织化学染色分析磷酸化ERK1／2（pERK1／2）在神经细胞内的定位表达。结果：脊髓缺血30 min／再灌注2 h ERK1／2发生磷酸化，并持续至再灌注24 h；对照组、脊髓缺血30 min／再灌注5 min至再灌注1 h，免疫组织化学染色未检测到pERK1／2在运动神经细胞内表达，脊髓缺血30 min／再灌注2 h至再灌注24 h，pERK1／2在运动神经细胞胞浆及胞核内均表达，且胞浆内表达异常显著。结论：脊髓缺血再灌注时ERK1／2发生磷酸化，pERK1／2过度滞留于细胞浆可能与脊髓缺血再灌注损伤引发的神经细胞凋亡有关。

摘要:医科院校留学生的对外汉语教学有其自身的必要性，同时也面临着挑战。在教学中应正确处理好一般语言习得性、应试性、医学性三者间的关系，在听、说、读、写几个方面遵循有针对性的教学方法，分阶段有侧重地将汉语的语言特征传递到学生的认知结构中去。

摘要:目的：比较等离子刀与刨削系统在治疗膝关节类风湿性关节炎中的作用。方法： 采用随机对照前瞻性研究，等离子刀治疗组21例，机械刨削对照组17例，全部病例获得6~39个月（平均19.5个月）的随访。随访结果采用Lysholm膝关节功能评分。结果：对美国风湿病学会RA分期处于Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期的病例，等离子刀治疗组的膝关节功能评分优于对照组（P < 0.05）；而对于Ⅲ期的病例，等离子刀治疗组与对照组差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论： 等离子刀技术对RA分期处于Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期的病例是首选治疗方法。

摘要:公共卫生的内涵是随着人类生存发展而不断发展变化的。文章从现代公共卫生的内涵入手，分析现代公共卫生面临的挑战，当前公共卫生教育中存在的问题，提出公共卫生教育改革发展的基本思路和对策。

摘要:临床实习是将医学生培养成为临床医生最重要的环节之一。但现阶段医学生在呼吸内科的临床实习中面临着一些问题，如实习管理松懈、带教老师轻视教学、医学实习生面临“考研”、“择业”压力忽视呼吸内科实习，以及呼吸内科学科自身的一些原因等。文章分析了影响当前呼吸内科实习质量“教”与“学”的多方面因素，提出解决呼吸内科临床实习的一些建议。

摘要:目的：建立人妊娠血浆相关蛋白A（PAPP-A）的纯化与鉴定方法。方法：利用DEAE-Sephadex CL-6B离子交换和Heparin-sepharose CL-6B亲和层析进行分离纯化，变性SDS-PAGE测定其相对分子质量为200 kD，Western blotting 鉴定其特异性。结果：获得相对分子质量为200 kD的蛋白条带，此条带可与妊娠血浆相关蛋白A单克隆抗体发生特异性反应。结论：成功地从孕妇血清中分离得到妊娠血浆相关蛋白A。

摘要:目的：序贯研究正常孕妇妊娠期、产褥期凝血四项参数的生理性功能特征。方法：随机对160例正常妊娠妇女序贯地在孕10~14周、20~24周、30~34周、分娩后3天以及50例非妊娠期妇女检测凝血四项参数。统计学方法采用t检验、方差分析和SNK检验，P < 0.05为有统计学差异。结果：①与非妊娠期妇女相比，围生期PT、APTT和TT缩短，Fbg增加，差异有显著性。②APTT在妊娠中、晚期和产褥期较早期显著缩短，但中晚期和产褥期三期之间无显著性差异。PT在整个围生期由长至短依次为产褥期、妊娠晚期、早期和中期，各期之间差异显著。TT在妊娠早、中和晚期无显著差异，但产褥期较妊娠期显著延长。Fbg在整个围生期逐渐增加，到产褥期达高峰，且各期之间差异显著。结论：随着妊娠进展，正常孕妇凝血功能会发生改变，通过监测凝血四项水平有助于防治相关病理妊娠。

摘要:国外医学院校的临床教学中广泛采用标准医学模拟患者（ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｉｚｅｄ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔ）和角色演练（ｒｏｌｅ ｐｌａｙ），以提高学生学习与患者沟通的技巧，学习如何把握患者的主诉和病史，掌握基本的体格检查和专科检查，同时可以帮助学生理解和记忆课堂教学内容。此外，标准模拟患者还可用于考核学生的临床技能。文章结合作者在日本学习和工作的体会，介绍医学模拟患者和角色演练的起源及发展概况，论述其在临床教学中的意义，并探讨今后面临的课题。

摘要:文章分析了影响实习护士临床角色适应与转换的内在因素和外在因素。其中，身份的转变，缺乏主动服务意识，理论与实际易脱节，护理技术操作不熟练，沟通交流技巧不足以及临床带教老师的因素等，影响实习护士临床角色适应与转换。并且提出临床带教老师提高自身的素质，对实习护士学习、生活、实习计划的完成进行正确引导，有助于实习护士尽快完成这一角色的转换。

摘要:目的：通过总结36例婴幼儿肥厚性幽门狭窄（HPS）的超声诊断结果，对超声诊断标准进行探讨。方法：应用高频超声检测胃幽门，先行幽门长轴扫查, 停帧测量幽门管的长度（PL）及幽门肌厚度（MT），旋转探头90°，测量幽门管直径（PD）。结果：36例HPS患儿超声测量数据：PD：（1.47 ± 0.21）cm（1.3～2.0）cm，PL：（2.09 ± 0.44）cm（1.7～3.0）cm, MT：（0.49 ± 0.07）cm（0.3 ～ 0.7）cm。结论：肥厚性幽门狭窄的超声诊断指标为PL≥1.7 cm, PD≥1.3 cm, MT≥0.3 cm，以幽门肌厚度的诊断意义最重要。

摘要:目的：探讨脑内原发性恶性淋巴瘤的MRI诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析16例经手术或病理证实的脑内原发性恶性淋巴瘤的MRI表现。结果： 16例脑内原发性恶性淋巴瘤，单发5例、多发11例，共发现46个病灶，幕上44个，幕下2个；位于脑深部13例、脑皮层及皮髓质交界处3例、小脑2例；通过胼胝体向对侧侵犯3例，累及软脑膜、室管膜4例。所有病灶T1WI呈略低或等信号；T2WI 41个病灶呈高信号，5个呈等信号，DWI 42个病灶呈高信号，4个病灶呈低信号。增强后病灶团块状或结节状均匀显著强化。瘤周轻度水肿13例、中重度水肿3例。结论：脑内原发性恶性淋巴瘤的MRI增强扫描形态、占位效应以及肿瘤的发生部位具有一定特征，有助于临床诊断和制定治疗计划。

摘要:目的：观察自体骨髓单个核细胞血管腔内移植治疗下肢严重缺血的疗效。方法：35例患者，男24例，女11例；平均年龄68.9岁；左、右下肢分别为22条和13条。病因：糖尿病足32例患者32条下肢，下肢动脉硬化闭塞症2例2条下肢，血栓闭塞性脉管炎1例1条下肢。采用下肢动脉腔内注射和下肢肌肉局部注射自体骨髓单个核细胞12例12条患肢，采用了单纯下肢动脉腔内注射自体骨髓单个核细胞23例23条患肢。结果：1例于术后2周因心功能衰竭死亡，病死率为2.9%。静息痛缓解总有效率为82.9%（29／35），患肢冷感缓解总有效率为90.6%（29／32）。术后40%（14／35）肢体的踝肱指数（ankle／brachial index，ABI）增加，术后4周有82.4%（25／35）肢体的经皮氧分压测定（transcutaneous oxygen pressure, TcPO2）增加；18例患者接受下肢动脉造影，其中有10条下肢血管侧枝丰富。膝下截肢2条，救肢率为94.3%。随访31例，随访率为91.2%。随访时间平均为29.5个月。患肢疼痛缓解总有效率为67.7%（21／31），患肢冷感缓解总有效率为83.3%（25／30）。ABI增加率为58.1%（18／31）。5例截肢，包括1例膝上截肢和4例膝下截肢，总的救肢率为83.9%（26／31）。结论：无论是近期或是远期的结果均表明：下肢动脉腔内单个核细胞移植治疗下肢缺血具有创伤小的优点，是一种简单、有效和安全的方法，值得在临床上进一步推广。

摘要:目的：探讨还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）的治疗效应。方法：62例HIE患儿随机分为Ⅰ组（n = 30），Ⅱ组（n = 32）。两组一般治疗相同，Ⅱ组加用GSH治疗。并分别在治疗前及治疗3天后分别测定血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及丙二醛（MDA）作为观察指标，同时比较两组临床显效率，并将20例正常新生儿设为健康对照组。结果： 治疗后，两组临床显效率比较有显著性差异（Ｐ < 0.05）；Ⅱ组：SOD和MDA在治疗前后自身对照比较有统计学差异（Ｐ均 < 0.01）；Ⅰ组：SOD和MDA在治疗前后自身对照比较无统计学差异；Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组在GSH治疗后比较，SOD和MDA两者差异均有显著性（P均 < 0.01）。结论：GSH对HIE有治疗效应，其机制可能与抑制氧自由基产生及抑制脂质过氧化物形成有关。

摘要:目的：探讨低温等离子射频消融治疗慢性肥厚性鼻炎的效果。方法：选择下鼻甲肥大并对药物治疗无效的慢性鼻炎患者85例，应用等离子射频在每侧下鼻甲打2～3个孔，术后回访6个月以上。结果：显效 61例（71.8％），有效 19例（22．4％），总有效率 94.1％。2例下鼻甲骨性肥大患者无效。结论：低温等离子射频消融治疗慢性肥厚性鼻炎是安全、有效的治疗方法，值得临床推广应用。

摘要:目的：探讨颅脑外伤后合并动脉性鼻出血的诊断和治疗。方法：回顾分析2000～2005年收治的16例合并动脉性鼻出血的颅脑外伤患者，所有患者均行颅底薄层CT连续扫描，部分患者采用DSA检查；治疗采用气管切开、鼻腔填塞、血管介入栓塞等方法。结果：所有患者预后良好，随访无再发鼻出血。结论：CT及DSA检查对分析病情、设计治疗方案十分重要，选择合适的治疗方式可以明显改善预后。

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摘要:目的：探讨谷胱苷肽转硫酶M1、T1、P1（GSTM1、GSTT1和GSTP1）基因多态性和吸烟饮酒习惯与直肠癌易感性的关系。方法：以直肠癌患者210例，人群对照439例为研究对象，调查研究对象的生活习惯，以多重PCR技术检测GSTM1和GSTT1基因缺失，PCR-RFLP技术检测GSTP1基因单核苷酸多态（第105密码子A→G）。结果：GSTM1和GSTT1基因缺失频率在病例组和对照组差异无显著性；GSTP1 A／A、A／G和G／G基因型频率分布在病例组和对照组差异无显著性；与GSTP1 A／A基因型携带者相比，G／G基因型者发生直肠癌的危险性无显著升高，调整 OR值为1.11（95 %CI：0.77～1.60）。结论：GSTM1、GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性与直肠癌易感性无关。

摘要:目的：调查南京市及周边地区单位体检人群血清AFP、CEA、PSA含量以及在男女性别之间的差异。方法：根据年龄段把体检人群分成5组：组Ⅰ485例（年龄21～40岁）；组Ⅱ525例（年龄 ＞ 40～50岁）；组Ⅲ398例（年龄 ＞ 50～60岁）；组Ⅳ352例（年龄 ＞ 60～70岁）；组Ⅴ168例（年龄 ＞ 70～88岁）。使用酶放大化学发光技术对各组别体检人群进行检测，所有组别结果和组Ⅰ相比看有否显著差异。结果：同性别间对比，除组Ⅱ女性CEA和男性PSA没有显著差异外（P > 0.05），其余各组均有显著差异；各组男女之间AFP、CEA血清含量相比除组ⅤAFP、CEA和组ⅣCEA血清含量男女之间没有差异（P > 0.05），其余各组男女AFP、CEA血清含量均有明显差异（P < 0.01）。结论：建议正常人群每年做定期体检，并建立适合不同年龄和性别的参考值。

摘要:目的：调查南京地区乙肝病毒的基因型分布，并分析基因型与临床表现之间的相关性。方法：分别用特异引物PCR法和基因型特异探针分析（试剂盒）法两种方法测定慢性乙肝病毒感染者病毒基因型。统计分析基因型与临床表型的相关性。结果：分型结果相同的95株乙肝病毒中，32株为B型，59株为C型，1株为D型，株为BC混合型。基因型B和C在ASC中分别为7例（50％）和6例（42.86％），在CHB患者中分别为17（42.5％）和21（50％），在LC患者中分别为5（35.71%）和9（64.29%），在HCC患者中分别为3例（11.11%）和24例（88.89%）。在HCC患者中，基因型B组患者的平均年龄比C型的小。 结论：南京地区乙肝病毒有B、C、D、BC混合四种基因型，其中以C型和B型为主。与基因型B比较，基因型C乙肝病毒感染所致的肝病更严重。

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