摘要:目的:观察致醉剂量酒精对纹状体长时程增强(LTP)的影响,并通过可以抑制蛋白合成的药物-地塞米松来分析其作用机制,初步探讨酒精对学习记忆影响的作用机制-方法:采用纹状体离体脑片细胞外记录电生理技术和免疫组化技术-结果:研究致醉剂量酒精显著增强纹状体LTP的幅度-地塞米松可以部分翻转酒精对纹状体LTP的增强-结论:致醉剂量酒精极有可能通过激活及早基因从而实现对纹状体LTP的增强作用-

摘要:Objective:To study the effects of sodium ferulate on the ultrarapid delayed rectifier K+ current(IKur) in human atrial myocytes. Methods:Human atrial myocytes were isolated by enzyme dispersion method. IKur in human atrial myocytes were recorded by using the whole cell patch clamp. The changes of IKur were compared in the absence and the presence of sodium ferulate. Results:There was no effect of 0.4 g/L sodium ferulate on I-V relation of IKur. However, 0.4 g/L sodium ferulate inhibited IKur to some degrees at each test pulse. The current densities of IKur at +60 mV decreased from 4.997±0.35 PA/PF to 3.331±0.26 PA/PF(n = 6, P < 0.05). The inhibitory effect was concentration-dependent. IC50 was(0.41±0.03)g/L and the Hill coefficient was 0.95±0.05. Conclusion:Sodium ferulate as a potassium channel blocker can inhibit IKur in human atrial myocytes effectively.

摘要:Objective: To investigate in chronic hibernating myocardium in rabbits and the influence and significance of captopril, betaloc, valsartan in angiotensinⅡsubtype 1 receptor(AT1R), angiotensinⅡsubtype 2 receptor(AT2R), extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK). Methods: The model of chronic hibernating myocardium(CHM) was established. The changes of AT1R, AT2R, ERK1/2, JNK in different groups were assessed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results: The amount of AT1R decreased while AT2R increased in the CON group compared with in sham group, and both AT1R and AT2R decreased in drug groups compared with the CON group. The content of ERK had no change in each group, while that of “expression” p-ERK increased in CON group compared with in sham group, and was lower in drug intervention groups than in CON and sham groups. The contents of JNK and p-JNK decreased in CON and drug intervention groups compared with in sham group. The protein levels of JNK, p-JNK in drug intervention groups were lower than in the CON group. Three drugs can inhibit interstitial fibrosis and reduce apoptotic cells. The expression levels in the groups(with different doses) had statistical difference as well as between groups of captopril and other drugs; however the results between betaloc and valsartan had no significant difference. Conclusion: AT1R, AT2R may be the upper stream receptor of ERK and JNK and may participate in generation and evolution of CHM. Captopril, valsartan and betaloc may preserve CHM by inhibiting AT1R, AT2R and JNK activity.

摘要:医疗行为，特别是手术行为，是具有侵袭性的潜在伤害行为。基于医疗行为的价值，在刑法层面，有必要排除医疗行为的刑事化。为此目的，在刑事立法中设计“医疗例外”规则是必要的。“医疗例外”的理论依据是刑法中的“同意”抗辩理论。“医疗例外”的适用应瞄准对患者有益且有医疗目的的行为。随着人们观念的不断更新，“医疗例外”将不会仅仅局限于治疗性医疗行为。

摘要:目的:探讨ATP缺失时大鼠近端肾小管上皮细胞(NRK52E细胞)肌动蛋白细胞骨架重组情况及其可能机制-方法:用含0.1 μmol/L antimycin A的ATP缺失缓冲液处理培养的NRK52E细胞,建立细胞的体外ATP缺失模型;采用FITC标记的鬼笔环肽标记纤维型肌动蛋白(F-actin),用流式细胞仪检测技术分析肌动蛋白细胞骨架的重组情况;用Western blot及免疫印迹技术检测ATP 缺失后NRK52E细胞内骨架组分(Triton不溶组分)及上清组分(Triton可溶组分)中ERM(Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin)蛋白的分布改变-结果:体外ATP缺失模型建立,各实验组细胞内ATP浓度呈时间依赖性的下降(P < 0.05);ATP缺失后,NRK52E细胞内纤维型肌动蛋白的量渐增,且肌动蛋白的聚合程度随ATP缺失时间延长而增加(P < 0.05);ATP缺失后,ERM蛋白从细胞骨架解离进入胞浆,且ERM蛋白从细胞骨架的解离程度随ATP缺失的程度的增加而增加(P < 0.05)-结论:ATP缺失后NRK52E细胞骨架重组可能与ERM蛋白的重分布相关-

摘要:目的:研究染料木黄酮(genistein)对人乳腺癌细胞(MDA-MB-435) 肌动蛋白细胞骨架的影响,探讨p38激酶-HSP27信号通路对染料木黄酮诱导的细胞骨架肌动蛋白重组调控的可能机制-方法:不同浓度染料木黄酮(12.5-25.0-50.0和100.0 -滋mol/L)体外孵育MDA-MB-435细胞24 h后,用免疫印迹法研究细胞内p38激酶和HSP27表达及磷酸化水平的改变,同时分析肌动蛋白,HSP27其在细胞内定位的改变-结果:染料木黄酮处理24 h,胞浆中的G-肌动蛋白含量明显增多,而细胞骨架中的F-肌动蛋白含量明显减少;p38激酶和HSP27的蛋白总量无明显改变,但二者磷酸化水平随着染料木黄酮处理浓度的增加逐渐降低;与此相应的是HSP27在胞浆中含量明显减少,在细胞骨架中含量明显增多-结论:p38激酶途径以及HSP27磷酸化/脱磷酸化过程可能介导染料木黄酮所致MDA-MB-435细胞肌动蛋白细胞骨架的重组-

摘要:死亡标准在医学发展的过程中，与疾病的防治如影随形。在临床医学和基础医学的研究领域中，疾病的预防、治疗以及相关领域的伦理学问题研究日趋完善并逐步成熟起来，形成完整的学科体系；而对死亡这一特殊领域，特别是当前时代条件下针对脑死亡而进行的专业探讨在国内还是一片空白。面对死亡鉴定标准领域层出不穷的各种问题，作者从传统死亡的临床判定标准以及不同的死亡观引入，通过从传统死亡鉴定标准到现代死亡评定标准的论述，并展望未来死亡综合鉴定理论的发展趋势，着力于探究确立脑死亡鉴定标准的伦理学意义和目的。

摘要:Objective: To study the effects and mechanism of homocysteine(Hcy) on Parkinson’s disease(PD) induced by 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA) in vivo. Methods:Forty rats were divided into 4 groups. 6-OHDA or the solvent of 6-OHDA was focally administrated to induce PD, 2 h later Hcy or 0.9% sodium chloride was administrated in the ipsolateral substantial nigra(SN). We used behavioral testing, Immolunohistochemical techniques, biochemistry techniques to detect the injury of SN. Results:The rotary turns of PD rats induced by 6-OHDA showed significant increase after treatment with Hcy compared with the controls(P < 0.05). Also the numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)-stained neurons were decreased, and dendrites were fragmented and truncated. Free radicals were increased and antioxidant enzymes decreased. Conclusion:Focal infusion of Hcy into the SN increased the vulnerability of the dopaminergic neurons to 6-OHDA-induced degeneration, it seems that the endangering effect of Hcy is due to exacerbating oxidative stress.

摘要:输血引发、感染“丙肝”等疾病纠纷案件中，被告如何举证证明自己的供血、输血行为和感染“丙肝”等疾病无因果关系，以及在进行输血过程中遵守了相关的法律、法规、规章等规定，即在主观方面没有过错，这是被告在诉讼中不能回避且力求解决的问题。本文根据被告可能采取的举证途径入手，对司法实践中的一些惯常做法进行评析。

摘要:目的:采用雌激素皮贴刺激的方法,建立去卵巢(模拟妇女绝经后)裸鼠人乳腺癌移植模型,并探讨其部分生物学特性-方法:16只裸鼠切除卵巢后,背部给予雌激素皮贴,再接种雌激素受体阳性(ER+)的MCF-7 人乳腺癌细胞株,观察肿瘤块生长情况,30天后处死荷瘤裸鼠,切除肿块作病理切片及免疫组化-结果:接种后第4天即在接种部位可见结节,4周后肿瘤块平均表面积为(10.0 ± 2.1)mm2,肿瘤移植成功率(成瘤率)为75%(12/16)-病理学检查为浸润性导管癌,免疫组化雌激素受体表达呈阳性-结论:该方法采用了外部给予雌激素皮贴,刺激肿瘤的生长,成瘤率较高,且操作简便,成功的建立了去卵巢(绝经后)裸鼠人乳腺癌移植模型,经实验证明肿瘤可保持人乳腺癌生物学特性,为研究妇女绝经后雌激素依赖性乳腺肿瘤的发生机制提供了重要的科研工具-

摘要:目的:探讨冷循环微波固化(microwave coagulation,MC)治疗乳腺肿瘤可行性和有效性-方法:应用ECO100冷循环微波固化仪对家猪乳腺进行微波固化,术后测定MC靶区范围大小,对靶区组织-靶区周围组织作常规病理学检查,观察术后不良反应-结果:微波固化功率-时间同固化体积呈正相关,其固化功率时间乘积同体积相关系数为0.904(P < 0.000),回归方程为yhat=0.117x-2.608-MC靶区乳腺细胞呈凝固性坏死改变,MC靶区与周围组织分界明显,周围组织光镜下无改变-运用冷循环微波固化技术,不良反应轻-结论:冷循环微波固化家猪乳腺,可使其发生凝固样坏死,固化范围明确,创伤小,无严重不良反应,为MC临床运用提供理论依据和数据参考-

摘要:“错误出生”之诉与“错误生命”之诉是在我国司法实践上新出现的案件类型，因理论研究的缺失，使法院在具体处理时出现了一些偏差。文章通过三个有代表性的案例的分析比较，理清了概念以及两种诉讼的发展、存在的问题，力图给我国司法实践提供参考。

摘要:Objective: To study apoptotic effects of synthetic retinoic acid 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid(AHPN) on human skin malignant melanoma A375 cells in comparison with the natural ligand all-trans-retinoic acid(ATRA) in vitro and the mechanisms related to the actions of AHPN. Methods:MTT assay was used to determine the anti-proliferative effects of AHPN and ATRA on A375 cells. Flow cytometry was performed to investigate the influence of AHPN and ATRA on cell cycle and cell apoptosis. In addition, transfection and luciferase activity assays were employed to explore the mechanisms of how AHPN executes its proapoptotic function. Results:Firstly, AHPN promoted apoptosis and G1 arrest in A375 cells compared with ATRA. Secondly, the activity of NF-κB in A375 cells treated with AHPN increased 2-3 times compared with solvent DMSO treatment. Conclusion:AHPN, in comparison with ATRA, is a more effective alternative for therapy of malignant melanoma. The potentially proapoptotic function of AHPN requires activation of NF-κB.

摘要:尸体解剖对明确诊断，化解医疗纠纷，提高医疗诊治水平都有积极作用，应大力提倡和开展，但在尸检鉴定中必须科学准确，实行规范化、程序化，加强质量控制。文章对无锡地区６３例医疗纠纷尸检的鉴定资料进行分析，并对尸检过程中遇到的问题提出对策与建议。

摘要:目的:探讨FTY720与他克莫司(FK506)对脊髓损伤后神经功能保护作用的差别-方法:雄性SD大鼠48只随机分为4组,FTY720治疗组,FK506治疗组,损伤(不给药)组和正常对照-参照Allen’s 法建立T10 脊髓损伤动物模型,分别予FTY720与FK506治疗-伤后1-3-7-14-21天行BBB评分及斜板试验,伤后3周行体感诱发电位(SEP)检查及T10段脊髓切片HE染色-结果:神经功能BBB评分-斜板最大角度及体感诱发电位检测,FTY720治疗组均优于FK506治疗组,差异有显著性(P < 0.05); HE染色可见损伤组脊髓内大量神经元坏死,用药治疗各组神经元坏死较轻,其中以FTY720组最轻-结论:脊髓损伤后早期应用FTY720与FK506治疗均有显著疗效,两者相比又以FTY720效果更优-

摘要:Objective: To evaluates mandible reconstruction by free vascularized fibular flap with special emphasis on the immediate complications. Methods:The clinical data of 63 patients were reviewed, 35 male and 28 female(age range 16 to 73 years). Aesthetic and functional outcomes were evaluated by follow-up and/or telephone conversation. Results:Among the 63 fibular flaps, 29 were osteocutaneous flaps with one or two skin islands. All the flaps were surviving well and the success rate was 100%. Long term donor site disability was not recorded for any patient. Thirty-one patients responded for aesthetic and functional evaluation, 20 cases(64.5%) reported their facial appearance as excellent or good, 11 (35.48%) felt fair; 14 cases (45%) could eat unrestricted diet, 17(55%) could eat soft diet; 21 cases were(67.67%) speech normal, 10(22.33%) speech intelligible. Conclusion:Free fibular flap reflects good functional and esthetic results with a high degree of consistency, and acceptable level of complications, and we strongly believe the vascularized fibular flap is the first choice for mandibular reconstruction.

摘要:《道路交通安全法》于２００４年５月１日施行，为处理交通事故损害赔偿案件提供了法律依据。但实践中，如何确定赔偿责任、责任主体、赔偿限额等问题因法律规定不详尽而存在适用争议。本研究拟通过热点问题，结合先后实施的法律法规、司法解释以及江苏省高等法院相关指导意见进行分析，探讨交通事故损害赔偿案件的法律适用。

摘要:目的:研究脂质体对神经生长因子(NGF)包裹后促进其通过血脑屏障(BBB)的作用-方法:将99mTc-NGF用脂质体包裹后,按照以下条件处理:将包裹含有4.0mCi 99mTc-NGF的脂质体A注射至新西兰兔体内,利用SPECT分析其在脑部分布的百分数,对照组以相同放射剂量的99mTc-NGF-99mTc-NGF-普通脂质体B处理用来考察脑组织靶向性;同时以0.05 mg/kg剂量将NGF脂质体A-单纯NGF-空白脂质体-生理盐水分别注入新西兰兔体内,利用ELISA法于30-60-90-120 min测定脑脊液中NGF的浓度-结果:自制注射用脂质体A组包裹的99mTc-NGF经SPECT显像,其在脑部的放射性计数较高,而99mTc-NGF组几乎全部从泌尿系统代谢-99mTc-NGF-普通脂质体B组基本被网状内皮系统吞噬后沉积于肝脏;ELISA检测证明脂质体包裹的NGF能够部分通过血脑屏障-结论:此自制NGF-脂质体A具有一定的脑组织靶向性,能够携带NGF通过BBB-

摘要:目的:观察芪参益气浸膏对异丙肾上腺素(ISO)诱导大鼠慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的治疗作用和对心肌能量代谢的影响 方法:142只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组和CHF组,模型制备采用皮下多点注射ISO法,4周后CHF组再随机分为模型组和芪参益气浸膏高-中-低3个治疗组及曲美他嗪治疗组-平均治疗5周后进行心脏超声检查,并测定心肌组织中高能磷酸化合物的含量和肌浆网Ca2+依赖型ATP酶(SERCA)活性-结果:芪参益气浸膏显著提高心衰大鼠左室短轴缩短率(FS%)(36.35 ± 3.80 vs 31.48 ± 5.98,P < 0.05),左室射血分数也有改善趋势,心肌ATP和总腺苷(TAN)含量比模型组分别提高了19%和31%,与正常对照组无统计学差异(P > 0.05)-芪参益气浸膏组和曲美他嗪组心肌SERCA活性显著高于模型组-结论:芪参益气浸膏有改善ISO诱导慢性心衰大鼠心功能的趋势,这种作用可能与心肌能量代谢的改善有关-

摘要:Objective: To explore the functions and mechanisms of herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1) while infecting human oral epithelial cells in vitro(being similar to the infection in vivo). Methods:An abundance of HSV-1 strains amplified in Vero cells were used to infect human oral epithelial cells. The culture supernatant was collected to infect Vero cells again. Morphology of HSV-1 was identified by inverted microscope and transmission electron microscope. Nucleic acid of the virus was detected by PCR. Results:The infected human oral epithelial cells didn’t display an obvious cytopathic effect(CPE) under inverted microscope(while Vero cells which were infected by the culture supernatant showed typical(CPE). The virus particles were not observed in the cytoplasm nor in nucleus of human oral epithelial cells, however under transmission electron microscope in the cytoplasm of Vero cells, the nucleic acid of HSV-1 could be detected in infected human oral epithelial cells, by PCR. Conclusion:HSV-1 can successfully infect human oral epithelial cells. This model may provide a useful approach for studying the pathogenesis of herpes virus-associated periodontal disease.

摘要:文化自觉要求人们正确认知、理解和解释自己的民族文化历史，联系现实，尊重并吸收他种文化的经验和长处，与他种文化共同建构新的文化语境。和谐文化是建立在社会主义和谐社会基础之上的意识形态，是社会主义和谐社会的文化自觉。因此，必须从文化自觉的高度来认识社会主义和谐文化建设。

摘要:目的:利用细菌表达系统合成大量重组血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)蛋白-方法:将VEGF165 cDNA克隆于表达载体PET-32a(+)后转染BL-21株表达重组VEGF蛋白,用分离His蛋白的层析柱提纯重组VEGF蛋白-结果:重组VEGF蛋白经氨基酸序列测定证实-Western blot测定发现His蛋白-功能测定发现重组VEGF蛋白可阻断细胞表面Neuropilin-1的表达-结论:上述表达系统制备大量具有生物活性的重组VEGF蛋白

摘要:Objective: To establish an animal model of P.aeruginosa biofilm associated with chronic pulmonary infection and investigate the pathogenic effects of biofilm. Methods: Experiments in vitro, measuring the MICS, MBCS of levofloxacin(LFX), ceftazidime(CAZ) in PAO579 in alginate beads and planktonic PAO579. Rats were challenged with 0.1 ml of PAO579(109CFU/ml) in alginate beads or 0.1 ml of planktonic PAO579(109 CFU/ml), 3,7,14 days after challenging, bacteriological, pathological features were observed. Results: The MICS, MBCS of LFX, CAZ in PAO579 in alginate beads were higher than those in planktonic PAO579 in vitro. CFU/lung in alginate beads group was significantly higher than that in planktonic bacteria group(P = 0.002, P = 0.004, P = 0.002, respectively); macroscopic lung pathology and the inflammation in alginate beads group were significantly more severe compared to those in planktonic bacteria group in vivo. Conclusion: P.aeruginosa biofilm protected bacterium from killing of antibiotics and might mediate the host immune damage in the lung tissue and made bacterium evade the host immune defense.

摘要:墨家伦理思想是墨学的重要组成部分，墨家伦理以“兼爱”为原则，阐发“贵义”、“尚利”的义利统一的功利主义价值观，遵循“合其志功而观”的道德评价原则，使其成为中国古代伦理学园一朵奇葩。墨家伦理思想以其自身合理的思想内涵与时代需要相耦合，为当代中国弘扬伟大民族精神，加强公民道德建设，以及践行代表最广大人民根本利益的要求提供了可资借鉴的丰富理论资源。

摘要:目的:研究铜绿假单胞菌中1类整合子的分布和结构特征及与多重耐药的关系-方法:应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测铜绿假单胞菌1类整合酶基因(intⅠ)并扩增其可变区;DNA测序技术分析1类整合子可变区的耐药基因;对1类整合子阳性菌采用琼脂平皿稀释法测定其MIC并进行转移接合明确其耐药基因转移情况;脉冲场凝胶电泳法(PFGE)了解这些阳性菌的遗传相关性-结果:47株铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株中,29株携带1类整合子,未检测到3类整合子-这29株包含的整合子均扩增出长度约4.3 kb的可变区,核酸序列分析发现存在新型耐药基因盒组合形式aac(6’)-Ⅱ-aadA13-cmlA8-oxa-10,Genbank基因号为EU182575-其中基因盒aadA13以往未在铜绿假单胞菌中发现-同时第3个开放阅读框与已知基因cmlA5有95%的同源性,为编码氯霉素外排泵的基因盒,将其命名为cmlA8-PFGE结果分析显示29株阳性菌株具有高度的同源性-结论:本院流行的铜绿假单胞菌携带包含新型基因盒及组合形式的Ⅰ类整合子,再次证实1类整合子参与了铜绿假单胞菌的耐药和多重耐药-

摘要:中国共产党历来非常重视理论指导和理论创新，在坚持马克思列宁主义同中国实际相结合的过程中，创造性地产生了具有中国特色的重大理论成果。通过从辩证唯物主义观点入手，思考和分析新时期继承和发展毛泽东军事思想的四个原则和方法，阐述了新时期继承和发展毛泽东军事思想的理论基础、客观依据、根本动力以及广阔前景。

摘要:Objective:To investigate the effects of calcium-activated chloride (ClCa) channels on proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMCs) in rats under chronic hypoxic condition. Methods:The cultured PASMCs were placed under normoxic and chronic hypoxic conditions:The cells were observed by light and electron microscope; The cell cycles were observed by flow-cytometry; Immunocytochemistry staining was used to detect the expressions of PCNA, c-fos and c-jun of PASMCs; Cytoplasmic free Ca2+ con-centration ([Ca2+]i) in PASMCs was investigated by fluorescent quantitation using fluorospectrophotometer. Results:The PASMCs were contractile phenotype under normoxic conditions. Observation by transmission electron microscope: In kytoplasm of contractile phenotype cells, myofilament bundles were abundant and the content of cell organs such as Golgi’s bodies were rare. The PASMCs were synthetic phenotype under chronic hypoxic condition. There were increased free ribosomes, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulums, highly developed Golgi complexes, decreased or disappeared thick filaments and dense body in kytoplasm of synthetic phenotype cells. After NFA and IAA-94, the situations were reversed The number of S+G2M PASMCs were significantly increased in chronic hypoxic condition; The NFA and IAA-94 were shown to significantly decrease them from (28.6±1.0)% to (16.0±1.6)% and the number of G0G1 PASMCs significantly increased from (71.4±1.9)% to (83.9±1.6)% (P < 0.01). In chronic hypoxic conditions, the expression of proliferating cell nucleus antigen was significantly increased; The NFA and IAA-94 were shown to significantly decrease it from (81±6)% to (27±7)%(P < 0.01). The expression of c-fos and c-jun were significantly increased in chronic hypoxic conditions; The NFA and IAA-94 were shown to significantly decrease them from 0.15±0.02, 0.32±0.05 to 0.05±0.01, 0.12±0.05, respectively (P < 0.01); Under chronic hypoxic conditions, [Ca2+]i was increased; The NFA and IAA-94 decreased it from (281.8±16.5)nmol/L to (117.7±15.4)nmol/L(P < 0.01). Conclusion:Hypoxia initiated the change of PASMCs from contractile to synthetic phenotype and increased proliferation of PASMCs. NFA and IAA-94 depressed cell proliferation by blocking ClCa channels in hypoxic condition. These may play an important role in proliferation of PASMCs under chronic hypoxic conditions.

摘要:目的:研究肌肉注射大鼠胰岛素原基因重组表达质粒转基因治疗对糖尿病大鼠血糖和胰岛素分泌的影响-方法:链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导SD大鼠糖尿病模型,经肌肉注射将大鼠胰岛素原基因重组表达质粒pCMV/proinsulin DNA裸质粒直接导入糖尿病大鼠体内,与转染同等剂量pCMV空载质粒的对照组比较,观察糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响以及体内胰岛素表达的变化-结果:①接受肌肉注射重组质粒的治疗组(A组)糖尿病大鼠血糖下降约4 mmol/L,且能维持1~2周,血浆胰岛素水平明显升高,并持续表达2周;②肌肉注射胰岛素原基因治疗后,治疗组血糖明显低于接受pCMV空载质粒对照组(B组)和糖尿病对照组(DM组)(P < 0.05),治疗组胰岛素浓度也明显高于这两个对照组(P < 0.05);③肌肉注射治疗组大鼠的骨骼肌能检测到大鼠胰岛素原基因mRNA的表达,而对照组则为阴性;治疗组大鼠胰腺胰岛素原基因mRNA的表达量也明显高于对照组;④免疫组化结果显示,肌肉注射治疗组大鼠骨骼肌组织可见胰岛素表达,而对照组则无表达;治疗组胰腺组织胰岛素含量较对照组明显增高-结论:糖尿病大鼠裸质粒肌肉注射转基因治疗可获得胰岛素的有效表达,并有效降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖水平-

摘要:本研究运用公共关系的理论和原则，阐述了公共关系管理的特点和做法，引入公关管理构建和谐医患关系，医院组织发挥着主导作用，医院必须树立公关意识，开展务实有效的公共关系活动，通过树立良好的医院形象，赢得患者的理解、信任和支持。

摘要:Objective:To study the Cryptosporidium infection among young children in Anhui province, and to explore the best way to diagnose the disease. Methods: Stool specimens of 1 204 children were collected; oocysts of Cryptosporidium were identified with auramine O-modified staining, acid-fast staining, safranine T and methylene blue staining, and auramine O-modified acid-fast staining. Results: The detectable rate of Cryptosporidium in four stainings were respectively 2.46%, 1.50%, 1.98% and 3.46%, and there was a higher significant difference in the rate between auramine O-modified acid-fast staining and the others(P < 0.005). The detectable rate was significantly lower in urban children(2.14%, 15/684) than in rural ones(5.19%, 27/520). Boys and girls had similar detectable rate (1.99%, 24/1 204 vs. 1.50%, 18/1 204). Cryptosporidium infection was usually subclinical, and its major clinical features included benign diarrhea, mild abdominal pain and nausea. Conclusion:Cryptosporidium infection was relatively common in kindergartens and a higher infection rate was found in rural children. As the majority of the Cryptosporidium infections were subclinical, diagnosis is important although difficult.

摘要:《医师资格考试报名资格规定（２００６版）》之第十五条之三的规定既不合法，也不合理。它违背了《执业医师法》、《行政许可法》，也违背了法不溯及既往的原则。医学院校培养的“懂法的医生”、 “懂管理的医生”却被剥夺了成为医生的资格，实有侵犯宪法所规定的公民的劳动就业权的嫌疑，无视社会对复合型人才的实际需求，同时也违背了高等教育的基本规律。

摘要:Objective: To observe the effects of controlled hypotension on gastric intramucosal pH and post-operational gastrointestinal functions using two specific anesthesia methods. Methods: Thirty patients(ASAⅡ)scheduled for ectomy of hepatocarcinoma, were randomly assigned to two groups: epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia group(E group) and inhalation anesthesia group(G group). Gastric PgCO2 and pHi were monitored at different time points, before theintravenous induction of controlled hypotension, after 1 h and 2 h, and 1 h after the termination of controlled hypotension. In the meanwhile, the artery blood gas was analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in blood gas indexes between E group and G group. However, pHi decreased significantly after 1 h and 2 h of controlled hypotension(P ＜0.05), and during the same periods PgCO2 increased significantly(P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01), the time of bowel movement and defecating deferred significantly shorter in G group patients, when compared with E group patients. Conclusion:Epidural block in combination with general anesthesia can improve gastrointestinal blood flow during controlled hypotension and facilitates post-operational recovery of gastrointestinal functions.

摘要:目的:构建含人血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)基因的重组pcDNA3.1质粒并进行鉴定-方法:利用分子生物学技术,从人肝脏标本中提取出RNA,进行RT-PCR后,做TA克隆,成功获得pMD/19-HO-1质粒,采用限制性内切酶BamHⅠ-EcoRⅠ从pMD/19-HO-1质粒中将目的基因片段切出,克隆到质粒pcDNA3.1的相应酶切位点中,构建重组质粒pcDNA3.1-HO-1,采用限制性酶切-DNA测序鉴定,将构建好的质粒瞬时转染ECV304细胞株,Western blot测定HO-1表达-结果:酶切-测序鉴定证实插入位点及方向与预期完全一致,测序证实hHO-1与Gene Bank提供的原始序列完全一致,瞬时转染细胞后HO-1蛋白表达明显增高-结论:成功构建了含人血红素加氧酶-1基因的真核表达质粒,为进一步研究该基因在糖尿病血管并发症中的作用奠定基础-

摘要:文章通过分析现阶段零售药店开展药学服务存在的主要问题，探讨深入开展药学服务的新途径，指出现阶段可以通过提高开办零售药店的准入标准，建立科学的药学服务质量评价模型来深入开展零售药店药学服务。

摘要:目的:观察葡萄糖下对大动脉内皮细胞11β-HSD1,11β-HSD2表达的影响,及11β-HSD1与TGF-β1,ET-1等细胞因子之间的关系;同时观察反义寡核苷酸对高糖条件下大动脉内皮细胞11β-HSD1,11β-HSD2表达的干预作用-方法:猪髂动脉内皮细胞分别培养于不同浓度葡萄糖(5.6,10.0,20.0,30.0 mmol/L)中,用RT-PCR法检测11β-HSD1,11β-HSD2,TGF-β1,ET-1 mRNA的表达,Western-blot方法检测11β-HSD1,11β-HSD2蛋白表达情况-结果:高糖状态干预48 h后,11β-HSD1,TGF-β1mRNA表达随葡萄糖浓度的增加而增加,呈现一定的相关性;11β-HSD1蛋白表达随葡萄糖浓度增加而增加-采用11β-HSD1与11β-HSD2反义寡核苷酸干预后11β-HSD1与11β-HSD2 mRNA和蛋白质表达完全被抑制,同时TGF-β1的表达降低-结论:葡萄糖刺激血管内皮细胞11β-HSD1 mRNA和蛋白质表达增加,且在高糖状态下,11β-HSD1 mRNA的表达与TGF-β1RNA表达有直线相关性,11β-HSD1可能与糖尿病及其血管并发症相关-

摘要:采用问卷、访谈等方法对福建省部分高校的贫困大学生的心理与行为进行实证研究，对比分析发现贫困女大学生面临着学业发展、人际交往、就业发展方面的代内压力，也存在着代际婚姻观念、认知情感表达、就业思想冲突等代际压力。

摘要:Objective: To construct the recombinant adenovirus vector carrying rat vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), as preparation for genetic transfection that follows. Methods：Rat VEGF was obtained by using RT-PCR amplification and then cloned into the shutter plasmid pDC316. Subsequently, this newly constructed plasmid pDC316-VEGF, after identification by nuclease digestion analysis and sequencing analysis, was transfected into human embryonic kidney cells HEK293 by Lipofectamine 2000 mediation, together with adenovirus-packaging plasmid pBHGE3. Based on the homologous recombination of the two plasmids within HEK293 cells, the recombinant adenovirus vector carrying VEGF and VDC316-VEGF was created. VDC316-VEGF was subsequently identified using PCR, purified using repeated plaque passages, proliferated using freezing and melting within HEK293 cells, and titrated using 50% Tissue Culture Infective Dose(TCID50) assay. Results:The newly constructed recombinant adenovirus was confirmed to carry rat VEGF based on PCR results, and its titration value determined based on TCID50 assay was 3×109 pfu/ml. Conclusion:The recombinant adenovirus carrying rat VEGF was successfully constructed. The newly constructed adenovirus can produce a sufficiently high titration value within HEK293 cells, providing a reliable tool for genetic transfection in further gene therapy researches.

摘要:目的:探讨中国人群代谢综合征(MS)与胰岛素抵抗的相关性,评价经ATPⅢ及IDF诊断标准诊断的MS者是否具有WHO诊断标准所要求的胰岛素抵抗-方法:以110例老年医学科的住院患者为研究对象,按照2001年美国ATPⅢ及2005年IDF对MS的诊断标准,用稳态模型(HOMA) 方法评估各组人群中胰岛素的敏感性及胰岛β细胞功能-结果:以ATPⅢ为标准时,非合并MS(72例)和合并MS(38例)组的HOMA-IR分别为1.50 ± 1.84和2.15 ± 2.50(P = 0.13),HOMA-β细胞功能分别为0.90 ± 0.56和0.96 ± 0.94(P = 0.68);以IDF为标准时,非合并MS(56例)和合并MS(54例)组的HOMA-IR分别为1.25 ± 0.83和2.22 ± 2.81(P = 0.01),HOMA-β细胞功能分别为0.87 ± 0.56和0.98 ± 0.85(P = 0.41)-结论:在本研究中ATPⅢ定义的MS并不存在明显的胰岛素抵抗,提示在中国人群诊断MS时ATPⅢ标准和WHO诊断标准存在明显分歧-而IDF标准诊断的MS具有明显的胰岛素抵抗,可能更适合中国人群-

摘要:Objective:To study the relationship between perifollicular blood flow and follicule development, oocyte maturing rate, fertilizing rate, cleaving rate, embryo quality and the outcomes of embryo transfer. Methods：The samples were selected from 66 suffers who underwent in vitro fertilization(IVF)or intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI). Eeach patients perifollicular blood flow(diameter ≥12mm )was estimated on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG)administration. Results:Among 66 cycles,26(39.4%) cycles resulted in pregnancy. perifollicular blood flow resistance index(RI), peak systolic velocity/end diastasis velocity(S/D) of non-pregnant group was significantly higher than that of the pregnant group(P < 0.004). When RI＜0.49, the pregnancy rates, fecundation rates, fertilization rates, metaphase numbers for the of second meiosis oocytes increased evidently(P < 0.05),but there were no statistical difference in gonadotropin dosage, cycle frequency, infertility years, ages, estradiol(E2)on the day of HCG administration, numbers of oocyet retrieved and high-quality embryo rates(P > 0.05）. There were no statistical difference between non-pregnant group and pregnant group in S and D（P > 0.05）. There was no correlation between periFollicular blood flow RI and follicular diameter by linear regression analysis. Conclusion:Our study shows that perifollicular blood flow RI and S/D are effective indices of predicting the pregnancy outcome of IVF-ET.

摘要:文章分析了高校科研用房使用与管理中存在的主要问题，从树立市场化的科研用房管理理念，建立完备的科研用房管理体系和制定科学的科研用房管理措施，探讨了高校科研用房使用与管理改革。

摘要:目前高校学生党建工作发展迅速，成果显著，但在学生党员入党后的教育管理上仍存在管理力量薄弱、支部作用发挥不够、监督考核制度滞后等问题。当前高校可通过建立专兼职党建队伍，深化党员继续教育，切实发挥基层支部作用，健全考核监督制度等方式加强学生党员入党后的教育管理，完善高校党建机制。

摘要:目的:探讨载脂蛋白E(ApoE)的基因多态性与颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)及相关炎症因子产生的关系-方法:入选的83例对象均行彩色多普勒检测颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)及观察颈动脉有无斑块,根据结果分成CAS组及对照组,采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段多态性方法检测ApoE基因多态性,并测定总胆固醇(TC)-甘油三脂(TG)-高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)-低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及相关炎症因子-结果:CAS组ε3/4基因型频率明显高于对照组(P < 0.05),两组间ε4等位基因频率差异有显著性(P < 0.05)-不同的ApoE等位基因组间TC-LDL-C-TG-颈动脉IMT-超敏C反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)和纤维蛋白原(FIB)存在显著性差异(P < 0.05),并且上述指标的值以携带ε4等位基因组为最高-结论:ApoE基因多态性是影响血清TC及LDL-C水平的重要遗传因素之一,同时与体内炎症状态相关,并且在一定程度上影响CAS病变的进程-

摘要:Objective:To evaluate the clinical value with positron emission tomography/computerized tomography(PET/CT) imaging for the detection of vulnerable plaque in atherosclerotic lesions. Methods:Sixty people with a age of over 60[mean age (69.2±7.1)years] underwent three dimension(3D) whole-body fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose(18F-FDG) PET/CT imaging and were evaluated retrospectively, including 6 cases assessed as normal and 54 cases with active atherosclerotic plaque. Fifty-four cases with SUVs and CT values in the aortic wall of high-FDG-uptake were measured retrospectively. These high-FDG-uptake cases in the aortic wall were divided into three groups according their CT value. Cases in group 1 had high uptake in atherosclerotic lesions of the aortic wall with CT value of less than 60 Hu(soft plaque). Cases in group 2 had high uptake with CT value between 60-100 Hu (intermediate plaque). Cases in group 3 had high uptake with CT value more than 100 Hu(calcified plaque). Group 4 was normal. Results: In group 1, there were 42 high-FDG-uptake sites (average SUV 1.553±0.486). In group 2, there were 30 high-FDG-uptake sites(average SUV 1.393±0.296). In group 3, there were 36 high-FDG-uptake sites(average SUV 1.354±0.189). In group 4, there were 33 normal-FDG-uptake sites (average SUV was 1.102±0.141). The SUVs showed significant difference among the four groups(F = 678.909, P = 0.000). There were also significant difference found between the normal-FDG-uptake group and the high-FDG-uptake groups(P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.001, respectively). Conclusion:Different degrees of 18F-FDG uptake in active large atherosclerotic plaque were shown in different stages of atherosclerotic plaque formation. The soft plaque had the highest FDG uptake in this study. This suggested that 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging may be of great potential value in early diagnosis and monitoring of vulnerable soft plaque in atherosclerotic lesions.

摘要:中国有五千年可考的文字医学史，医学教育的历史在中国源远流长。医学在古代被称为“仁学”，蕴含着浓厚的人文气息。但长期以来，我国医学教育忽视医学的人文科学性质，导致医学生人文精神缺失，不能把握“以人为本”这个道德实践和职业活动最基本的准则，从某种方面导致医患关系愈加紧张。因此，作为培养白衣天使的医学院校，加强对医学生进行人文素质教育，对于构建和谐医患关系具有重要意义。

摘要:目的:了解门诊糖尿病患者治疗与管理现状-方法:选取在本院门诊连续治疗1年以上糖尿病患者,通过门诊访谈-病历调查,收集患者的人口学资料-治疗检查状况-血糖-血压-血脂等指标以及慢性并发症情况-结果:入选患者257名,年龄(61.8 ± 12.3)岁,糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)均值为7.3% ± 1.5%-患者血糖-血压-血脂的达标率均高于2003年中国的调查结果(P < 0.05)-现患率排前3位的并发症为白内障-糖尿病神经病变和微量白蛋白尿-而影响血糖达标治疗的因素包括吸烟-饮食-运动-糖尿病教育-病程和文化程度-结论:本院2005年门诊糖尿病患者血糖-血压-血脂达标率高于2003年全国平均水平,但仍有72.7%的患者血糖未能满意控制-因此,仍需强化糖尿病教育,减少晚期并发症的发生-

摘要:为了适应当今医学教学改革的需要，进一步提高医学生临床实践能力，自１９９６年建立了以自行研制的ＳＭＳ（标准化外科模型人）为载体的实践教学及考核体系；经过近１０年的理论与实践，逐步建立了以ＳＭＳ、ＳＰ（标准化外科病人）和ＣＣＳ病案库为载体的实践教学体系——外科临床能力实验课程，通过临床操作能力与临床思维能力的训练，为解决医学生临床能力低下的问题探索了一种新的思路与方法。

摘要:Objective: To make intensified analysis upon the existing difficulties in early detection for the infectious diseases outbreak in China and put forward some effective measures to improve it. Methods: Field investigation and in-depth interview were applied in 23 interviewees from different-level CDC. Results:The study findings suggest that although the timeliness of outbreak detection has been improved since SARS epidemic in China, some problems still exist, such as: ①lacking syndrome surveillance; ②report quality of infectious disease should be improved; ③difficulties of identifying the cases at lower social economic status; ④a definite financial compensation mechanism for the operation of web-based report system is absent; ⑤insufficient information exchange among different branches. Conclusion:Some effective measures must be taken including developing syndrome surveillance system; affording more education and training for related staff; increasing payout on surveillance and establishing an information exchange platform for early detection of disease outbreak.

摘要:目的:检测老年肺癌患者外周血中T淋巴细胞及亚群CD28的表达-方法:采用三色免疫荧光标记流式细胞术检测32例老年肺癌患者与35例老年正常人外周血T淋巴细胞及亚群CD28的表达-结果:老年肺癌组CD3+-CD4+-CD8+T细胞及CD4+ CD28+-CD8+CD28+ T细胞亚群明显低于老年正常对照组(P < 0.01);CD8+CD28-T细胞亚群(P < 0.01)明显高于老年正常对照组;均有明显的统计学差异;两组间CD4+CD28-T细胞亚群无明显统计学差异(P > 0.05)-结论:老年肺癌患者较正常老年人存在明显的免疫功能紊乱,抗肿瘤能力明显下降,并导致病情恶化-

摘要:针对国内医学检验教学设备的供需矛盾和教师讲授法为主的教学现状，提出建立开放实验室，使学生可以在课余时间根据学习兴趣和实验需要进入实验室；在实验教学过程中引入ＰＢＬ教学模式，建立以问题为基础，以病案为先导的学习方式。通过建立开放实验室和引入ＰＢＬ模式，培养动手能力强、综合素质高和有创新能力的医学检验人才。

摘要:目的:探讨复方丹参对实验性急性坏死性胰腺炎(acute necrotic pancreatitis,ANP)细胞因子的影响-方法:制作ANP鼠模型,给予复方丹参治疗,制备血清,ELISA检测TNF-α-IL-1β和TGF-β的表达水平-结果:ANP模型中,TNF-α和IL-1β早期(3 h)即显著升高,TGF-β进展期(6 h)显著升高;复方丹参可以抑制炎症细胞因子TNF-α和IL-1β的分泌,抑制发病后期TGF-β的高表达-结论:复方丹参对急性坏死性胰腺炎的治疗作用可能与其抑制炎症性细胞因子TNF-α和IL-1β的分泌和影响TGF-β的产生有关-

摘要:为顺应医学教育国际化的趋势，尽快制定人才培养标准，建立配套措施，保证和提高医学人才培养质量，文章研究对比了中美两国八年制医学教育培养目标及生源定位的差异，通过各自优劣分析，从转变观念、生源选择及明确细化培训目标等方面入手，为我国八年制医学教育的改革和发展提供了一些有益的启示。

摘要:目的:构建pEGFP-CD2AP真核表达载体,检测其在COS-7细胞中的表达-方法:PCR扩增CD2相关蛋白(CD2-associated protein,CD2AP)全长编码序列,PCR产物连接入pGEM T-Easy载体,经测序确认无误后,亚克隆入pEGFP-C2构建pEGFP-CD2AP真核表达载体,采用Lipofectamine 2000转染COS-7细胞,荧光显微镜检测报告基因表达产物EGFP-结果:pEGFP-CD2AP表达载体转染COS-7细胞后,可在细胞内观察到报告基因和目的基因的表达产物-结论:pEGFP-CD2AP真核表达载体构建成功,并可在细胞内表达,这将为今后的CD2AP功能研究奠定基础-

摘要:根据国家要求和医科学生的实际情况，就业指导课程体系应以“职业化”为导向，文章以引导学生进行职业生涯规划为出发点，通过对职业生涯发展的认知，指导与培养学生正确择业观；通过对职业生涯发展的设计，指导学生在大学期间进行职业生涯的初步规划；通过职业生涯发展的实践开展职业技能训练，指导与培养学生的职业素质。文章建构了四个阶段十二个模块的全过程大学生就业指导课程体系，采取科学测评全程跟踪辅导、职业意识训练等方式提高教学实效性，引导学生开展职业生涯规划，树立正确的就业观，合理定位，提高就业质量和满意度，实现顺利就业和终

摘要:目的:比较产前给予不同剂量-不同疗程的地塞米松(DEX)对大鼠胎肺形态发育的影响-方法:15只孕鼠随机分为5组,每组3只-小剂量DEX单程组:孕16-17天注射等量生理盐水,孕18 天腹腔注射DEX 0.4 mg/(kg·d)-小剂量DEX多程组:孕16-17-18 天腹腔注射DEX 0.4 mg/(kg·d)-大剂量DEX单程组:孕16-17天注射等量生理盐水,孕18 天腹腔注射DEX 0.8 mg/(kg·d)-大剂量DEX多程组:孕16-17-18 天腹腔注射DEX 0.8 mg/(kg·d)-生理盐水组:孕16-17 -18天注射等量生理盐水-孕19天每只孕鼠取6只胎鼠肺组织作为早产鼠肺模型,通过光镜观察及电镜技术,分析比较各组用药对胎肺形态发育的影响-结果:光镜下,小剂量DEX单程-多程组及大剂量DEX单程-多程组每视野肺泡计数,平均肺泡间隔厚度均低于生理盐水组(P﹤0.01),平均肺泡表面积均高于生理盐水组(P﹤0.01)-透射电镜观察,地塞米松治疗组Ⅱ型肺泡上皮内多见板层小体且染色深-致密;胞质内线粒体等细胞器多见,而生理盐水组内难见板层小体-少见细胞器;基底膜呈现由完整到断裂不连续-由厚薄均一到厚薄不均甚至无法辨认的变化-结论:产前给药地塞米松能显著促进胎肺发育,但随着给药剂量和次数的增多,肺泡化受阻和基底膜受损现象逐渐明显-

摘要:分析了医患关系紧张对临床医学教学的影响，指出培养医患沟通技能在医学生教育中的重要性，进而提出从临床见习教学、案例教学、“健康教育志愿者”活动以及同伴教育等培养途径，加强对医学生通技能的培养，促进医患关系和谐发展。

摘要:目的:了解江苏省HIV感染者T淋巴细胞的变化及合并结核杆菌感染的情况,为抗病毒治疗提供参考依据-方法:应用流式细胞仪-X线拍片机及痰检的方法分析140例正常人-116例HIV感染者的T淋巴细胞亚群及其合并结核的情况-结果:HIV感染者CD4+细胞数低于正常人群(P < 0.001),CD4+/CD8+的比值明显降低(P < 0.001);CD4+细胞 < 200个/-滋l者占37.07%,>200个/-滋l者占62.93%,两组人群的CD8+ T淋巴细胞-Th/Ts有显著性差异;其中77.59%无临床症状,有临床相关症状的占22.41%,两组人群的CD4+细胞数及Th/Ts有显著性差异;共11例合并结核感染-结论:HIV感染机体后,CD4+-CD8+细胞水平的变化与病情发展关系密切,联合检测的判断能力优于单项检测-

摘要:生殖医学是近年来迅速发展起来的一门综合性学科，也是本世纪最具发展前景的学科之一。七年制学生是高等医学院校培养具有硕士学位的高级医学人才。在七年制学生中开设生殖医学必修课，以多媒体课件组织教学，运用启发式教学法，注重知识的及时补充和更新，重视培养学生的科研思维能力和人文素养，取得了预期的教学效果。

摘要:医学发育生物学是随着生命科学领域各学科的发展，尤其是发育生物学和医学的发展而逐渐建立起来的一门新型学科。文章就医学发育生物学的发展、与其他相关学科的关联以及教学模式进行初步探讨，期望能为医学发育生物学课程的进一步优化提供一些有益的信息。

摘要:目的:监测2005年在江苏省流行的麻疹病毒野毒株及其基因型-方法:2005 年分别在医院门诊疑似麻疹患者和疑似麻疹爆发点的患者中采集咽拭子,接种EB病毒转化的绒猴淋巴母细胞(B95a细胞),获得58株麻疹野病毒-结果:该58 株病毒经逆转录-聚合酶链反应和其产物的基因序列分析显示,这58株病毒属于麻疹野病毒第8 基因组H1基因型-结论:江苏省流行的麻疹野病毒基因型与国内流行优势基因型相同-

摘要:目的:评价彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)和X线计算机体层成像(CT)-磁共振成像(MRI)在眼眶疾病的诊断价值-方法:回顾性总结84例眼眶疾病的影像诊断,评估分析CDFI和CT-MRI的诊断价值-结果:物理诊断符合率CDFI和CT-MRI无明显差异-CDFI和CT-MRI病理符合率在实质性肿块中分别为92%-89.3%,含液性包块分别为100%-90%,炎性病变分别为100%-95.7%,血管病变分别为100%-77.8%-结论:眶内液性病变定性诊断CDFI稍优于CT,病变侵犯眼眶甚至颅内或颅内病变侵犯眼眶则CT-MRI更胜一筹-

摘要:目的:应用三维超声体积自动测量技术测量胎儿小脑体积,及研究与孕龄的相关性-方法:选取19~38周的无明显合并症的孕妇176名,采用超声诊断仪,用二维模式找到小脑横径测量平面后,切换成三维模式,进行三维容积采样,启动体积自动测量技术的应用程序,系统自动给出体积测量值,并与孕龄进行相关性研究-结果:胎儿小脑体积与孕龄呈正相关,并初步得出各孕龄胎儿小脑体积正常参考值范围,其值从孕19周的平均1.258 cm3增至孕38周的平均18.913 cm3,R2=0.9938-结论:三维超声体积自动测量技术可以用于测量胎儿小脑体积,其值随孕龄增加而增大-

摘要:目的:探讨超声造影对肾脏占位鉴别诊断的应用价值-方法:22例经彩色多普勒超声诊断为肾脏占位的患者,用声诺维(sonovue)对患侧肾脏进行超声造影,实时动态记录整个超声造影过程,观察注射造影剂前后的肾脏及局部病灶的超声造影声像图特征表现-结果:超声造影后肾癌病灶内的血流信号明显增强,但是肿瘤内的血流灌注无论从时间上还是回声强度上都没有一定的规律和特点,1例转移性肾癌则是快进增强,持续时间长,即为快进慢出现象-肾错构瘤大部分不增强,小部分可有病灶内血流信号稍增强,但持续时间短-肾囊肿无增强,肾柱肥大则与肾实质增强消退一致-结论:应用sonovue超声造影能显著增强肾肿瘤的血流信号,有助于准确评价肾肿瘤内的血供状况,对肾脏占位的诊断与鉴别诊断有重要的意义-

摘要:目的:通过对肝脏肿瘤局部治疗手术区部位超声造影的观察,对靶区治疗前后进行对比,探讨一种影像学方法评估局部治疗近期疗效的可行性-方法:47例肝脏局部治疗术后,其中局部手术切除后手术区观察7例,单纯无水酒精注射30例,微波热凝固8例,内冷循环射频消融1例,氩氦刀治疗1例,观察疗程结束后局部治疗区域超声造影,以治疗后造影各时相无造影增强,血清学指标正常作为局部治疗彻底的标准,动脉期治疗区残存增强病灶,门脉期及延迟期病灶造影清退,类似于治疗前造影特点为治疗不彻底,作为下次治疗的靶目标区,直至达到彻底治疗标准-结果:超声造影可以动态显示局部治疗区域的微循环特点及残存病灶的各种形态-结论:①超声造影可以显示出局部治疗区内残存肿瘤及治疗区域形态,动脉期残存病灶的造影增强为观察主要参数;②可以将超声造影显示残存肿瘤区域作为靶治疗区域,为补充治疗提供导向作用;③超声造影可以作为局部治疗后短期疗效评价,长期远效果评价的安全性需进一步研究-

摘要:目的:探讨胰腺癌MRI检查技术及其诊断价值-方法:分析109例经手术-病理和临床随访证实的胰腺癌,MRI检查技术包括FLASH 2d FS-T1WI-FLASH 3d FS-T1WI-倾斜横断面FS-T1WI-TSE-T2WI-HASTE-T2WI-MRCP和Gd-DTPA动态增强扫描-结果:胰腺癌T1WI为低信号,T2WI为等或高信号;MRCP可显示胆总管和胰管扩张,即“双管征”;动态增强扫描对了解胰腺癌血供-评价胰周血管浸润以及判断有无肝转移有较高价值-结论:多种MRI检查技术联合应用可准确诊断胰腺癌并分期;将肿瘤径线小于3.0 cm,无显著周围浸润和远处转移作为小胰腺癌的判断标准有利于提高手术切除率-

摘要:目的:总结全膀胱切除术后改良原位回肠新膀胱术的临床疗效-方法:2005年11月~2007年6月对11例全膀胱切除术后行改良的原位新回肠膀胱术:膀胱全切除采用顺行逆行相结合的方法;带蒂末段回肠一部分为新膀胱输入道,另一部分为回肠片经折叠后缝合成类球形新膀胱,输尿管以匙形吻合种植于新膀胱输入道上,类球形新膀胱底部与后尿道端吻合-结果:围手术期无1例死亡,平均手术时间为4 h,术中平均出血量300 ml;术后随访5~24个月,平均14个月,11例白天均能控尿,夜尿2~3次,无遗尿-结论:全膀胱切除术后改良原位回肠新膀胱外形接近膀胱形态,符合生理排尿;是治疗浸润性膀胱癌首选方案之一-

摘要:目的:探讨肿瘤前哨淋巴结(SLN)活检技术在胃癌诊疗中应用的意义-方法:将23例胃癌患者,按肿瘤浸润深度分T1-T2-T3三组,用术中在胃癌周围浆膜下4点注射亚甲蓝的方法定位前哨淋巴结,用细胞角蛋白免疫组织化学染色判断淋巴结转移情况-结果:23例患者全部检出SLN,平均每例找到1.6枚前哨淋巴结,出现淋巴结转移的有17例,其中前哨淋巴结出现转移的有15例,SLN预测淋巴结癌转移的敏感性88.2%(15/17),阳性判断价值73.3%(11/15),阴性判断价值63.6%(7/11),假阴性率8.6%(2/23)-胃癌T1组SLN无假阴性者,准确率100%,T2期为83.7%,T3期为78.5%-结论:采用胃癌周围浆膜下注射亚甲蓝的方法术中定位前哨淋巴结安全可行,对T1期胃癌准确率极高,对T1-T2期胃癌清扫具有指导意义-

摘要:目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)-CD44拼接异构体(CD44v6)和基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-2)在食管癌中的表达,分析其与淋巴结转移的关系-方法:应用免疫组织化学方法检测VEGF-CD44v6-MMP-2在40例食管正常鳞状上皮和80例食管鳞癌组织中的表达-结果:80例食管癌标本中VEGF-CD44v6-MMP-2阳性表达率分别为76.3%-71.3%-66.3%,40例食管正常鳞状上皮VEGF-CD44v6-MMP-2阳性表达率分别20.0%-12.5%-7.5%,二者相比差异均有显著性(P < 0.05)-VEGF-CD44v6-MMP-2在食管癌中的表达与肿瘤的淋巴结转移相关-44例有淋巴结转移的食管癌组织中VEGF-CD44v6-MMP-2表达阳性率分别为95.1%-84.1%-80.0%,36例无淋巴结转移者为61.1%-55.6%-50.0%-结论:VEGF-CD44v6-MMP-2在食管癌组织中呈高表达,其表达值与肿瘤的有无淋巴结转移有关,可作为食管癌浸润-转移的重要指标-

摘要:目的:探讨乳腺癌患者免疫热休克凋亡乳腺癌细胞负载的树突状细胞(DC)后体内免疫状态的变化,并对其安全性进行初步评估-方法:分离患者外周血单核细胞,用重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rhGM-CSF)和白介素-4(rhIL-4)诱导DC;将患者自体肿瘤细胞热休克后诱导其凋亡并负载自体DC-对10例确诊为乳腺癌的患者进行1个疗程(4次)的DC免疫治疗-结果:治疗中未出现明显不良反应,生活质量均有不同程度的改善,血清中IL-2-IL-12-IFN-γ和TNF-α水平治疗后呈明显上升趋势-结论:热休克凋亡乳腺癌细胞负载的DC体内可激发Th1型免疫应答,增强机体抗瘤能力,同时无明显毒副反应-

摘要:目的:比较沐舒坦-地塞米松预防早产儿肺透明膜病的疗效-方法:所有病例均为胎龄在28~34周的早产儿,产前使用地塞米松,且首剂应用至胎儿娩出时间超过24 h但不足7天者为地塞米松组;产前未使用地塞米松治疗但出生后1 h内应用沐舒坦预防者为沐舒坦组;产前未使用地塞米松出生后也未应用沐舒坦者为对照组-比较3组早产儿肺透明膜病的发生情况,早产儿感染及沐舒坦药物不良副作用发生情况-结果:①地塞米松组早产儿肺透明膜病的发生率(10.9%)和沐舒坦组(15.6%)比较无统计学差异(P > 0.05),但与对照组(36.7%)比较有统计学差异(P﹤0.05);②早产儿感染的发生率地塞米松组为26.1%虽高于沐舒坦(13.3%)和对照组(16.7%),但经比较无统计学差异(P > 0.05);③沐舒坦组未发现沐舒坦药物不良反应-结论:产前给药地塞米松-生后早期给药沐舒坦均能显著降低早产儿肺透明膜病的发生;产前给药地塞米松疗效优于生后早期给药沐舒坦;但考虑到应用地塞米松带来的诸多不良反应,生后早期给药沐舒坦可成为临床上预防早产儿肺透明膜病的更好选择-

摘要:目的:观察烧伤后全身性炎症反应综合征(SIRS)-脓毒症患者血清降钙素原(PCT)水平变化-方法:本组共计67例烧伤患者,其中无感染组(对照组)40例,SIRS组27例,伴有脓毒症组6例-应用半定量固相免疫测定法测定患者血清PCT水平-结果:无感染患者血中PCT正常或轻度升高,SIRS患者血中PCT中重度升高,而感染脓毒症患者血中PCT明显高于非感染性SIRS患者-同时SIRS组和脓毒症组患者之间的体温-心率-呼吸和白细胞计数等传统炎症指标无明显差异-结论:血清PCT值有助于早期诊断烧伤后脓毒症-

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